Investigating the relationship between brand image and profitability

The aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between brand image and profitability in the case of a cosmetics and skincare store. This research focuses on what effect brand image can have on a store’s economic income, from three aspects. A qualitative method was used to gain information, A questionnaire is the most important research form in this research project. Brand image is an external manifestation of enterprise spiritual culture; the intangible assets of an enterprise, so the store should establish a high degree of brand image. Based on the research result, brand image could be enhanced by strengthening brand management, optimising brand design and attaching importance to product and service quality

Serum malondialdehyde concentration, rectal temperature and excitability score in road transported rams administered with vitamins C + E combination and vitamin C

Experiment was done to investigate the effect of administration of vitamin C + E and vitamin C alone on serum malondialdehyde concentration, rectal temperature and excitability score in road transported rams. On experimental day, 7 rams (Group 1)were administered with vitamin C at the dose of 250 rug/kg dissolved in 10 ml of water and also vitamin E at the dose of 75 mg/kg, per os while another 7 rams (Group 2) was administered with vitamin C (250 mg/kg) only. The 3rd groups (7 rams), the control, were administered with 10 ml of sterile water. The RT was taken at 07:00,13:00 and 18:00 h, a total offive times, twice in a week and during the journey, at 1h, 4h and 8h, and also three consecutive day's post-transportation. Blood samples were taken a day before transportation, immediately after, on arrival and a 3 days after transportation in which the serum was harvested for MDA determination. Excitability scores was recorded before loading into the vehicle, and immediately after unloading. The results indicated that the rectal temperature (RT) value was lowest at 07:00 hr in the Group 1, and even maintained 13:00 hr which was significantly (P < 0,05) different. The RT value fluctuates during the journey however this values in group 1 and group 2. was not significantly (P > 0.05) different. The serum malondialdehyde concentration value rose in the first hour (2.13 ± 0.51 ng/ml) of the journey to 2.43 ± 0.22 ug/ml in the 8th hour in control group, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the values in the other groups. In conclusion, road transportation of ram is stressful but this was reduced 3- days post-transportation and also administration of antioxidants vitamins VE +VC, and VC, alleviated adverse effect of road transportation stress in rams.Keyword: Serum malondialdehyde, rectal temperature, excitability score, road transported ram, vitamin C vitamin E

Evaluation of whole genome sequencing for outbreak detection of Salmonella enterica

Salmonella enterica is a common cause of minor and large food borne outbreaks. To achieve successful and nearly 'real-time' monitoring and identification of outbreaks, reliable sub-typing is essential. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) shows great promises for using as a routine epidemiological typing tool. Here we evaluate WGS for typing of S. Typhimurium including different approaches for analyzing and comparing the data. A collection of 34 S. Typhimurium isolates was sequenced. This consisted of 18 isolates from six outbreaks and 16 epidemiologically unrelated background strains. In addition, 8 S. Enteritidis and 5 S. Derby were also sequenced and used for comparison. A number of different bioinformatics approaches were applied on the data; including pan-genome tree, k-mer tree, nucleotide difference tree and SNP tree. The outcome of each approach was evaluated in relation to the association of the isolates to specific outbreaks. The pan-genome tree clustered 65% of the S. Typhimurium isolates according to the pre-defined epidemiology, the k-mer tree 88%, the nucleotide difference tree 100% and the SNP tree 100% of the strains within S. Typhimurium. The resulting outcome of the four phylogenetic analyses were also compared to PFGE revealing that WGS typing achieved the greater performance than the traditional method. In conclusion, for S. Typhimurium, SNP analysis and nucleotide difference approach of WGS data seem to be the superior methods for epidemiological typing compared to other phylogenetic analytic approaches that may be used on WGS. These approaches were also superior to the more classical typing method, PFGE. Our study also indicates that WGS alone is insufficient to determine whether strains are related or un-related to outbreaks. This still requires the combination of epidemiological data and whole genome sequencing results

Gender differences in the use of transportation services to community rehabilitation programs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prevention and reduction of disability among community-dwelling older adults have been an important health policy concern in Japan. Moreover, it has also become a gendered issue due to the recent rapid growth in older females than males with disability living in their own homes. The aim of this study is to examine whether there is a gender difference in the use of community rehabilitation programs in Japan, and if so, whether the lack of transportation services and accompanying caregivers are the reasons for the gender difference.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study was based on surveys of the program administrators and the primary caregivers of the program participants from 55 randomly selected community rehabilitation programs (CRP) in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Questions included sociodemographic characteristics of program participants, types of transportation services provided by the CRP, caregiver's relationship to participant, and the nature of family support. Bivariate statistical analysis was conducted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although there were more females than males with disability residing in communities, our findings showed that females were less likely to use CRP than males (1.3% and 2.3%, respectively; <it>X</it>²= 93.0, p < 0.0001). Lower CRP use by females was related to lower availability of transportation services (36% without transportation service and 46% door-to-door services) and fewer caregivers accompanying the participants to CRP.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study builds on previous research findings, which suggest gender inequality in access to CRP.</p

Development and Quality of Barley Husk Adhesion Correlates With Changes in Caryopsis Cuticle Biosynthesis and Composition

The caryopses of barley become firmly adhered to the husk during grain development through a cuticular cementing layer on the caryopsis surface. The degree of this attachment varies among cultivars, with poor quality adhesion causing “skinning”, an economically significant grain quality defect for the malting industry. Malting cultivars encompassing a range of husk adhesion qualities were grown under a misting treatment known to induce skinning. Development of the cementing layer was examined by electron microscopy and compositional changes of the cementing layer were investigated with gas-chromatography followed by mass spectroscopy. Changes in gene expression during adhesion development were examined with a custom barley microarray. The abundance of transcripts involved early in cuticular lipid biosynthesis, including those encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and all four members of the fatty acid elongase complex of enzymes, was significantly higher earlier in caryopsis development than later. Genes associated with subsequent cuticular lipid biosynthetic pathways were also expressed higher early in development, including the decarbonylation and reductive pathways, and sterol biosynthesis. Changes in cuticular composition indicate that lowered proportions of alkanes and higher proportions of fatty acids are associated with development of good quality husk adhesion, in addition to higher proportions of sterols

Numerical Model‐Software for Predicting Rock Formation Failure‐Time Using Fracture Mechanics

Real‐time integrated drilling is an important practice for the upstream petroleum industry. Traditional pre‐drill models, tend to offset the data gathered from the field since information obtained prior to spudding and drilling of new wells often become obsolete due to the changes in geology and geomechanics of reservoir‐rocks or formations. Estimating the complicated non‐linear failure‐time of a rock formation is a difficult but important task that helps to mitigate the effects of rock failure when drilling and producing wells from the subsurface. In this study, parameters that have the strongest impact on rock failure were used to develop a numerical and computational model for evaluating wellbore instability in terms of collapse, fracture, rock strength and failure‐time. This approach presents drilling and well engineers with a better understanding of the fracture mechanics and rock strength failureprediction procedure required to reduce stability problems by forecasting the rock/formation failuretime. The computational technique built into the software, uses the stress distribution around a rock formation as well as the rock’s responses to induced stress as a means of analyzing the failure time of the rock. The results from simulation show that the applied stress has the most significant influence on the failure‐time of the rock. The software also shows that the failure‐time varied over several orders of magnitude for varying stress‐loads. Thus, this will help drilling engineers avoid wellbore failure by adjusting the stress concentration properly through altering the mud pressure and well orientation with respect to in‐situ stresses. As observed from the simulation results for the failure time analysis, the trend shows that the time dependent strength failure is not just a function of the applied stress. Because, at applied stress of 6000–6050 psi there was time dependent failure whereas, at higher applied stress of 6350–6400 psi there was no time dependent strength failure