Prema etičkom poimanju zakonskog propisa o cijepljenju u Ruskoj Federaciji

Today the ethical aspect became the cornerstone of all public discussion defining the success of vaccination all over the world. This situation had a basic influence on formatting the modern normative regulation connected with vaccination by the inclusion of the universal ethical principals in the legislative concept. It is also extremely important to reach an understanding and recognition of these fundamental bases among responsible professional community and public society in general. Another significant impact is also to get harmonization and solidarity between existing national legislation and international ones. These provisions defined the main objective of this article to analyze the role and value of the ethical component in the current legislation in the Russian Federation connected with vaccination. First, the significance of universal ethical principles in the process of vaccine’s R&D and practical vaccination is presented (Chapter I). Secondary, the legal system of the Russian Federation is analyzed considering the compliance and the possibility of executing various ethical standards (Chapter II). Third, the author’s research based on a questionnaire survey held among the various categories responsible for vaccination, an imbalance of knowledge, and the implementation of basic ethical-normative principles are shown (Chapter III). The main conclusion of the article is the confirmation of the compliance between Russian legislation and the universal principles of bioethics. At the same time, there is an urgent need for education and awareness in order to improve the scientific and practical achievements of vaccination and to get the real adaptation of an ethical concept among professional society, as well as to reach the public trust.Danas je etički aspekt postao kamen temeljac svih javnih rasprava koje definiraju uspjeh cijepljenja u cijelom svijetu. Ova je situacija imala bitan utjecaj na oblikovanje suvremenog normativnog propisa povezanog s cijepljenjem uključivanjem univerzalnih etičkih načela u zakonodavni koncept. Također je izuzetno važno postići razumijevanje i prepoznavanje ovih temeljnih osnova između odgovorne profesionalne zajednice i javnog društva općenito. Drugi značajan utjecaj je također usklađivanje i solidarnost između postojećeg nacionalnog zakonodavstva i međunarodnog zakonodavstva. Navedene odredbe definirale su glavni cilj ovog članka, a on je analiziranje uloge i vrijednosti etičke komponente u trenutnom zakonodavstvu Ruske Federacije povezane uz cijepljenje. Prvo je prikazan značaj univerzalnih etičkih načela u procesu istraživanja i razvoja cjepiva i praktičnog cijepljenja (I. poglavlje). Kao drugo, pravni sustav Ruske Federacije analizira se uzimajući u obzir usklađenost i mogućnost provođenja različitih etičkih normi (II. poglavlje). Treće, prikazano je autorovo istraživanje temeljeno na anketnom upitniku provedenom među različitim ispitanicima odgovornim za cijepljenje, neravnotežu znanja i primjenu osnovnih etičko-normativnih načela (III. poglavlje). Glavni zaključak članka je potvrda usklađenosti između ruskog zakonodavstva i univerzalnih načela bioetike. Istodobno, postoji hitna potreba za obrazovanjem i osvješćivanjem radi poboljšanja znanstvenih i praktičnih dostignuća cijepljenja i postizanja stvarne prilagodbe etičkog koncepta među profesionalnim društvom, kao i postizanja povjerenja javnosti

Improving the mechanism of interaction between public and private enterprises

The purpose of this paper is to improve methodological provisions for the organization and practical implementation of the interaction of public and private enterprises in order to increase the efficiency of their activities, taking into account mutual interests. A model has been formed for assessing the efficiency of overcoming administrative barriers by entrepreneurial entities, which is based on taking into account the price and time for entrepreneurs to overcome problems in running their business. The system of indicators for the development of interaction between public and private enterprises is structured, which allows analyzing trends in the development of interaction processes in a wide range of areas: resource availability, administrative barriers, development of competition, ensuring the security of business, information openness, innovative development

Working capital management in the process of financial support of investment and construction projects and of the construction material industry

The article presents the analysis of working capital in the process of financial support of high-rise construction investment projects. The factors influencing the choice of the working capital management model were analyzed, the reasons of the change in the requirement for the values of current assets in the process of construction of high-rise facilities were determined. The author has developed the scheme of interrelation between production, operational and financial activity cycles of enterprises implementing investment projects of unique buildings and structures and made a comparative description of their financing sources

Working capital management in the process of financial support of investment and construction projects and of the construction material industry

The article presents the analysis of working capital in the process of financial support of high-rise construction investment projects. The factors influencing the choice of the working capital management model were analyzed, the reasons of the change in the requirement for the values of current assets in the process of construction of high-rise facilities were determined. The author has developed the scheme of interrelation between production, operational and financial activity cycles of enterprises implementing investment projects of unique buildings and structures and made a comparative description of their financing sources

Information system development for restricting access to software tool built on microservice architecture

The article discusses issues related to improving the security of an information system by introducing an authentication system into distributed information systems, developing and implementing a secure software architecture built on a microservice architecture. That kind of architecture ensures the prevention of unauthorized access to confidential information processed in the application. Achieving this goal it is necessary to use authorization methods, the basics of building secure applications and the basics of database management systems

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine