Characteristics of loyal customers for trade chains in the German food retailing

In this paper customer loyalty will be examined with the help of budget ratios (budget shares). We address the question whether sociodemographic groups differ in their shopping behavior and their store loyalty. Loyalty is analyzed with regard to the ten largest food retail chains in Germany in 2002. It is shown that the loyalty of customers depends on the lifecycle stage of the household and household size for the most part. Older and single households are more loyal than younger families.customer loyalty, food retail chains, store choice, budget ratio., Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

A HAZARD ANALYSIS OF CONSUMERS’ SWITCHING BEHAVIOUR IN GERMAN FOOD RETAILING FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS

German food retailing is characterized by fierce competition among retail chains for consumer shopping. This paper considers the switching behaviour using data of white dairy product purchases. The empirical investigation uses a survival analysis approach, in particular hazard analysis. The results extend the knowledge of shopping behaviour by providing a new set of explaining variables and the importance of the first store, defined as store with the major share of household budget, becomes apparent. On average, households buy dairy products 42 times per year. Thereof 58 % are retail chain switches and in 41 % of all cases the households remain at the previously visited retail chain. Generally a low customer loyalty is visible in this investigation. It is shown that switching behaviour is widely influenced - amongst others - by percentage of private label products, percentage of special offers and price consciousness.switching behaviour, store choice, store loyalty, hazard analysis, food retailing, Geschäftsstättenwahl, Geschäftsstättenwechsel, Einkaufsverhalten, Hazard Analyse, Lebensmitteleinzelhandel, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Industrial Organization,

The voyages and travells of the ambassadors sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia : begun in the year M.DC.XXXIII. and finish'd in M.DC.XXXIX : containing a compleat history of Muscovy, Tartary, Persia, and other adjacent countries : with several publick transactions reaching near the present times : in VII books : whereto are added the Travels of John Albert de Mandelslo (a gentleman belonging to the Embassay) from Persia, into the East-Indies ... in III books ...

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1900239~S1*es

Kiri J. Fr. Mayer`ile, Leipzig

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1898794~S1*es

Baltischer kulturhistorischer Bilderatlas

Digiteeritud Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fondi rahastusel, projekti "Eesti teadus- ja õppekirjandus" (2014-2020.12.03.21-0848) raames.https://www.ester.ee/record=b3666367*es

Convex-hull mass estimates of the dodo (Raphus cucullatus): application of a CT-based mass estimation technique

The external appearance of the dodo (Raphus cucullatus, Linnaeus, 1758) has been a source of considerable intrigue, as contemporaneous accounts or depictions are rare. The body mass of the dodo has been particularly contentious, with the flightless pigeon alternatively reconstructed as slim or fat depending upon the skeletal metric used as the basis for mass prediction. Resolving this dichotomy and obtaining a reliable estimate for mass is essential before future analyses regarding dodo life history, physiology or biomechanics can be conducted. Previous mass estimates of the dodo have relied upon predictive equations based upon hind limb dimensions of extant pigeons. Yet the hind limb proportions of dodo have been found to differ considerably from those of their modern relatives, particularly with regards to midshaft diameter. Therefore, application of predictive equations to unusually robust fossil skeletal elements may bias mass estimates. We present a whole-body computed tomography (CT) -based mass estimation technique for application to the dodo. We generate 3D volumetric renders of the articulated skeletons of 20 species of extant pigeons, and wrap minimum-fit ‘convex hulls’ around their bony extremities. Convex hull volume is subsequently regressed against mass to generate predictive models based upon whole skeletons. Our best-performing predictive model is characterized by high correlation coefficients and low mean squared error (a=−2.31,b=0.90,r2=0.97, MSE=0.0046). When applied to articulated composite skeletons of the dodo (National Museums Scotland, NMS.Z.1993.13; Natural History Museum, NHMUK A.9040 and S/1988.50.1), we estimate eviscerated body masses of 8–10.8 kg. When accounting for missing soft tissues, this may equate to live masses of 10.6–14.3 kg. Mass predictions presented here overlap at the lower end of those previously published, and support recent suggestions of a relatively slim dodo. CT-based reconstructions provide a means of objectively estimating mass and body segment properties of extinct species using whole articulated skeletons

Zwo Christliche Glocken-Predigten/ Als Zwey vormahls schadhaffte/ und durch Göttliche Verleihung glücklich umbgegossene Glocken/ Der Kirchen zu Unser L. Frauen in Hall/ zum ersten mahl wieder geleutet/ Und Darauf mit Gottes Wort und Gebet zu unterschiednen mahlen eingeweihet worden

Von Gottfrido Oleario, S. Th. D. Superintendente, Ministerii Seniore, Pastore Mariano & Gymnasii Inspectore, Und M. Joh. Gottfrido Oleario, Besagter Kirchen Diacono, gehalten/ Nachmahls/ auff vieler gut- und frommer Hertzen Begehren/ zu wohlgemeynten Andencken in Druck gegebenVorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Hall und Weißenfels/ In Verlegung Johann Melchior Wogauen/ 1675. Druckts Joh. Brühl/ Gymn. Augusti Buchdr.Text dt.Enth. außerdem: Andere Christliche Glocken-Predigt/ Aus dem 25. vers. des X. Capitels Der Epistel S. Pauli an die Hebreer/ Bey ersten Leuten und Einweihung der Neumbsgegossenen/ mercklich verstärckten/ auch glücklich wieder auffgezognen Vesper-Glocken : Vor-wohl-gemeldter Kirchen zur Lieben Frauen zu Hall ; Den 7. Augusti, 1674. in einer gewöhlichen Freytags-Vesper ... gehalten / Von M. Joh. Gottfrid. Oleari