Selection Model for Optimization of the Gene Bank of Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) and plum (Prunus domestica L.) in the Low Volga Region

The researchers of the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Low Volga region – the branch of FSC of agroecology of RAS – have developed the regulations for the selection model of optimization of genetic pool and created a number of varieties of cherry and plum by hybridization of local and southern varieties and by use of hybrids of free pollination. The optimization of gene bank of cherry and plum on the basis of the study of genetic biodiversity and regulations for the selection model and programs provides the adaptation of the newly developed varieties for the creation of industrial crops in agrosystems of the Low Volga and other regions of Russia. The catalog of assortment has been developed and the six varieties of garden plum (Prunus domestica L.) regionalized, including Volgogradskaya, Bogatyrskaya, and Vengerka korneyevskaya varieties, as well as a number of other ones that have been created during hybridization of the local varieties of the Volga region, such as, Volzhskaya sinyaya, Ternosliv letniy, Ternosliv osenniy with the most adaptive introduced varieties. The new varieties and elites (best specimens) of sour cherry (Prunu scerasus L.): Loznovskaya, Dubovskaya krupnoplodnaya, Melodiya, Lyubimitsa, Peskovatskaya, Dubovochka, Temnookrashennaya, Sharada, Pamyat‘ Zhukovoy – have been selected by intervarietal hybridization and by sowing of seeds collected during free pollination of the following varieties: Zhukovskaya, Lyubskaya, Krasa Severa, Shirpotreb chernaya, Ujfeherto furtos. The above-mentioned forms contributed to a richer assortment of garden plum and sour cherry in the Low Volga region, meaning adaptive, high-yielding, high-quality varieties of universal use. There is a good reason to use the above-mentioned assortment as the integrated donors during the development of selection programs aimed at continued improvement of varieties of stone fruit crops

Melhoria da Gestão do Risco Cambial nas Empresas do Turismo e da Indústria Hoteleira

The study takes a look at the approaches to the foreign exchange risk management of tourism and hospitality industry enterprises as the expansion of foreign economic activity requires improving the efficiency of managing such risks. Transfer pricing is considered one of the most effective methods for regulating foreign exchange risk. The conceptual principles of foreign exchange risk management are developed with consideration of the place and goals of an enterprise in the tourism and hospitality industry, as well as the features of the internal and external environments, that create the prerequisites for increasing the efficiency of the organizational and economic mechanism. It is concluded that approaches to developing a program to improve the efficiency of managing risks under study determine the optimal combination of organizational and software-integrated aspects that reduce the level of risk to the optimum, given a steady increase in competitiveness and profitability.El estudio examina los enfoques de la gestión del riesgo cambiario de las empresas del sector del turismo y la hostelería, ya que la expansión de la actividad económica en el extranjero exige mejorar la eficacia de la gestión de dichos riesgos. Los precios de transferencia se consideran uno de los métodos más eficaces para regular el riesgo cambiario. Los principios conceptuales de la gestión del riesgo cambiario se desarrollan teniendo en cuenta el lugar y los objetivos de una empresa en la industria del turismo y la hostelería, así como las características del entorno interno y externo, que crean los requisitos previos para aumentar la eficiencia del mecanismo organizativo y económico. Se concluye que los enfoques para el desarrollo de un programa de mejora de la eficiencia de la gestión de los riesgos objeto de estudio determinan la combinación óptima de aspectos organizativos y de software integrados que reducen el nivel de riesgo al óptimo, dado un aumento constante de la competitividad y la rentabilidad.O estudo analisa as abordagens à gestão do risco cambial das empresas do turismo e da indústria hoteleira, uma vez que a expansão da actividade económica estrangeira exige a melhoria da eficiência da gestão de tais riscos. Os preços de transferência são considerados um dos métodos mais eficazes para regular os riscos cambiais. Os princípios conceituais de gestão do risco cambial são desenvolvidos tendo em consideração o lugar e os objectivos de uma empresa na indústria do turismo e da hotelaria, bem como as características do ambiente interno e externo, que criam os pré-requisitos para aumentar a eficiência do mecanismo organizacional e econômico. Conclui-se que as abordagens ao desenvolvimento de um programa para melhorar a eficiência da gestão de riscos em estudo determinam a combinação óptima de aspectos organizacionais e de software integrados que reduzem o nível de risco ao óptimo, dado um aumento constante da competitividade e rentabilidade

Aperfeiçoamento de Abordagens para o Recrutamento de Pessoal na Indústria Hoteleira

The purpose of the article is to develop a recommendation system for hospitality enterprises using non-traditional forms of recruitment. The dynamism of changes in the environment is found to necessitate the use of innovative approaches based on the real needs and opportunities of modern hospitality industry enterprises. It is confirmed that the effectiveness of personnel recruitment depends on the mastery of up-to-date methods. It is established that implementing the totality of the proposed modern human resource management technologies will contribute to increased personnel productivity and efficiency of hotel enterprises. The introduction and implementation of innovative technologies of personnel management are found to bring changes to other resource areas – in the nature of the hotel product, in the way relationships with the key customers are constructed, and in the economy of the hotel enterprise as a whole in a digitalized environment.El objetivo del artículo es desarrollar un sistema de recomendación para empresas de hostelería que utilicen formas de contratación no tradicionales. Se considera que el dinamismo de los cambios en el entorno requiere el uso de enfoques innovadores basados en las necesidades y oportunidades reales de las empresas modernas de la industria hotelera. Se confirma que la eficacia de la contratación de personal depende del dominio de los métodos actualizados. Se establece que la implementación de la totalidad de las tecnologías modernas de gestión de recursos humanos propuestas contribuirá a aumentar la productividad del personal y la eficiencia de las empresas hoteleras. Se encuentra que la introducción e implementación de tecnologías innovadoras de gestión de personal trae cambios a otras áreas de recursos: en la naturaleza del producto hotelero, en la forma en que se construyen las relaciones con los clientes clave y en la economía de la empresa hotelera en su conjunto. en un entorno digitalizado.O objetivo do artigo é desenvolver um sistema de recomendação para empresas de hospitalidade usando formas não tradicionais de recrutamento. O dinamismo das mudanças no ambiente exige o uso de abordagens inovadoras baseadas nas reais necessidades e oportunidades das empresas modernas da indústria hoteleira. Confirma-se que a eficácia do recrutamento de pessoal depende do domínio de métodos atualizados. Fica estabelecido que a implementação da totalidade das modernas tecnologias de gestão de recursos humanos propostas contribuirá para o aumento da produtividade do pessoal e da eficiência das empresas hoteleiras. A introdução e implementação de tecnologias inovadoras de gestão de pessoal trazem mudanças para outras áreas de recursos – na natureza do produto hoteleiro, na forma como os relacionamentos com os principais clientes são construídos e na economia da empresa hoteleira como um todo em um ambiente digitalizado

Superoxide Dismutase 1 Nanozyme for Treatment of Eye Inflammation

Use of antioxidants to mitigate oxidative stress during ocular inflammatory diseases has shown therapeutic potential. This work examines a nanoscale therapeutic modality for the eye on the base of antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), termed “nanozyme.” The nanozyme is produced by electrostatic coupling of the SOD1 with a cationic block copolymer, poly(L-lysine)-poly(ethyleneglycol), followed by covalent cross-linking of the complexes with 3,3′-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylpropionate) sodium salt. The ability of SOD1 nanozyme as well as the native SOD1 to reduce inflammatory processes in the eye was examined in vivo in rabbits with immunogenic uveitis. Results suggested that topical instillations of both enzyme forms demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity; however, the nanozyme was much more effective compared to the free enzyme in decreasing uveitis manifestations. In particular, we noted statistically significant differences in such inflammatory signs in the eye as the intensities of corneal and iris edema, hyperemia of conjunctiva, lens opacity, fibrin clots, and the protein content in aqueous humor. Clinical findings were confirmed by histological data. Thus, SOD1-containing nanozyme is potentially useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders

Network analysis of human glaucomatous optic nerve head astrocytes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Astrocyte activation is a characteristic response to injury in the central nervous system, and can be either neurotoxic or neuroprotective, while the regulation of both roles remains elusive.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To decipher the regulatory elements controlling astrocyte-mediated neurotoxicity in glaucoma, we conducted a systems-level functional analysis of gene expression, proteomic and genetic data associated with reactive optic nerve head astrocytes (ONHAs).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our reconstruction of the molecular interactions affected by glaucoma revealed multi-domain biological networks controlling activation of ONHAs at the level of intercellular stimuli, intracellular signaling and core effectors. The analysis revealed that synergistic action of the transcription factors AP-1, vitamin D receptor and Nuclear Factor-kappaB in cross-activation of multiple pathways, including inflammatory cytokines, complement, clusterin, ephrins, and multiple metabolic pathways. We found that the products of over two thirds of genes linked to glaucoma by genetic analysis can be functionally interconnected into one epistatic network via experimentally-validated interactions. Finally, we built and analyzed an integrative disease pathology network from a combined set of genes revealed in genetic studies, genes differentially expressed in glaucoma and closely connected genes/proteins in the interactome.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest several key biological network modules that are involved in regulating neurotoxicity of reactive astrocytes in glaucoma, and comprise potential targets for cell-based therapy.</p

Choosing appropriate forms, methods, and study aids

The article represented the problem of choice and application of pedagogically valid forms, means, and methods of education. The ability to choose enables a teacher to take the initiative, develop and adopt a curriculum, teaching, and upbringing methods within the framework of an academic subject, a course, or a discipline. It ensures teaching the subject at a high professional level, following the approved curriculum, application of pedagogically valid and proper forms, and educational methods. The author analyzed the sequence of methods and techniques combinations in the course of making a choice, which is based on understanding their applicability in the educational process. The authors outlined the possibilities of using the problem study method to form the activity of a child's personality. A comparative analysis of teaching methods was presented, and the main criteria for their selection were given. The methods capabilities were assessed, using the approach of the students' educational skills in choosing instructional methods, including a preliminary study of the willingness level for search and research activities. The combination of techniques allows us to take into account the specifics of the content of the educational material and helps students reveal their educational and cognitive abilities

The Effect of Low-Growing Rootstocks on the Adaptability and Productivity of Sour Cherry Varieties (Prunus cerasus L.) in Arid Conditions

Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), having a rich composition of biologically active connections and antioxidants, is gaining increasing popularity among agricultural producers. Increasing the production of sour cherry fruits requires the introduction of modern technology, one of the elements of which is low-growing rootstocks. For many cultures, the use of low-growing rootstocks has been widely studied, but there is very little information on their use in cherry plantations. We studied new varieties and rootstocks of cherries in the conditions of the dry steppe zone, where this issue had not been studied before. Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) varieties&mdash;Toy, Memory of Zhukova, and Loznovskaya&mdash;are the most adapted to the conditions in which the experiments were conducted. Russian breeding forms (Krymsk, Krasnodar region), which were taken as rootstocks, are widely used for sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.), but are practically never used for sour cherries (Prunus cerasus L.). The influence of rootstocks on such parameters as drought resistance, heat resistance, winter hardiness, and productivity was studied in variety&ndash;rootstock combinations. The study showed that they had the greatest drought resistance, and accordingly affected the grafted variety with rootstock, in the pedigree of which there are wild species. These rootstocks were of the VSL and RVL series. The study of the productivity of variety&ndash;rootstock combinations showed that in the grafted varieties the most rapid entry into the fruiting season and the greatest increase in the yield was facilitated by the rootstock forms of VSL-1 and VSL-2 (K5) which made it possible to obtain a yield of 5.8&ndash;8.1 kg/tree, depending on the variety grafted onto them. However, it is necessary to continue the research that has been started in order to fully determine the possible qualitative and quantitative parameters of the studied variety&ndash;rootstock combinations and to identify the most promising ones for further introduction into industrial production. This work was carried out within the framework of the topic of the state task of the Scientific Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 0713-2019-0009: &ldquo;Theoretical foundations, creation of new competitive biotypes of agricultural crops with high productivity, quality, sustainability and varietal technologies based on the latest methods and technological solutions in a changing climate, including seed breeding and nursery breeding&rdquo;

The Effect of Low-Growing Rootstocks on the Adaptability and Productivity of Sour Cherry Varieties (<i>Prunus cerasus</i> L.) in Arid Conditions

Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), having a rich composition of biologically active connections and antioxidants, is gaining increasing popularity among agricultural producers. Increasing the production of sour cherry fruits requires the introduction of modern technology, one of the elements of which is low-growing rootstocks. For many cultures, the use of low-growing rootstocks has been widely studied, but there is very little information on their use in cherry plantations. We studied new varieties and rootstocks of cherries in the conditions of the dry steppe zone, where this issue had not been studied before. Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) varieties—Toy, Memory of Zhukova, and Loznovskaya—are the most adapted to the conditions in which the experiments were conducted. Russian breeding forms (Krymsk, Krasnodar region), which were taken as rootstocks, are widely used for sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.), but are practically never used for sour cherries (Prunus cerasus L.). The influence of rootstocks on such parameters as drought resistance, heat resistance, winter hardiness, and productivity was studied in variety–rootstock combinations. The study showed that they had the greatest drought resistance, and accordingly affected the grafted variety with rootstock, in the pedigree of which there are wild species. These rootstocks were of the VSL and RVL series. The study of the productivity of variety–rootstock combinations showed that in the grafted varieties the most rapid entry into the fruiting season and the greatest increase in the yield was facilitated by the rootstock forms of VSL-1 and VSL-2 (K5) which made it possible to obtain a yield of 5.8–8.1 kg/tree, depending on the variety grafted onto them. However, it is necessary to continue the research that has been started in order to fully determine the possible qualitative and quantitative parameters of the studied variety–rootstock combinations and to identify the most promising ones for further introduction into industrial production. This work was carried out within the framework of the topic of the state task of the Scientific Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 0713-2019-0009: “Theoretical foundations, creation of new competitive biotypes of agricultural crops with high productivity, quality, sustainability and varietal technologies based on the latest methods and technological solutions in a changing climate, including seed breeding and nursery breeding”

Increasing the output of grape seedlings using biostimulants of natural origin

In recent years, the viticulture industry, and the problems of producers of grape products have attracted more attention from the state and the public in terms of its contribution to GDP growth. Productivity and longevity of grape plantations directly depend on the quality of the planting material. Therefore, the relevance of research to obtain the highest yield of standard seedlings of valuable table grapes (Yubilei of Novocherkassk, Dubovsky pink, Bogatyanovsky, Vera) is undeniable. Two variants of biostimulators of growth have been studied: amino peptide agrochemical and a complex mean of chitosan and succinic acid in comparison with background fertigation. The highest yield of seedlings of the first grade level 71-76 % of the open ground nursery on light chestnut soils obtained by its cultivation with a three-time application of foliar fertilizing of amino peptide mean of biological origin Isabion at a dose of 2 l/ha with the addition seedlings output relative to the control 10-13% and the level of production profitability from 135 to 151 %