Repulsive Casimir interaction: Boyer oscillators at nanoscale

We study the effect of temperature on the repulsive Casimir interaction between an ideally permeable and an ideally polarizable plate {\it in vacuo}. At small separations or for low temperatures the quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field give the main contribution to the interaction, while at large separations or for high temperatures the interaction is dominated by the classical thermal fluctuations of the field. At intermediate separations or finite temperatures both the quantum and thermal fluctuations contribute. For a system composed of one infinitely permeable plate between two ideal conductors at a finite temperature, we identify a {\it stable mechanical equilibrium} state, if the infinitely permeable plate is located in the middle of the cavity. For small displacements the restoring force of this {\it Boyer oscillator} is linear in the deviation from the equilibrium position, with a spring constant that depends inversely on the separation between the two conducting plates and linearly on temperature. Furthermore, an array of such oscillators presents an ideal Einsteinian crystal that displays a fluctuation force between its outer boundaries stemming from the displacement fluctuations of the Boyer oscillators.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Long-Wavelength Infrared Thermophotonic Imaging of Demineralization in Dental Hard Tissue

Early detection of the most prevalent oral disease worldwide, i.e., dental caries, still remains as one of the major challenges in Dentistry. Current dental standard of care relies on caries detection methods which lack the sufficient specificity and sensitivity to detect caries at early stages of formation when they can be healed. In this thesis, a clinically and commercially viable thermophotonic imaging (TPI) technology capable of detecting early enamel caries using an inexpensive long-wavelength infrared (LWIR, 8-14m) camera is presented. Through theoretical modelling and experiments on standard samples, the enhanced diagnostic contrast in LWIR detection compared to existing MWIR detection technologies is verified. Diagnostic performance of the system and its detection threshold are experimentally evaluated by monitoring the inception and progression of artificially-induced occlusal and proximal caries as well as natural early caries. The results are suggestive of the suitability of the developed LWIR system for detecting early dental caries

The impact of incapacitation of multiple critial sensor nodes on wireless sensor network lifetime

Kablosuz Algılayıcı Aglar (KAA) askeri güvenlik ve çevre gözetleme vb. kritik kontrol etme uygulamalarında sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bu tip kritik uygulamarda algılayıcı dügümler ? düsman saldırıları için potansiyel birer hedeftir. KAA'ların en önemli performans ölçütlerinden birisi ag yasam süresi oldugu için çe¸sitli saldırılarla algılayıcı dügümlerden en kritik olanlarının ele geçirilmesi ve i¸slevsiz hale getirilmesi ag yasam süresini ciddi miktarda etkilemektedir. Bu çalı¸smada Dogrusal Programlama (DP) tabanlı iki tane özgün algoritma geli¸stirilmis olup kritik dügümlerin ele geçirilmesinin KAA ya¸sam süresine olan etkileri sistematik biçimde ele alınmı¸stır. Bu çalısma sonucunda kritik dügümlerin ele geçirilmesinin ag yasam süresini ciddi ölçüde düsürdügü sonuçlarına varılmıstır.Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are envisioned to be utilized in many application areas such as critical infrastructure monitoring, therefore, WSN nodes are potential targets for adversaries. Network lifetime is one of the most important performance indicators in WSNs. Possibility of reducing the network lifetime significantly by eliminating a certain subset of nodes through various attacks will create the opportunity for the adversaries to hamper the performance of WSNs with a low risk of detection. However, the extent of reduction in network lifetime due to elimination of a group of critical sensor nodes has never been investigated in the literature. Therefore, in this study , we created a novel Linear Programming (LP) framework to model the impact of critical node elimination attacks on WSNs and explored the parameter space through numerical evaluations of the LP model. Our results show that critical node elimination attacks can shorten the network lifetime significantly

Genetic diversity of gliadin pattern, morphological traits and baking quality in doubled haploid wheat

This study aimed at assessing the genetic diversity of 102 lines doubled haploid wheat (sent from CIMMYT) using acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) method, morphological traits and baking quality. Cluster analysis according to morphological traits divided all genotypes into four groups, so that genotypes with high yield were placed in one group. However, by cluster analysis according to their qualitative traits, the genotypes were classified into three main groups, while genotypes with higher amount of protein was placed in a separate group. In the studied lines, 48 bands and 47 different patterns were detected and polymorphism was observed in most of the bands. In the ω area, 18 bands and 19 different patterns were observed and the most amount of band was observed in this area. In γ and β areas, 12 and 9 bands, 19 and 12 patterns were observed, respectively. The least pattern variety was seen in area, presumably because the bands did not separate properly in the onedimensional electrophoresis in this area. Seven patterns and nine bands were observed in this area. Using Nei formula and according to the patterns, the genetic diversity for all four areas (α, β, γ, ω) was calculated, according to which γ area with H = 0.872 had the most genetic diversity, then came ω and β areas with H = 0.767 and H = 0.714, respectively, and the least genetic diversity was observed in area with H = 0.646. Cluster analysis according to protein bands has classified genotypes into 9 main groups. Although the lines studied in this research had the same parents, considerable diversity was observed among them. Therefore, the electrophoresis of polyacrylamide gel of gliadins can be used as a strong system for identifying similar varieties. While comparing the observed patterns, one pattern in area was proved to be relevant to the trait of the number of grain per spikelet, which can be used as a marker in order to increase yield

A Model Predictive Control Framework for Asymptotic Stabilization of Discretized Hybrid Dynamical Systems

We present a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for the appropriate discretizations of (nondiscretized) hybrid dynamical systems. The optimization problem associated with the MPC algorithm is formulated with a set-based prediction horizon and the discretized hybrid dynamics as part of its constraints. Sufficient conditions guaranteeing structural properties of the problem and asymptotic stability of a closed set are revealed. These conditions include the existence of a control Lyapunov function assuring an invariance property on the terminal constraint set. In addition, we formulate a method to obtain numerical solutions to the hybrid optimal control problem, amenable to off-the-shelf optimization solvers, and demonstrate this method on the discretization of a prototypical hybrid system

Relationship between pseudo exfoliation syndrome of pupil and increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma in patients referred to ophthalmology clinic of Ardabil city hospital

Background: Pseudo exfoliation syndrome (PXS) widely in world occurred with various prevalence rate and its risk factor has main role in rising IOP and glaucoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PXS and its associations with elevation of IOP/Glaucoma.Methods: This is a cohort study that has been done on 144 patients of aged 50 and older referred to clinic of ophthalmology which was examined to the PXS depositions. PXS was diagnosed by slit lamp and a control group select matching with case group without PXS. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation by slit lamp and dilated pupil fundus for visual acuity, refraction, Tonometry and Gonioscopy.Results: Out of 144 eyes of control group, 112 (77.8%) had PXS depositions. There was a significant increase in number of PXS involved eyes with age and the frequency of disease in men was higher than women. Out of 72 patients, 40 (55.5%) patients were bilaterally and 32 (44.5%) patients were unilaterally involved. The mean of IOP in eyes with PXS with 17.9±8.9 was significantly higher than eyes without PXS with 14.5±2.9.Conclusions: PXS sediments are an important risk factor for increased IOP and glaucoma in our area and patients with PXS should be followed in term of IOP

Race Analysis of Puccinia Striiformis f.sp. Tritici in Iran

Globally, wheat is an important crop; as a strategic plant it occupies the largest area of cultivation. Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, known as yellow rust, caused the embrace damage and epidemic in Iran. Resistance cultivars are known to be the best way to control and prevent the spread of rust. This research studied the genetics of the pathogenicity of 26 isolates of stripe rust from different important wheat-growing areas in Iran; 56 differential and isogenic lines were used with a Bolani susceptible check, under greenhouse condition. Race 6E6A+,Yr27 from Neishabour (Eshgh Abad) and 7E22A+,Yr27 from Kermanshah were found to be less aggressive races in this research and races 206E182A+,Yr27 from Islam Abad, 207E190A+,Yr27 from Fars and race 231E150A+,Yr27 from Mashhad, with more than 19 known wheat genes, were the most aggressive races. Results of this research were that virulence was observed on plants with genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr18, Yr21, Yr25, Yr26, Yr28, Yr29, Yr31, Yr32, YrSU, YrND, YrCV and YrA. No virulence was detected on plants with genes Yr4, Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24 and YrSP

Compare Brimonidine 0.2% versus Latanoprost 0.005% (Xalatan) in preventing intraocular pressure after YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in patients visiting ophthalmology clinic in Ardabil city

Background: The transient increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) following neodymium YAG laser capsulotomy can occur in a significant number of patients, which requires prophylactic treatment with IOP reducing drugs, and in some patients, postoperative IOP monitoring. This study was performed to compare the efficacy of brimonidine 0.2% versus latanoprost0.005% (Xalatan) in preventing the IOP elevation after YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in patients visiting ophthalmology clinic in Alavi Hospital.Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial that included 100 patients who had developed posterior capsule opacification (PCO) as a result of previous cataract surgery and were candidate for undergoing YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 50 patients. One group received brimonidine 0.2% one hour before surgery, and the other group received Xalatan 0.005% in the night before laser surgery. In both groups the patients' IOP was measured in baseline, 1, 2, 3, 24 hours, 3 days and one week after surgery. The gathered data were analyzed using statistical methods in SPSS.16.Results: The mean IOP, 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours, 3 days, and one week after surgery didn't show any significant difference between two groups. IOP one hour before surgery changed significantly compared to one hour after surgery and a statistically significant relationship was found between the two groups, though at other times of measurement, the differences were not significant.Conclusions: Results showed that using Brimonidine 0.2% or Latanoprost 0.005% as prophylactic before YAG laser posterior capsulotomy could be effective in preventing IOP after treatment