(p,q)-string in matrix-regularized membrane and type IIB duality

We consider a lightcone wrapped supermembrane compactified on 2-torus in the matrix regularization. We examine the double dimensional reduction technique and deduce the free matrix string of (p,q)-string in type IIB superstring theory explicitly from the matrix-regularized wrapped supermembrane. In addition we obtain the (2+1)-dimensional super Yang-Mills action in curved background. We also examine the duality.Comment: 25 page

COMPETENCY-BASED TRAINING IN NURSING: LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES

Objective To analyze the possibilities and limits of competency-based training in nursing. Method An integrative review of the literature on the subject was carried out, and an analysis was made of the results of a survey evaluating a nursing course based on areas of competency. A dialog was then established between the review and the results of the research. Results On the question of which theoretical type of competency the articles from the literature relate to, there is a predominance of the constructivist perspective, followed by the functionalist approach and the dialog-based approach. In the dialog between the literature and the research, limits and possibilities were observed in the development of a training by areas of competency. Conclusion The dialog-based approach to competency is the proposition that most approximates to the profile defined by the National Curriculum Guidelines for training in nursing, and this was also identified in the evaluation survey that was studied. However, it is found that there are aspects on better work is needed, such as: partnership between school and the workplace, the role of the teacher, the role of the student, and the process of evaluation

Prostaglandin-related immune suppression in cattle

Prostaglandins (PGs) are lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid by several enzymes including cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2. We have previously shown that PGE2 regulates immune responses, such as Th1 cytokine production and T-cell proliferation, in cattle. However, it is still unclear whether other PGs are involved in the regulation of immune responses in cattle. Here, immunosuppressive profiles of PGs (PGA(1), PGB(2), PGD(2), PGE(2), PGF(1 alpha) and PGF(2 alpha)) were firstly examined using bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition to PGE(2), PGA(1) significantly inhibited Th1 cytokine production from PBMCs in cattle. Further analyses focusing on PGA(1) revealed that treatment with PGA(1) in the presence of concanavalin A (con A) downregulated CD69, an activation marker, and IFN-gamma expression in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Sorted CD3(+) T cells stimulated with con A were cultivated with PGA1, and IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha concentrations decreased upon PGA(1) treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that the treatment with PGA(1) in vitro inhibits T-cell activation, especially Th1 cytokine production, in cattle

The rheology of a dilute suspension of Brownian dipolar spheroids in a simple shear flow under the action of an external force

The effect of rotational Brownian motion on the rheology of a dilute suspension of dipolar spheroids in a simple shear flow under the action of an external force field, is investigated through a generalized Langevin equation approach. The force field is assumed to be either constant or periodic. In the case of constant external fields earlier results in the literature are reproduced, while for the case of periodic forcing certain parametric regimes corresponding to weak Brownian diffusion are identified where the rheological parameters evolve chaotically and settle onto a low dimensional attractor. The response of the system to variations in the strengths of the force field and diffusion is also analyzed through numerical experiments. These results correspond to the region of weak Brownian motion where usual methods render the problem intractable

Effect of Insertion and Deletion in the Meq Protein Encoded by Highly Oncogenic Marek’s Disease Virus on Transactivation Activity and Virulence

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) causes malignant lymphoma in chickens (Marek’s disease, MD). Although MD is currently controlled by vaccination, MDV strains have continuously increased in virulence over the recent decades. Polymorphisms in Meq, an MDV-encoded oncoprotein that serves as a transcription factor, have been associated with the enhanced virulence of the virus. In addition, insertions and deletions in Meq have been observed in MDV strains of higher virulence, but their contribution to said virulence remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the contribution of an insertion (L-Meq) and a deletion in the Meq gene (S-Meq) to its functions and MDV pathogenicity. Reporter assays revealed that both insertion and deletion enhanced the transactivation potential of Meq. Additionally, we generated RB-1B-based recombinant MDVs (rMDVs) encoding each Meq isoform and analyzed their pathogenic potential. rMDV encoding L-Meq indueced the highest mortality and tumor incidence in infected animals, whereas the rMDV encoding S-Meq exhibited the lowest pathogenicity. Thus, insertion enhanced the transactivation activity of Meq and MDV pathogenicity, whereas deletion reduced pathogenicity despite having increased transactivation activity. These data suggest that other functions of Meq affect MDV virulence. These data improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the evolution of MDV virulence