A new scale for student nurses to rate image of the elderly

Our prior scale for student nurses to rate image of the elderly is inadequate both in number of items used and in exaustiveness of possible images they have. This study attempts to construct a new rating scale by decreasing the number of the previous items and by incorporrating pertinent novel items. A new scale reported here consisits of 20 items, with 15 items being determined through a factor analysisi of the previous 38 items and 5 items being selected after a survey of relevant studies

Changes of Student Nurses' views and Images of the Elderly before and after Practicing at Nursing Homes

A questionnaire survey was done by 76 third year-students of the nursing course before and after practicing at the two nursing homes in 1989. The same questions about their views and images of the aged person were given twice and compared. Question to image consists of 38 paired items respectively opposed to be rated on a seven-point scale. The results showed that their views and images had changed from idealistic to realistic as a result of their practices. These were some differences found in these changes by the home and the period of practice

Nursing students' images of the elderly before and after a two-week nursing practice

2週間の特別養護老人ホームの実習前及び実習後の学生の老人イメージを20項目の尺度を用いて調査した｡その結果,以下のことが明らかになった｡ 1. 実習後のイメージの平均得点は,｢ユーモアのない｣から｢ユーモアのある｣へ,｢生気のない｣から｢生気のある｣へと好ましい方向へ上昇し,一方｢経験に富む｣,｢穏やかな｣,｢現実的な｣は好ましくない方向へ変化した｡ 2. 3分の1以上の学生が実習後に特にイメージが変化した項目として｢ユーモアのない/ユーモアのある｣の項目をあげた｡ 3. 老人像は全体として｢暇な｣,｢弱い｣,｢孤独な｣という否定的な老人イメージと｢経験に富む｣,｢暖かい｣という肯定的イメージで捉えられており,このイメージは実習前後で共通していた｡実習前後では全体として老人像に大きな変化はなかったものの,実習によって,より活動的な老人イメージを抱き,より現実的に老人をとらえていることが明らかになり,A園での老人看護学実習は教育上意義のある実習であると評価した｡This study investigated how nursing students perceived the elderly living in a nursing home for the elderly. Testing was done both before and after they experienced a two-week nursing practice at the nursing home. Three findings were obtained. (1) The students regarded the elderly not only as more humorous and vital but also less experienced, peaceful, and realistic before than after experiencing the practice. (2) Over a third of the students named humorous/not humorous as an item for which they experienced a marked change in image of the elderly. (3) The students generally regarded the elderly as being experienced, warm, bored, weak, and lonely. The findings indicate that the nursing practice provided the students with an opportunity to form better and realistic images of the elderly

The health and daily-life problem of the aged at homes for three months after discharge from the hospital

今後の継続看護・在宅看護を考えてゆく際の参考にするために、医療施設から自宅へ退院した高齢患者が3カ月経過後に、どのような健康上や日常生活上の問題点をもち、家庭や地域でどのような援助や支援を受けて生活しているかについて報告をする。総合病院に入院していた70歳以上の高齢者で自宅に退院する患者92名のうち、退院後3カ月経過後の時点で回答を得た70名（76.0％）について分析を行った。病状については約8割の者は特に問題を持っていない、しかし約2割の者は病状に悪化が見られた。現在困っていることは「健康上の問題」とした者は約3割であった。日常生活の自立状況では「仕事もできる」とする者が退院時の18.6％より、3カ月後は40.0％に増加しており、「生きがいがかなりある」とする者は退院時の34.3％より、3カ月後は45.7％に増加していた。しかし、回答が得られなかった22名（24.0％）の高齢者は、より重要な問題を包含している可能性があり、追跡をする必要がある。We report that for the guidance to consider future continuing-nursing and home-nursing, the elderly patient who living in homes for three months after discharged from the hospital, have what problems in their health and daily lives and what sort of supports they are receiving in their homes and from the vicinities. Analysis was done on the health and daily-life problems of 70 elderly who responded to a survey which was mailed, three months after discharged from the hospital, among 92 elderly more than 70 years old. 80% of them had no problems in their conditions, but in 20% conditions got worse. About 30% of them complained of the problem of health with respect to independence of daily life. Patients who were able to work increased from 18.6% to 40.0%, and the ptients who felt worth living increased from 34.3% to 45.7%. 22 elderly who hadn't answer seemed to have more severe problems however, further surveys are needed

Nursing students' perception of their acquired basic skills in nursing practices : a comparison between a new and an old curriculum

平成2年度改正の新カリキュラムで学んだ学生と旧カリキュラムで学んで学生間に、卒業時の基礎看護技術の到達度に違いがあるかを明らかにするために、看護技術の基本的要素、日常生活の援助技術、診療時の援助技術の49項目の到達度について、3年制課程の3年生に質問紙調査を行った。対象者全体では、到達度の上位10位以内に日常生活の援助技術項目の37％が含まれ、到達度の下位10位以内に診療時の援助技術項目の37％が含まれていた。新カリキュラム群と旧カリキュラム群の比較では、21項目に有意差があった。新カリキュラム群の高い15項目は日常生活の援助技術と看護技術の基本的要素に関するものが多く、旧カリキュラム群が高い6項目は診療時の援助技術が多かった。カリキュラム改正に関係なく、日常生活の援助技術の到達度は高く診療時の援助技術は低い傾向にあったが、カリキュラム改正後はその傾向が強まり、さらに看護技術の基本的要素の到達度はカリキュラム改正後に比較的高くなっていることが明らかになった。新カリキュラムでは臨地実習時間を削減しているが、基礎教育で重視する日常生活の援助技術と看護技術の基本的要素は習得できていると考えられる。A revision was made in a nursing curriculum in 1990. This study examined nursing students' perceived level of acquired 49 basic skills in nursing practices consisting of 11 basal elements of nursing skill, 19 skills in helping patients' daily activities, and 19 skills required in medical situations, comparing students receiving a new curriculum with those receiving an old one. Findings showed that in the rank ordering of all items from the best acquired to the least, collapsed across the two groups of students, 37% of the upper 10 items cocerned the skills in helping patients' daily activities, while 37% of the bottom 10 items concerned the skills required in medical situation. The students receiving the new curriculum perceived themselves better than those reseiving the old one for 15 items that were related with the basal elements of nursing skill and the skills in helping patients' daily activities, while the 6 items in the skills required in medical situations were perceived to be better acquired for the latter than the former students. The finding suggest that the new curriculum produced students who perceive themselves to be better achievers in the basic skills in nursing practices

The research on the problems of health care and living of the aged (Pursuing the cases of home treatment given to the elderly patients for one year after their discharge)

退院後の生活に目を向けた適切な退院指導がなされることは、高齢患者が安心して在宅療養を送る上で、重要な意味を持つ。そこで病院から在宅療養に移行した70歳以上の高齢者の抱える問題を4回に渡って1年間調査し、これまでに退院時、3ヵ月後、6ヵ月後の調査結果を報告した。本稿では1年を通じて回答のあった53名について健康と生活上の問題の変化を分析し、考察した。在宅療養に移行した高齢者の健康状態と生活上の問題は、ほぼ一致して退院後6ヵ月から1年後までに変化を認め、特に日常生活上の問題は著しく増加した。その原因として病状の悪化との関連が考えられた。また、高齢者の問題についての意識は、研究者の専門的な問題意識に比べて低かった。従って入院中に退院後の生活を予測することには限界があり、今後は退院指導の充実と伴に在宅サービスとの連携が重要であることを認めた。We planned to make emerge the problems felt by the elderly patients of 70 years and over given home treatment. As a means of our research, four times a year we sent a questinnaire to the aged who had been discharged. After collecting the answers of the questionnaires, we decided to focus on the 53 elderly patients who answered all four questionnaires, and then tried to make their problems emerge. The contents of the questionnaires were about their health care in a year and how their daily life changed. We can see that the condition of the elderly patients under home treatment and their living problems have changed almost without exceptions six months to a year after their discharge. Especially the number of the problems in their daily life increased remarkably. These results might be considered to be caused by the aggravation of their diseases. In addition, the elderly patients are not as conscious of their own problems as a specialist with a critical mind. Therefore, there is a limit to estimating the change in lifestyle of a discharged patient while they remain hospitalized. We consider it essential to get full discharge-care closely connected with home service for elderly patients

Bacterial nucleoid dynamics: oxidative stress response in Staphylococcus aureus

A single-molecule-imaging technique, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to the analyses of the genome architecture of Staphylococcus aureus. The staphylococcal cells on a cover glass were subjected to a mild lysis procedure that had maintained the fundamental structural units in Escherichia coli. The nucleoids were found to consist of fibrous structures with diameters of 80 and 40 nm. This feature was shared with the E. coli nucleoid. However, whereas the E. coli nucleoid dynamically changed its structure to a highly compacted one towards the stationary phase, the S. aureus nucleoid never underwent such a tight compaction under a normal growth condition. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that this was attributable to the lack of IHF that regulate the expression of a nucleoid protein, Dps, required for nucleoid compaction in E. coli. On the other hand, under oxidative conditions, MrgA (a staphylococcal Dps homolog) was over-expressed and a drastic compaction of the nucleoid was detected. A knock-out mutant of the gene encoding the transcription factor (perR) constitutively expressed mrgA, and its nucleoid was compacted without the oxidative stresses. The regulatory mechanisms of Dps/MrgA expression and their biological significance were postulated in relation to the nucleoid compaction

Evaluation of adult nursing practices using self-assessment form - analysis in 3rd and 5th weeks of practice -

この研究目的は,実習目標の達成度に対する学生の自己評価を明らかにすることである｡調査対象は短大の看護学科3年生74名である｡調査は自記式の調査票により成人看護実習の3週後と終了時の5週後に行った｡この自己評価は実習目標11項目について5件法で行った｡その結果,患者理解,患者指導,自己の内面の気づきなど目標は,3週後より5週間の実習によってより評価が高くなった｡最も自己評価が低いのは社会資源の活用の理解であった｡悪性の患者を受け持った学生の方は良性の患者の受け持ち学生より,人間としての態度や死生観などに関して5週後有意に高値であった｡今後の課題は,限られた実習期間内で,学生個々の経験をどのように共有させるかや患者の福祉について理解を深めることである｡The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adult nursing practices using a self-assessment form. Seventy-four third-grade nursing students assessed 11 items in the 3rd and 5th weeks of practice. The scores of all assessment items in the 5th week were significantly higher than these in the 3rd week. The lowest scoreing item at both 3rd and 5th weeks was understanding of the utility of social resources. The students assigned patients with malignant diseases reported higher scores on 3 assessment items. These findings suggest that students should share their experiences and learn about social resources during clinical practice

The health and daily-life problems of the elderly living in their own homes for six months after being discharged from the hospital

病院を退院した高齢者の療養上の問題を把握することは、退院指導や継続看護を進める上でも重要である。著者らは退院時、退院後3か月、6か月、1年のそれぞれの時点で、在宅での看護上の問題について調査研究を行い、すでにこれらの一部は報告した。今回は退院後6ヵ月を経過した高齢者の在宅療養時の健康及び日常生活の問題について報告する。総合病院に入院していた70歳以上の高齢者で、退院時に調査を行った93名のうち、退院後6ヵ月の時点で回答を得た60名（64.5％）について分析した。調査は郵送法により、調査内容は健康状態、自立度、困っていること等で、結果は退院時の状態と比較・検討した。退院6か月後の日常生活の自立度がよい者の割合は退院時より8.4％増加し、体の調子が「良くなった」とする者は50％を越えた。しかし、困っていることとして「健康面」の問題をあげた者は23.3％と高く、退院時の2倍になっていた。また退院時の問題点の70％はなお持続しており、食事療法・移動動作・下肢痛・視聴覚障害・排泄障害・気管支炎等の順に多かった。6ヶ月後の新たな問題として注目すべきものとしては人間関係やコミュニケションの障害が認められた。The purpose of this study is to investigate the medical care problems of the elderly living in their own homes for six months after being discharged from the hospital. Analysis was done on the health and daily-life problems of 60 elderly people who responded to a survey which was mailed. The results are as follows ; 34 persons (56.7%) answered that their health had improved compared to the time of their discharge and the health condition of 16 persons (26.7%) had improved to the point where they were able to work. Nevertheless, 14 persons (23.3%) had health problems and 4 persons had problems in their daily life, 3 persons had mental problems and 2 persons had economic problems. Some of them still had problems such as diet, disability in moving, arthralgia and low back pain