Zöldtetők fejlesztési kérdései és lehetőségei a fenntarthatóság jegyében

Napjaink nagyvárosi zöldfelületeinek tárgyalásakor immár nem lehet fi gyelmen kívül hagyni a zöldtetőket (www.greenroofs.com). A zöldtetők defi níciójuk szerint olyan tetők, tetőelemek, amelyek vegetációval borítottak és szerkezetük szervesen integrálódik az épületszerkezetbe (vagyis ha például egy teraszt teljesen beborítunk cserepes növényekkel, attól az még nem lesz zöldtető). A zöldtetők legnagyobb előnye paradox módon nem az, amelyet a városi zöldfelület jelent, vagyis hogy lazítja a város szerkezetét, redukálja a negatív klimatikus hatásokat, illetve helyet ad a rekreációnak, hanem éppen ellenkezőleg, mint tetőtípus az adott épületre illetve annak szerkezetére és belső klímájára hat leginkább

Determination of DDT and its metabolites in soil, tree bark and earthworm samples near the Budapest chemical works

An abandoned industrial site of the former Budapest Chemical Works (BVM) company has been found to contain 2000-3000 tonnes of leaking industrial waste and dangerous chemicals in corroded barrels on bare ground. The waste lot includes general industrial reagents and intermediates, some 100-200 tonnes of sulphuric acid, several hundred tonnes of 1.2 dichlorobenzene and isopropanol, and numerous other substances falling into toxicity categories from toxic to very toxic or carcinogenic, such as dinitrobenzoic acid, as well as chemical wastes from the pesticide production of the company. BVM used to manufacture numerous pesticide active ingredients, including chlorinated hydrocarbons. Thus, it produced the insecticide DDT in large quantities until the ban of the compound in 1968 and derogated approval for sales until 1974. The premises of the company has been reported previously to be contaminated, therefore, in the scope of our pesticide residue monitoring surveys between 2015 and 2019, we carried out sampling in its immediate vicinity. In our study, soil (8 samples), surface water (2 samples), tree bark (Robinia pseudoacacia, Sambucus nigra, Populus nigra) and common reed (Phragmites australis, (6 samples), as well as earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris; 1 sample) sampled next to BVM were analyzed for DDT and metabolite (~DDT) levels. Exceedingly high ~DDT levels above the accepted limit (0.1 mg/kg) were detected in soil samples: nearly 1.5 mg/kg in one sample and 0.11-0.484 mg/kg in other 5 cases. Among the biological samples (tree bark, common reed and earthworm) 0.184 and 0.190 mg/kg concentrations of ~DDT were determined in a black poplar and in an earthworm sample. These findings indicate that the wellknown persistency problem related to chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, particularly to DDT remains actual to our days

Insomnia és elalvást segítő szokások felmérése felnőttek körében | Insomnia and habits to help to fall asleep among adults

Absztrakt Bevezetés: Az alvásminőséget számos tényező befolyásolhatja, az insomnia pedig hatással van az egészségi állapotra. Célkitűzés: Kutatásunk célja felmérni az insomnia gyakoriságát és hatásait, az alvást befolyásoló tényezőket és az elalvást segítő szokásokat felnőttek körében. Módszer: Az adatfelvétel országosan online és a dél-dunántúli régióban papíron történt, 455 felnőtt töltötte ki a kérdőívet, amelynek része az Athén Insomnia Skála. Eredmények: A vizsgálatban részt vevők 13,4%-a insomniás. Az insomniát (átlagpont: 5,08) befolyásolja a táplálkozás minősége (p<0,001), a kávéfogyasztás (p = 0,045) és a sport (p = 0,011), továbbá összefüggésben van a krónikus betegségek (p = 0,001) és a pszichoszomatikus panaszok gyakoriságával (p<0,001). Az alvászavar leggyakoribb okai: munkahelyi stressz (35,6%), magánéleti stressz (35,4%) és fájdalom (24,2%). Akik a magánéleti stresszt (p = 0,001) és fájdalmat (p = 0,033) jelölték oknak, rosszabbul alszanak. Elalvási problémák esetén alkalmazott leggyakoribb szokások a tévénézés, az olvasás; a válaszadók 7,5%-a alkalmaz altatószert és 11,4%-a gyógyteát. Következtetések: Kutatásunkkal felhívjuk a figyelmet az insomnia gyakoriságára, hatásaira és az elalvást segítő lehetőségekre. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(49), 1955–1959. | Abstract Introduction: The quality of sleep can be influenced by several factors, insomnia in turn has an effect on the state of health. Aim: The aim of our survey is to measure the effects of insomnia, furthermore, the sleep affecting agents and habits to help to fall asleep among adults. Method: We collected the online nationwide and the written datas from the South-Transdanubia region, 455 adults filled the questionnaire which contains the Athens Insomnia Scale. Results: 13.4% of participants has insomnia, it is influenced by the quality of diet (p<0.001), comsumption of coffee (p = 0.045) and the physical activity (p = 0.011), what is more in correlation with the prevalency of chronic deseases (p = 0.001) and psychosomatic symptoms (p<0.001). The most frequent causes of sleep disorders are: work-related stress (35.6%), personal-life stress (35.4%) and pain (24.2%). In case of dormition problems most of the participants watch television (52.1%) and read (33%); 7.5% and 11.4% of the responders use sleeping pills and tisane. Conclusions: We attract attention to the prevalency and effects of insomnia, and the habits to help to fall asleep. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(49), 1955–1959

The correlation between the urban heat island and the different land use types

In the following study the local climate modifying impact of the man modified environment is to be discussed in detail. Such studies have come in demand nowadays, since the meteorological forecasts have just recently become detailed and accurate enough for this purpose. Furthermore the number and extension of huge sized artificial areas has also radically increased. The appearance of these highly diversified artificial surfaces to such an extent can modulate the local climate so significantly that it can not be neglected. However, at the same time this extreme diversity of the surfaces and materials makes it very hard to analyse the impacts made on the urban climate, and it eventuates a very complex climate system. This makes forecasting very difficult. In this study the Urban Heat Island (UHI) will be discussed as a case study. The examined area of this study is an inner district of Budapest. The phenomena of the UHI has been well known for about 200 years, but nowadays its impact can be so great in huge cities that it is high time to discuss it as fully as possible. There are many purposes of such studies, and there are basically two groups of these. In the first case the improved meteorological forecast is the purpose. This means that a so called ‘urban’ factor is also calculated on, which factor can be added to the value of the ordinary meteorological forecast. This can be very important especially when extreme weather occurs, for example when forecasting extreme heatwaves in cities. The other momentous purpose is providing feedback. This means that by understanding the artificial factors causing the UHI, a method can be provided for urban planning in order to decrease this phenomenon as much as possible

Comparison of speckle-tracking echocardiography with invasive hemodynamics for the detection of characteristic cardiac dysfunction in type-1 and type-2 diabetic rat models

BACKGROUND: Measurement of systolic and diastolic function in animal models is challenging by conventional non-invasive methods. Therefore, we aimed at comparing speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE)-derived parameters to the indices of left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume (PV) analysis to detect cardiac dysfunction in rat models of type-1 (T1DM) and type-2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Rat models of T1DM (induced by 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, n = 8) and T2DM (32-week-old Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats, n = 7) and corresponding control animals (n = 5 and n = 8, respectively) were compared. Echocardiography and LV PV analysis were performed. LV short-axis recordings were used for STE analysis. Global circumferential strain, peak strain rate values in systole (SrS), isovolumic relaxation (SrIVR) and early diastole (SrE) were measured. LV contractility, active relaxation and stiffness were measured by PV analysis. RESULTS: In T1DM, contractility and active relaxation were deteriorated to a greater extent compared to T2DM. In contrast, diastolic stiffness was impaired in T2DM. Correspondingly, STE described more severe systolic dysfunction in T1DM. Among diastolic STE parameters, SrIVR was more decreased in T1DM, however, SrE was more reduced in T2DM. In T1DM, SrS correlated with contractility, SrIVR with active relaxation, while in T2DM SrE was related to cardiac stiffness, cardiomyocyte diameter and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Strain and strain rate parameters can be valuable and feasible measures to describe the dynamic changes in contractility, active relaxation and LV stiffness in animal models of T1DM and T2DM. STE corresponds to PV analysis and also correlates with markers of histological myocardial remodeling

Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity correlates with left ventricular contractility during the progression of pressure overload-induced left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy in rats

L