The incidence of cancer in women presenting with bloody nipple discharge at a specialist breast clinic

Objectives: To determine the frequency of breast cancer in patients presenting with bloody nipple discharge at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Breast Care Centre (KATH –BCC) Kumasi.Setting: Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Breast Care Centre (KATH –BCC) Kumasi.Materials and Methods: All patients reporting to the centre for the assessment and treatment of a bloody nipple discharge. The age of the patients, the duration of the discharge, whether the discharge wasspontaneous or provoked and whether it was unilateral or bilateral, a single or multiple duct discharge and the presence of a lump. The mammographic findings and the histology of the excised ducts or lumpwere also recorded.Results:. The most common age group affected was 35-44 years (56.7 %). A palpable mass was detected in 25 women or (20.8%). Mammographic abnormalities were found in 15 (12.5%) of the women. In 80 patients (66.7%) there were no palpable masses or abnormal mammographic findings. Of the 120 patients carcinoma (CA) was found in 31(25.8%),, duct papilloma (DP) was the cause of the bleeding in80(66.7%), duct ectasia (DE) in 7(5.8%) and fibrocystic breast changes (FBC) in 2 (1.7%). Of the 80 patients with bleeding only and no palpable mass or abnormal mammogram, DP was the cause in 73(91.3%), CA in 2 (2.5 %) and DE in 5 (6.1%). In bleeding with associated palpable mass, DP was the cause in 3 (12%), CA in19 (76.0 %), DE in 1(4%) and FBC in 2 (8%). Of the 31 cases of carcinoma, 19 (61.5%) had a palpable mass, 10 (29.0%) had an abnormal mammogram and 2 (6.5%) only a bloody discharge.Conclusion: This paper concludes that carcinoma of the breast is found in one out of four women attending the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Breast Care Centre (KATH –BCC.) with a bloody nipple discharge. The evaluation of these patients must always include the excision of the discharging ducts for histopathologic examination

The Effect of Organizational Communication on Employee Work Passion

This research addressed the requirements and preferences of employees from their employers, and as a result, it explains the relationship between organizational communication and employee work passion in Ghana\u27s private universities. Organizational communication has an impact on employees\u27 choices to stay or quit a firm. There is a justification that organizational communication and employee work passion are inextricably linked

Strangulated Inguinal Hernia in Adult Males in Kumasi

Background: The complications of untreated inguinal hernias are common surgical emergencies in adult Ghanaian men.Objective: To describe the epidemiology of strangulated inguinal hernia in adult males in Kumasi.Method: From the hospital records the age and sex of all male adult patients treated for strangulated inguinal hernia were recorded at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital(KATH), the University Hospital (UH), the Seventh Day Adventist Hospital (SDAH) and the Kumasi South Hospital (KSH) for the period January 2007 to December 2011  inclusive. The total number of inguinal hernia repairs from all four facilities was also recorded. The annual incidence of strangulated inguinal hernia and the hernia repair rates were estimated using the 2010 population data.Results: Five-hundred and ninety-two cases of strangulated inguinal hernia were treated over the five years. The incidence of strangulated inguinal hernia was 0.26%. A total of 2243 inguinal hernia repairs were performed and 26.4 % of these repairs were for strangulation. The total number of inguinal hernia repairs averaged 77.3 repairs per 100 000 adult males per year and the elective repair rate was low at 0.9%.Conclusion: There is the need to increase the levels of elective repair of inguinal hernia in Kumasi.Keywords: Strangulated inguinal hernia: incidence: inguinal hernia repair rates: adults: Kumasi

The Extent of Faculty Development in Private Higher Institutions in Ghana

The success of every higher education institution is evidenced by its effectiveness in achieving its institutional goals as specified in the form of attributes or institutional outcomes. Guided by the Institutional Outcomes Mapping of a private university as the framework, this research assessed the achievement of how faculties are developed in the three core attributes: Training, Coaching, and Mentoring in the private tertiary institutions in Ghana

An Econometric Investigation of the Determinants of Fossil Fuel Consumption: A Multivariate Approach for Ghana

The study examines the long run and short run determinants of fossil fuel consumption in Ghana for 1970-2011 period by using Autoregressive distributed lad model (ARDL). The bound test for cointegration produced no evidence of cointegration among the variables. There are no statistical significant long run and short run parameters for the fossil fuel consumption function for Ghana. The results suggest macro variables such as income, price, trade openness, investment, money supply, and government expenditure do not play observable role in fossil fuel consumption. As such, they could not be relied on as a policy tool to manage fossil fuel consumption. Future study should consider the issue of structural breaks and the direction of causality

The Performance of the Tourism Sector Toward FDI Attraction Among Other Sectors of the Ghanaian Economy

This paper provides a literature review on the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth and development of the Ghanaian economy; by considering foreign direct investment contributions on employments creation and the allocation of registered projects to the various sectors based on the data collected from the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre, it was discovered that there was a decline in the number of projects registered by investors in 2015 and an increase in 2017. However, it was also revealed that the tourism sector performance toward the attraction of foreign direct investment and employment generating has been reducing indirectly between 2013 and 2017 of which the tourism sector did not create any employment in 2017. Conversely, there is much focus on manufacturing, service, building & construction and general trading sectors as majority of FDI inflows has been directed into these sectors. It is recommended that investors should enter the neglected sectors since there will be much benefit in these overlooked sectors, whereas the government of Ghana should provide incentives in these undermined sectors

Making farmer programming smarter: The Farm Radio approach [Ghana]

Suppliers of radio extension programmes in Ghana have been supported by Farm Radio International to make their programmes more participatory and engaging for smallholder farmers. With access to interactive, accurate, timely and interesting information, farmers have reported increased yields and incomes. Radio broadcasters have also been able to make their radio programming more financially sustainable

Extra gonadal sclerosing stromal tumour in the transverse mesocolon

Sclerosing stromal tumour (SST) is a rare benign sex cord stromal tumour of the ovary. We report a case of sclerosing stromal tumour of the mesentery in a 32-year-old Para one who presented with intra abdominal mass, menstrual irregularity and secondary infertility. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the completely excised tumour was consistent with sclerosing stromal tumour, immunoreactive only to vimentin. No ovarian tissue was found in the sectioned tumour. Her menses became regular and she conceived 3 months after complete excision and delivered after 9 months. Hormonal assay was not done because SST was least suspected. From literature this is the first case of SST in the transverse mesocolon reported in the West African subregion, and may probably be one of the rare cases of hormonally active SST.Keywords: Extragonadal, sclerosing stromal tumour, Hormonally active, secondary infertility, Ghan

FDI in Africa: Analyses on the Value of Inward and Outward FDI in Central and East Africa

In spite of improvement in the investment atmosphere done by various institutions and governments responsible for controlling inward and outward FDI in Central and East Africa regions to attract a greater share of the total value of foreign direct investment inflow and outflow on the African continent, there is still instability in the value of FDI inflow and outflow This paper provides detailed information on the total value received by Central and East Africa from investments inflow and the amount each region spends on outward FDI. By considering the values of FDI inflow and outflow in the late 1990s to 2016. It was realized that, there is an inverse relationship between the values of inward and outward FDI, although FDI inflows have increased drastically over the past 26 years. It is recommended that both regions should support and encourage outward FDI. Keywords: FDI, Central Africa, East Africa, Inflow, outflo

Penetrating abdominal injuries in adults seen at two teaching hospitals in Ghana

Background: The incidence of penetrating abdominal injuries (PAI) has increased in the West African sub-region.Objective: To determine the pattern and management outcome of penetrating abdominal injuries (PAI) in the two main teaching hospitals in Ghana.Study Design: A prospective and retrospective descriptive study.Setting: Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi and Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra.Methods: Relevant details of all adult patients admitted with penetrating abdominal injuries over a 11-year period were recorded at KATH and KBTH in Accra. The study in KATH was prospective pro forma based and that in the KBTH was a retrospective case review of all penetrating abdominal injuries.Results: There were 411 patients, mostly men (M: F-8:1). The peak age of patients was 20-29 years, 164 patients (39.9%). Abdominal stab wound injuries accounted for 251 (61.1%). Three hundred and thirty – one patients (80.5%) had an emergency laparotomy. Twelve patients required 16 emergency thoracotomies. The small bowel (23.2%), stomach (12.9%), colon (10.2%), the liver (10.0%), were the most commonly injured organs. In 92 patients (29.0%) no significant intra-abdominal injury was detected at laparotomyConclusion: Stab wounds are the main penetrating abdominal injuries seen mostly among young male adults in Ghana. Management was by a mandatory laparotomy after clinical assessment. The overall mortality was 4.4%. Selective non-operative management of abdominal stab wounds is possible