COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POVERTY AND INCOME INEQUALITY AMONG FOOD CROP AND LIVESTOCK FARMERS IN ILESA METROPOLIS, OSUN STATE

The study focus on the living conditions of respondents in the study area determine their poverty level and examine the existence of income inequality among farmers in the study area A multistage random sampling was used to select the 150 respondents from the two Local Governments Areas a well structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the farmers Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics Gini coefficient and FGT poverty ratio Majority of the farmers are male and the mean age for food crop livestock and mixed farmers are 51years 50years and 49 years respectively Household size of 5 members or less is generally above average in the study area Livestock farmers accounted for the highest value respondents without formal education i e 32 5 percent most of the farmers are educated While personal savings and cooperative sociteis are the major source of fund for agricultural production in the study area commercial banks are least patronized for funding in the 3 categories of farm practices Result of the living condition of the respondents reveals that 58 3 percent of the mixed farmers lived in family house while 20 percent of livestock farmers lived in their personal apartment While 62 percent of crop farmers uses pit latrine for faecal disposal 13 3 percent of mixed farmers used water closet Majority of the respondents sourced their water from dug well only 1 7 percent of those engaged in mixed farming sourced water from government provision of pipe borne water The result showed that the moderate poverty line are 1 222 86 1566 45 and 1381 26 for food crop farmers livestock farmers and farmers that engage in mixed farming respectively while the core poor are 611 43 783 22 and 690 63 for the three group of farmer

Assessment of consumer acceptance of kilishi of African carp (Labeo coubie Rueppell) and Elephant snout (Hyperopisus bebe occidentalis, Guenther)

This study was carried out to assess consumers' acceptance of kilishi prepared from Labeo coubie and Hyperopisus bebe occidentalis in Sokoto. The organoleptic properties (texture, odour, taste and flavour) of kilishi in its fresh form and under storage for 16 weeks were determined. The mean scores for the organoleptic assessment (6.90 and 7.19 for kilishi of Labeo and Hyperopisus respectively) showed that fish kilishi was highly acceptable. Hyperopisus kilishi recorded slightly higher mean scores for the tested organoleptic properties. The declining pattern of the sensory assessment scores with length of storage indicated that the optimum storage period under the room temperature for kilishi made from the experimental fish species in the study area was 6-8 weeks. Further research on appropriate storage methods is desirable. However, preparation of fish kilishi could be explored as alternative preservation technique to reduce fish spoilage especially during the glut in supply and to diversify fish product

Anthropogenic Pollution Impact on Microbial Contamination of Lake Kivu, Rwanda

Investigation of the anthropogenic pollution impact on microbial contamination of Lake Kivu, Rwanda was carried out in Gisenyi, Kibuye and Cyangugu over a period of 24 months. Total coliforms (TC), total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and fecal coliforms (FC) counts were monitored. Indicator bacteria were enumerated by membrane filtration while pathogenic bacteria were recovered by broth enrichment of water samples. Microbial load did not differ significantly with season and locations but fecal coliform (FC) had positive significant correlation (r = 0.36*; P < 0.05) with season. Mean total coliform (TC) (cfu/100 ml) was highest 7.7 × 105 at Gisenyi and lowest 1.7 × 105 at Cyangugu. These values exceeded the zero faecal coliforms counts/100 ml recommended by WHO for water considered safe for human consumption. Total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), fecal coliforms (FC), total coliforms (TC) and Fecal streptococcus (FS) were widespread with abnormally high values at the sampling locations, signifying poor water quality. Microbial isolates from the water samples were of wide range of groups, and their occurrence and distribution varied from location to location. Bacillus sp., E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus sp. were the dominant microbial species in the lake water. The microbial quality of the water was poor, suggesting contamination of the lake water by animals and human domestic wastes and other anthropogenic activities, such as laundry, swimming, farming, transportation, etc. The lake water is unfit for human domestic use without any form of treatment

Palynology study of some honey samples from lbadan, Nigeria

XV lnternational A.P.L.E. Symposium of Palynolog

Simulation, analysis, and mass-transport optimization in PEMFCs

textIn this dissertation, we present two major lines of numerical investigation based on a control-volume approach to solve coupled, nonlinear differential equations. The first model is developed to provide better understanding of the water management in PEMFC operating at less than 100ºC, under transient conditions. The model provides explanations for the observed differences between hydration and dehydration time constants during load change. When there is liquid water at the cathode catalyst layer, the time constant of the water content in the membrane is closely tied to that of liquid water saturation in the cathode catalyst layer, as the vapor is already saturated. The water content in the membrane will not reach steady state as long as the liquid water flow in the cathode catalyst layer is not at steady state. The second model is to optimize the morphological properties of HT-PEMFCs components so as to keep water generated as close as possible to the membrane to help reduce ionic resistance and thereby increase cell performance. Humidification of the feed gas at room temperature is shown to have minimal effects on the ionic resistance of the membrane used in the HT-PEMFC. Feed gases must be humidified at higher temperature to have effects on the ionic resistance. However, humidification at such higher temperatures will require complex system design and additional power consumption. It is, therefore, important to keep the water generated by the electrochemical reaction as close as possible to the membrane to hydration the membrane so as to reduce the ionic resistance and thereby increase cell performance. The use of cathode MPL helps keep the water generated close to the membrane and decreasing the MPL porosity and pore size will increase the effectiveness of the MPL in keep the water generated close to the membrane. The optimum value of the MPL porosity depends on the operating conditions of the cell. Similarly, decreasing the GDL porosity helps keep water close to the membrane and the optimum value of the GDL porosity depends on the operating conditions of the cell.Mechanical Engineerin

Microbiological index of water pollution in Lake Kivu, Rwanda

Investigation of the microbiological purity of Lake Kivu as index of water pollution was carried out in Gisenyi, Kibuye and Cyangugu over a period of 24 months. Microbial load did not differ significantly with season and locations but Fecal Coliform (FC) had positive significant correlation (r = 0.36; p<0.05) with season. Mean Total Coliform (TC) (cfu/100ml) was highest 7.7 x 105 in Gisenyi and lowest 1.7 x 105 at Cyangugu. These values exceeded the 5000 colony forming units/100ml recommended by WHO for public surface water supplies. Total heterotrophic bacterial (THB), FC, TC and Fecal streptococcus (FS) were widespread with abnormally high values in the sampling locations signifying poor water quality. Microbial isolates from the water samples were of wide range of groups and their occurrence and distribution varied from location to location. Bacillus sp, E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus sp were the cosmopolitan microbial species in the lake water. The microbial quality of the water was poor rendering it unsafe for domestic purposes without treatment and this was largely caused by direct contamination of the lake by animals and human domestic wastes

The Role of International Donors in Aquaculture Development in Africa

Aquaculture, one of the fastest food production sectors in the world, has received and continues to receive funding from international donors and funding agencies since its introduction in Africa. The sector plays a key role in many emerging economies because of its potential to contribute to increased food production and at the same time help reduce pressure on fish resources. In spite of huge natural resources and a high demand for fish and fishery products, aquaculture production in Africa has yet to catch up with major players globally. Increased aquaculture production is hoped will greatly complement current efforts aimed at achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, reduction in child mortality, improvement of maternal health, prevention of diseases, promotion of gender equity and women empowerment. Africa however is the only region of the world where the present level of per capita fish consumption has declined over the past decades as populations grow. Researchers have adduced reasons for the setback to the development of Africa aquaculture. The unanswered question however is “Has donors’ support further the course of aquaculture development in Africa?