The Detection of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes in CFM - 3 MTA Botanica Kishinev.

Centrul Medicilor de Familie – Nr 3. IMSP AMT Botanica mun. Chişinău, Primul Congres Naţional al Societăţii Endocrinologilor cu participare internaţională dedicat jubileului de 50 ani de la fondarea serviciului endocrinologic din Republica Moldova 9-11 octombrie 2014Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic illness requiring continuous medical care to prevent acute complications and reducing the risk of long-term complications. “Prediabetes” is the term used for individuals with IFG and/or IGT, indicating the high risk for the future development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Materials and methods: Were investigated 19122 ambulatory patients with risk factors for diabetes aged 20 and 79 years and determinate levels of FPG, 2-h PG OGTT.Results: Were found 185 patients with diabetes and 134 patients with prediabetes. The distribution of new diagnosed cases cases of diabetes in age groups was: 20 – 39 years -20(11%), 40-59 years- 53 (28,8%), 60-79 years - 112 (60,2%). The distribution of new diagnosed cases of prediabetes in age groups was: 20-39years -9(7%), 40-59 years- 34 (25%), 60-79 years -91(68%). Were made 343 2-h PG OGTT, of which were 45 subjects with diabetes ( 24,3 % of newly diagnosed diabetes) and 134 diabetes.Conclusions: Testing to detect diabetes and prediabetes in asymptomatic people should be considered in adults of any age with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and who have one or more additional risk factors for diabetes. To test for diabetes or prediabetes, FPG, or 2-h 75-g OGTT are appropriate.Diabetul zaharat este o tulburare metabolică multiplă care necesită îngrijire medicală permanentă pentru a preveni complicaţii acute şi a micşora riscul dezvoltării complicaţiilor cronice. Persoanele cu IFG şi /sau TAG au fost unite sub denumirea “ prediabet” şi sugerează riscul crescut pentru a dezvolta in viitor diabetul zaharat şi bolile cardiovasculare. Material şi metodă: Au fost examenaţ 19122 pacienţi ambulatori din grupa de risc pentru diabet cu vîrsta cuprinsă între 20-79 de ani. Au fost determinate glicemia bazală, TOTG. Rezultate: În urma examenărilor efectuate au fost depistate 185 cazuri de diabet zaharat şi 134 cazuri de prediabet. Distribuţia cazurilor noi de diabet zaharat pe grupele de vîrstă a fost: 20-39 ani- 20 (11%), 40-59 ani- 53 (28,8%), 60-79 ani- 112 (60,2%). Distribuţia cazurilor noi de prediabet pe grupele de vîrstă a fost: 20-39 ani- 9 (7%), 40-59 ani- 34 (25%), 60-79 ani- 91 (68%). Au fost efectuate 343 TPTG, în urma examenărilor au fost depistate 45 cazuri de diabet zaharat (24,3% din diabet zaharat primar depistat) şi 134 cazuri de prediabet. Concluzii: Investigaşiile în vederea depistării diabetului zaharat şi prediabetului la persoane asimptomatice se vor efectua la adulţii indiferent de vîrsta cu IMC ≥25kg/m2 care au unul sau mai mulţi factori de risc suplimentari pentru diabetului zaharat. Pentru depistarea diabetului zaharat se vor folosi: FPG, TOTG la 2 ore (încărcare cu glucoză 75 gr.)

Photoluminescence of Lead Sulfide Quantum Dots of Different Sizes in a Nanoporous Silicate Glass Matrix

The optical properties of lead sulfide quantum dots (QDs) of different sizes embedded in a nanoporous silicate glass matrix (NSM) are investigated by steady-state and transient photoluminescence spectroscopy. The use of this matrix allows the fabrication of samples with reproducible optical characteristics, for both isolated and close-packed QDs. Low-temperature PL analysis of isolated QDs with sizes of 3.7 and 4.5 nm shows that the coefficient of temperature shift of the PL position changes sign with reducing QD size because of size-dependent contributions from thermal expansion, mechanical strain, and electron–phonon coupling. The PL intensity is determined by size-dependent splitting of the lowest energy electronic state

Self-assessment of academic achievements in the examination situation and personality traits of students of the youth age period

The study presents the results of the correlation between students’ predictive competence and their personal characteristics. The relevance and novelty of the research results are attributed to the specification of the problematic issue connected with predictive competence. The latter is determined through the students’ subjective characteristics which are associated with self-assessment of academic achievements in the examination situation. The developed predictive competence is one of the acmeological invariants of professionalism and a resource that increases stress resistance. The aim of the research is to study the correlation between personality traits of students of the youth age period and the adequacy of their self-assessment of the academic achievements in a stressful examination situation. The study hypothesizes that personal characteristics of students determine the adequacy level of their self-assessment of the academic results and reduce the level of examination stress. The sample of the study comprises 287 first- and second-year students of the youth age period, majoring in natural sciences and socio-economic educational areas and specialties of Udmurt State Agrarian University (Izhevsk) (their average age is 18.5; 45% are girls, 55% are boys). The methods (tools) of the research are as follows: in order to fix the components of self-assessment of academic achievements and the level of mental tension of young people in the examination situation, the authors used the Dembo – Rubinstein technique (in the original modification); to determine the features of predictive skills, the “Anticipatory Consistency Test” developed by V. D. Mendelevich (ACT) was used; to measure the manifestations of anxiety as a personal quality that affects the stress level during examinations, the “The Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale” was applied (adapted by T. A. Nemchin, V. G. Noskaridze), to measure the level of the control locus the “Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale” (adapted by E. F. Bazhin, E. A. Golynkina, A. M. Etkind) was used. The study results. Positive correlation between the locus of control and personal anxiety and negative cor- relation between the predictive competence and situational tension are characteristic of students with an adequate self-assessment of academic achievements. Developed predictive competence reduces the exam stress. The conclusion. Adequate self-assessment of academic achievements in a stressful situation contributes to the management of one’s own activities and to a better manifestation of competencies while performing intellectual tests. The obtained results are used to improve the personality-oriented program for the development of adequate self-assessment of academic achievements which serves as a stress resistance resource of students of the youth age period

On the Complexity of Mechanisms and Consequences of Chromothripsis: An Update

In the present review, we focus on the phenomenon of chromothripsis, a new type of complex chromosomal rearrangements. We discuss the challenges of chromothripsis detection and its distinction from other chromoanagenesis events. Along with already known causes and mechanisms, we introduce aberrant epigenetic regulation as a possible pathway to chromothripsis. We address the issue of chromothripsis characteristics in cancers and benign tumours, as well as chromothripsis inheritance in cases of its occurrence in germ cells, zygotes and early embryos. Summarising the presented data on different phenotypic effect of chromothripsis, we assume that its consequences are most likely determined not by the chromosome shattering and reassembly themselves, but by the genome regions involved in the rearrangement

Computer Spatially Oriented Reconstruction of A 3D Heart Shape Based on Its Tomographic Imaging

Diagnostics of cardiovascular system conditions and diseases is considered the most important task of electrocardiology. The aim of the study is to define geometric parameters of the patient heart and the synthesis of a realistic three-dimensional heart image based on a series of two-dimensional images obtained by computer tomography. The preparation and further processing of medical image data is an important initial step for further study of the heart electrodynamic activity. The problem is solved with the help of computer tomography method by preparing a series of images of the patient heart. The technique of volumetric rendering is applied to represent certain anatomical structures in a three-dimensional (3D) graphical form. It is concluded that the character of the obtained three-dimensional model of the patient heart is determined by the quality of the input data, the resolution of the tomograph, the tomographic slice thickness, the accuracy of the object boundaries determining the segmentation process and the peculiarities of medical image processing by the software applied

STUDENT ATTITUDE TO ETHICAL CONSUMPTION AS NEW ECOLOGICAL PRACTICE

Purpose of the study: The aim of this article is to analyze the attitude of students to ethical consumption as a new environmental practice; to explore current research on ethical consumption. Methodology: The leading methods for the study of this problem are the methods of questioning and testing, allowing to make a qualitative analysis of the students' attitude to the new environmental practice – ethical consumption and contributing to a more detailed identification of such issues as: knowledge of students about ethical consumption; students' attitude to separate waste disposal; students' attitude to the use of environmental packaging products; identification of students' practices of secondary consumption. Results: The article deals with the theoretical and methodological foundations of the analysis of students' attitudes to ethical consumption as a new environmental practice. It is established that the level of students' awareness of ethical consumption is low. The proportion of informed students among social and humanities specialties is twice more than high as students of technical specialties. It is revealed that more than a third of respondents do not know about the production of environmentally friendly goods.  Almost all students are aware of the separate disposal of garbage and believe that it is necessary to install the appropriate bins. More than half of students are ready to sort garbage in the presence of such containers, and the readiness of humanitarians is 1.5 times higher than that of students of technical specialties. The main reasons why respondents would not buy goods in eco-friendly packaging are the lack of funds and the lack of sense for students. The majority of students believe the practice of secondary consumption to be popular one.  Applications of this study: The data obtained in the work can be used in environmental psychology, social psychology, pedagogy, the psychology of education, age psychology, sociology, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue. Novelty/Originality of this study: The originality of this article lies in the analysis of the social phenomenon of ethical consumption, which implies that only purchase and consumption of those goods, the production of which does not cause great harm to the environment, those goods in the production of which are not infringed the rights of the worker and moreover child labor is not used, and most importantly the recycling of waste after consumption of the product will not harm nature is ethical one

Cytogenomic Profile of Uterine Leiomyoma: In Vivo vs. In Vitro Comparison

We performed a comparative cytogenomic analysis of cultured and uncultured uterine leiomyoma (UL) samples. The experimental approach included karyotyping, aCGH, verification of the detected chromosomal abnormalities by metaphase and interphase FISH, MED12 mutation analysis and telomere measurement by Q-FISH. An abnormal karyotype was detected in 12 out of 32 cultured UL samples. In five karyotypically abnormal ULs, MED12 mutations were found. The chromosomal abnormalities in ULs were present mostly by complex rearrangements, including chromothripsis. In both karyotypically normal and abnormal ULs, telomeres were ~40% shorter than in the corresponding myometrium, being possibly prerequisite to chromosomal rearrangements. The uncultured samples of six karyotypically abnormal ULs were checked for the detected chromosomal abnormalities through interphase FISH with individually designed DNA probe sets. All chromosomal abnormalities detected in cultured ULs were found in corresponding uncultured samples. In all tumors, clonal spectra were present by the karyotypically abnormal cell clone/clones which coexisted with karyotypically normal ones, suggesting that chromosomal abnormalities acted as drivers, rather than triggers, of the neoplastic process. In vitro propagation did not cause any changes in the spectrum of the cell clones, but altered their ratio compared to uncultured sample. The alterations were unique for every UL. Compared to its uncultured counterpart, the frequency of chromosomally abnormal cells in the cultured sample was higher in some ULs and lower in others. To summarize, ULs are characterized by both inter- and intratumor genetic heterogeneity. Regardless of its MED12 status, a tumor may be comprised of clones with and without chromosomal abnormalities. In contrast to the clonal spectrum, which is unique and constant for each UL, the clonal frequency demonstrates up or down shifts under in vitro conditions, most probably determined by the unequal ability of cells with different genetic aberrations to exist outside the body

Comprehensive Studies of the Processes of the Molecular Transfer of the Momentum, Thermal Energy and Mass in the Nutrient Media of Biotechnological Industries

This article puts forward arguments in favor of the necessity of conducting complex measurements of molecular transport coefficients that quantitatively determine the coefficients of dynamic viscosity, thermal diffusivity and molecular diffusion. The rheological studies have been carried out on the viscometers of two types: those with a rolling ball (HÖPPLER® KF 3.2.), and those with a rotary one (Rheotest RN 4.1.). The thermophysical studies have been performed using the analyzer Hot Disk TPS 2500S. The measurements have been taken in the temperature range of 283 to 363 K. The concentration of dry substances has varied from 16.2 to 77.7% dry wt. An empirical equation for calculating the density of aqueous solutions of beet molasses has been obtained. The diagrams of the dependence of the dynamic viscosity on the shear rate in the range of 1 s-1 to 500 s-1 at different temperatures have been provided. The diagrams of the dependence of the coefficients of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity on the temperature and the concentration of dry substances have been presented, and empirical equations for their calculation have been obtained. The findings can be used for engineering calculations of hydrodynamic and heat-exchange processes in biotechnological equipment

Two groups of phenylalanine biosynthetic operon leader peptides genes: a high level of apparently incidental frameshifting in decoding Escherichia coli pheL

The bacterial pheL gene encodes the leader peptide for the phenylalanine biosynthetic operon. Translation of pheL mRNA controls transcription attenuation and, consequently, expression of the downstream pheA gene. Fifty-three unique pheL genes have been identified in sequenced genomes of the gamma subdivision. There are two groups of pheL genes, both of which are short and contain a run(s) of phenylalanine codons at an internal position. One group is somewhat diverse and features different termination and 5′-flanking codons. The other group, mostly restricted to Enterobacteria and including Escherichia coli pheL, has a conserved nucleotide sequence that ends with UUC_CCC_UGA. When these three codons in E. coli pheL mRNA are in the ribosomal E-, P- and A-sites, there is an unusually high level, 15%, of +1 ribosomal frameshifting due to features of the nascent peptide sequence that include the penultimate phenylalanine. This level increases to 60% with a natural, heterologous, nascent peptide stimulator. Nevertheless, studies with different tRNAPro mutants in Salmonella enterica suggest that frameshifting at the end of pheL does not influence expression of the downstream pheA. This finding of incidental, rather than utilized, frameshifting is cautionary for other studies of programmed frameshifting