Preparation of DNA/Gold Nanoparticle Encapsulated in Calcium Phosphate

Biocompatible DNA/gold nanoparticle complex with a protective calcium phosphate (CaP) coating was prepared by incubating DNA/gold nanoparticle complex coated by hyaluronic acid in SBF (simulated body fluid) with a Ca concentration above 2 mM. The CaP-coated DNA complex was revealed to have high compatibility with cells and resistance against enzymatic degradation. By immersion in acetate buffer (pH 4.5), the CaP capsule released the contained DNA complex. This CaP capsule including a DNA complex is promising as a sustained-release system of DNA complexes for gene therapy

Photometry and Polarimetry of 2010 XC15_{15}: Observational Confirmation of E-type Near-Earth Asteroid Pair

Asteroid systems such as binaries and pairs are indicative of physical properties and dynamical histories of the Small Solar System Bodies. Although numerous observational and theoretical studies have been carried out, the formation mechanism of asteroid pairs is still unclear, especially for near-Earth asteroid (NEA) pairs. We conducted a series of optical photometric and polarimetric observations of a small NEA 2010 XC$_{15}$ in 2022 December to investigate its surface properties. The rotation period of 2010 XC$_{15}$ is possibly a few to several dozen hours and color indices of 2010 XC$_{15}$ are derived as $g-r=0.435\pm0.008$, $r-i=0.158\pm0.017$, and $r-z=0.186\pm0.009$ in the Pan-STARRS system. The linear polarization degrees of 2010 XC$_{15}$ are a few percent at the phase angle range of 58$^{\circ}$ to 114$^{\circ}$. We found that 2010 XC$_{15}$ is a rare E-type NEA on the basis of its photometric and polarimetric properties. Taking the similarity of not only physical properties but also dynamical integrals and the rarity of E-type NEAs into account, we suppose that 2010 XC$_{15}$ and 1998 WT$_{24}$ are of common origin (i.e., asteroid pair). These two NEAs are the sixth NEA pair and first E-type NEA pair ever confirmed, possibly formed by rotational fission. We conjecture that the parent body of 2010 XC$_{15}$ and 1998 WT$_{24}$ was transported from the main-belt through the $\nu_6$ resonance or Hungaria region.Comment: Resubmitted to AAS Journals. Any comments are welcom

Control of Domain Wall Position by Electrical Current in Structured Co/Ni Wire with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy

We report the direct observation of the current-driven domain wall (DW) motion by magnetic force microscopy in a structured Co/Ni wire with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The wire has notches to define the DW position. It is demonstrated that single current pulses can precisely control the DW position from notch to notch with high DW velocity of 40 m/s.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Figure 1 in Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae)

Figure 1. Leaf mines of Acrocercops transecta. (A) Three mines of the Juglandaceae race on a leaflet of Juglans mandshurica; (B) a mine of the Lyonia race on Lyonia ovalifolia.Published as part of Ohshima, Issei, Watanabe, Kyohei & Kawamura, Tomohiro, 2014, Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae), pp. 815-828 in Journal of Natural History 49 (13) on page 816, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.953613, http://zenodo.org/record/400394

Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae)

Ohshima, Issei, Watanabe, Kyohei, Kawamura, Tomohiro (2014): Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae). Journal of Natural History 49 (13): 815-828, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.95361

Figure 3 in Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae)

Figure 3. Lateral view of female Aneurobracon philippinensis.Published as part of Ohshima, Issei, Watanabe, Kyohei & Kawamura, Tomohiro, 2014, Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae), pp. 815-828 in Journal of Natural History 49 (13) on page 820, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.953613, http://zenodo.org/record/400394

Figure 4 in Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae)

Figure 4. Modes of parasitism of parasitoids attacking Acrocercops transecta. (A) An ovipositing female of Aneurobracon philippinensis. Before finding host larvae, females track host mines by drumming with their antennae; (B) a final instar of A. transecta that is making a cocoon; (C) a dissected cocoon of A. transecta. A prepupa of A. transecta (upper side) is fed upon by a larva of An. philippinensis (under side); (D) a pupa of An. philippinensis in the cocoon made by A. transecta; (E) a pupa of Choeras sp. in the cocoon made by A. transecta; (F) a final instar of A. transecta parasitized by Pholetesor sp. A hole is visible on the right side of the second abdominal segment from which a Pholetesor sp. larva exits the host; (G) a cocoon of Pholetesor sp. formed inside its host's mine; (H) a Eulophidae larva feeding inside its host's body; (I) a Eulophidae pupa formed inside its host's mine.Published as part of Ohshima, Issei, Watanabe, Kyohei & Kawamura, Tomohiro, 2014, Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae), pp. 815-828 in Journal of Natural History 49 (13) on page 822, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.953613, http://zenodo.org/record/400394

Figure 2 in Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae)

Figure 2. Map of Japan showing the sampling localities of Acrocercops transecta mines.Published as part of Ohshima, Issei, Watanabe, Kyohei & Kawamura, Tomohiro, 2014, Distinct parasitoid communities associated with host races of the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta on distantly related host plants (Juglandaceae and Ericaceae), pp. 815-828 in Journal of Natural History 49 (13) on page 817, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.953613, http://zenodo.org/record/400394

Causes of the Multidecadal-Scale Warming of the Intermediate Water in the Okhotsk Sea and Western Subarctic North Pacific

Causes of the multidecadal-scale warming of the intermediate water in the Okhotsk Sea and the western subarctic North Pacific during 1980–2008 are investigated using an ice–ocean coupled model with interannually　varying atmospheric forcing. A hindcast experiment qualitatively reproduces the warming and decadal　fluctuations of the intermediate water that are similar to those of observations: the warming is significant along the western part of the Okhotsk Sea and subarctic frontal region. The effects of the thermohaline- and　wind-driven ocean circulation on the warming are evaluated from perturbation experiments on thermohaline (turbulent heat and freshwater fluxes) and wind causes, respectively. The thermohaline causes are shown to contribute positively to warming in the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water (OSIW). The heat budget analysis for the OSIW indicates that the warming is related to a decrease in cold and dense shelf water (DSW) flux, which is caused by a decrease in sea ice and surface water freshening. In contrast, the wind cause has a cooling effect in the OSIW through an increase in DSW. In the subarctic frontal region, the warming is mainly caused by the wind stress change. The heat budget analysis indicates that the warming is related to an increase in the northward advection of the subtropical warm water. These results imply that both thermohaline- and winddriven ocean circulation changes are essential components of the warming in the intermediate water. The atmospheric conditions responsible for the warming are related to a weakened Aleutian low and Siberian high in early and late winter