Steel Work Design and Analysis of a Manual Lawn Mower

Abstract: This work presented the design and construction of a manually powered lawn mower as well as the stress analysis of the blade. The solid model of the lawn mower design was done using Solid works software. The materials utilized for the construction were selected following standard material selection processes. The required cutting speed was achieved by proper gear arrangement which transferred the rational motion of the wheels to the blade, consequently increasing the speed by about 300%. The average cutting capacity of the lawn mower is 62.48 m2/hr. The stress analysis on the blade using the simulation tool of the solid works software gave a maximum von mises stress that is 252 times less than the yield strength of the blade material. Also, a maximum deformation of 0.00271mm obtained from the analysis is quite infinitesimal hence, the blade can withstand both stress and deformation resulting from the cutting operation. Keywords: grass, lawn mower, blade, cutting speed, cutting capacity. Title: Steel Work Design and Analysis of a Manual Lawn Mower Author: Okolie Paul C, Sylvester Emeka Abonyi, Okolie Uchenna Onyebuchi, Chikelue Edward Ochiagha International Journal of Novel Research in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering ISSN 2394-9678 Vol. 11, Issue 1, September 2023 - August 2024 Page No: 14-23 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published Date: 22-September-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8369633 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Steel%20Work%20Design%20and%20Analysis-22092023-4.pdfInternational Journal of Novel Research in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, ISSN 2394-9678, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.co

MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF WATER-JET TRANSPORT PHENOMENON IN FIRE SERVICE

A model is developed that will allow the fireman to stand as far back as possible from a collapsing wall of a storey building while directing a water jet into a window of the burning building. The variables in the model are therefore, the initial angle (α) and the distance of the fireman from the wall (x). Data collected from Imo State Fire Service, Nigeria, were used in validating the model. The model gives 60o as an optimum initial water jet angle to the horizontal. With 60o as the initial angle, the optimum distance is dependent on the initial velocity of the gun. This can be applied in a burning storey building that is in the risk of collapsing anywhere in the world. The optimum distance from the wall must satisfy equation (10). The work enables the fireman to know a particular point to stand near the building with respect to initial velocity of water fountain and its initial tilt to the horizontal

Kinetic Modeling of Mango Fruit Ripening

In this work, three stages of mango ripening (mango ripening, ethylene inducement, rotting) are modelled kinetically. Data for mango ripening are obtained from internet, and are used to perform regression analysis of the kinetic models developed. It is seen that the results show linear relationship between concentrations and conversion for all the chemical components in all the models (fig. 1a, 2a, 3a). Also the results of the concentration-time relationship are highly non-linear (fig. 1b, 2b and 3b). The reciprocal of the reaction rates varies non-linearly with conversion: profile of ethylene inducement and rotting rise exponentially while that of mango ripening falls non-linearly. The result of this study will help those dealing with fruits in orchard during harvesting and post harvest handling

THE EXPLAINABILITY OF GRADIENT-BOOSTED DECISION TREES FOR DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (DEM) ERROR PREDICTION

Gradient boosted decision trees (GBDTs) have repeatedly outperformed several machine learning and deep learning algorithms in competitive data science. However, the explainability of GBDT predictions especially with earth observation data is still an open issue requiring more focus by researchers. In this study, we investigate the explainability of Bayesian-optimised GBDT algorithms for modelling and prediction of the vertical error in Copernicus GLO-30 digital elevation model (DEM). Three GBDT algorithms are investigated (extreme gradient boosting - XGBoost, light boosting machine – LightGBM, and categorical boosting – CatBoost), and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are adopted for the explainability analysis. The assessment sites are selected from urban/industrial and mountainous landscapes in Cape Town, South Africa. Training datasets are comprised of eleven predictor variables which are known influencers of elevation error: elevation, slope, aspect, surface roughness, topographic position index, terrain ruggedness index, terrain surface texture, vector roughness measure, forest cover, bare ground cover, and urban footprints. The target variable (elevation error) was calculated with respect to accurate airborne LiDAR. After model training and testing, the GBDTs were applied for predicting the elevation error at model implementation sites. The SHAP plots showed varying levels of emphasis on the parameters depending on the land cover and terrain. For example, in the urban area, the influence of vector ruggedness measure surpassed that of first-order derivatives such as slope and aspect. Thus, it is recommended that machine learning modelling procedures and workflows incorporate model explainability to ensure robust interpretation and understanding of model predictions by both technical and non-technical users

Visualisation of Uncertainty in 30m Resolution Global Digital Elevation Models: SRTM v3.0 and ASTER v2

Geospatial visualisation presents us with innovative techniques of assessing uncertainty in digital elevation datasets. It gives the viewer immediate feedback on potential problems and heightens understanding of effects not easily appreciated when dealing with numerical statistics only. This study evaluated the performance of 30-metre resolution SRTM version 3.0 and ASTER GDEM version 2 over Lagos, Nigeria. Both datasets were examined by direct comparison with 176 highly accurate Ground Control Points (GCPs) coordinated by GPS (Global Positioning System) observation. The basis of comparison was on the elevation differences between the Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and the GCPs at coincident points. The performance of both DEMs was visualised in 2D and 3D space by comparing pixel values and surface models. In the assessment, the absolute vertical accuracies of SRTM v3.0 and ASTER v2 are 4.23m and 28.73m respectively. The accuracy of SRTM for the study site proved to be higher than the value of 16m presented in the original SRTM requirement specification. ASTER did not meet up with its 17m overall accuracy specification.KEYWORDS: Uncertainty, Visualisation, Digital Elevation Model, SRTM, ASTER

Modeling The Mechanism Of Carbon Capture And Sequestration (Ccs) In A System

Rate of carbon sequestration or annual uptake was modeled. Data from Mississippi Delta, ponderosa pine and black walnut, all in USA were used to validate the models. The co-relations of these models for these three sources of data were very high, suggesting that carbon sequestration is modelable and predictable provided that there is a perfect experimental method to capture and sequester the carbon compound with time. This work is a stepping stone to solving carbon capture and sequestration problem of our planet earth. Through a global engineering and technology it is feasible

Okonkwo’s Reincarnation: A Comparison of Achebe’s \u3cem\u3eThings Fall Apart\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eNo Longer at Ease\u3c/em\u3e

Abstract: The reincarnation myth is a global concept, founded basically in religion and tradition. It was especially vibrant in the ancient times in places like Egypt, Greece, and in continents like Asia and Africa, which possess varying understandings of the myth. In Igbo tradition, for example, it is believed that reincarnation occurs within a family. And that some of the marks of reincarnation are usually the possession of the birthmark or certain other physical features and the exhibition of character and behavioral traits of a deceased person by a living member of his/her immediate or extended family. Thus, reincarnation entails the return to life of a deceased person in a new body. Sometimes, revenge is the mission of a reincarnated body. Bearing other reincarnation intentions in view, we study Achebe’s Okonkwo as one who falls within this category of reincarnation for revenge, having reincarnated through the body of his grandson Obi in No Longer at Ease to avenge himself against Umuofia and to suffer his son Nwoye, who now fathers him as Obi, for perhaps having had the effrontery to have left him and his ancestral tradition for the religion of the white man

Chemical Composition and Modeling of the Functions of Termitarium

The work was carried out in Fugro Consultants Nigeria Limited, Port Harcourt. It was the identification, extraction and characterization of chemical compounds responsible for making termination. The results showed that termitarium contains 11.6 (g/kg) of TOM; 15.9 (mg/kg) of Magnesium, 11690 (mg/kg) of iron and 23.3 (mg/kg) of extractable chloride which are responsible for structural stability of termitarium. The result also revealed that increase of clay content enhances the structural stability of termitarium. % water absorbed Vs time(s) for control and termitarium, mean number of seedings Vs time (days) for control and termitarium, gave their R-square (correlation coefficient) as 0.9975, 0.9951, 0.9959, 09807 and 0.09995 respectivel