1,038 research outputs found
Nonuniform Thickness and Weighted Distance
Nonuniform tubular neighborhoods of curves in Euclidean n-space are studied
by using weighted distance functions and generalizing the normal exponential
map. Different notions of injectivity radii are introduced to investigate
singular but injective exponential maps. A generalization of the thickness
formula is obtained for nonuniform thickness. All singularities within almost
injectivity radius are classified by the Horizontal Collapsing Property.
Examples are provided to show the distinction between the different types of
injectivity radii, as well as showing that the standard differentiable
injectivity radius fails to be upper semicontinuous on a singular set of weight
functions
Vitamin K catabolite inhibition of ovariectomy-induced bone loss: Structureâactivity relationship considerations
The potential benefit of vitamin K as a therapeutic in osteoporosis is controversial and the vitamin K regimen being used clinically (45 mg/day) employs doses that are many times higher than required to ensure maximal gammaâcarboxylation of the vitamin Kâdependent bone proteins. We therefore tested the hypothesis that vitamin K catabolites, 5âcarbon (CAN5C) and 7âcarbon carboxylic acid (CAN7C) aliphatic sideâchain derivatives of the naphthoquinone moiety exert an osteotrophic role consistent with the treatment of osteoporosis
The struggle within: "moral crisis" on the Ottoman homefront during the First World War
This study focuses on the issue of a âmoral crisisâ which
was a widely discussed topic among the Ottoman intelligentsia. Moving on from
the common view that the âmoral crisisâ reached a peak during the First World
War, this study investigates how morality was related to the war and the
preconditions that created the perception of a crisis in morality.
The study argues that morality was a contested space among the intellectuals
and explains how rival ideologies set forth their political positions
depending on differing understandings of morality. For the state, on the
other hand, moral decline became a matter of national security during the
war. The study demonstrates how wartime rivalries were reflected in the
cultural sphere through morality discourses. In public opinion and political
circles, immorality was generally considered a social problem that had been
imported from European countries. At the social level, the study focuses on
family, women, and morality related crimes with an emphasis on the impact of
war on traditional family order. The dissertation sheds a light on the place
of morality in lawmaking processes, the ideas of reform and progress, and
plans for a new society.
Middle Eastern Studie
EwE-F 1.0: an implementation of Ecopath with Ecosim in Fortran 95/2003 for coupling and integration with other models
Abstract. Societal and scientific challenges foster the implementation of the ecosystem approach to marine ecosystem analysis and management, which is a comprehensive means of integrating the direct and indirect effects of multiple stressors on the different components of ecosystems, from physical to chemical and biological and from viruses to fishes and marine mammals. Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) is a widely used software package, which offers capability for a dynamic description of the multiple interactions occurring within a food web, and, potentially, a crucial component of an integrated platform supporting the ecosystem approach. However, being written for the Microsoft .NET framework, seamless integration of this code with Fortran-based physical and/or biogeochemical oceanographic models is technically not straightforward. In this work we release a re-coding of EwE in Fortran (EwE-F). We believe that the availability of a Fortran version of EwE is an important step towards setting up coupled/integrated modelling schemes utilising this widely adopted software because it (i) increases portability of the EwE models and (ii) provides additional flexibility towards integrating EwE with Fortran-based modelling schemes. Furthermore, EwE-F might help modellers using the Fortran programming language to get close to the EwE approach. In the present work, first fundamentals of EwE-F are introduced, followed by validation of EwE-F against standard EwE utilising sample models. Afterwards, an end-to-end (E2E) ecological representation of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) ecosystem is presented as an example of online two-way coupling between an EwE-F food web model and a biogeochemical model. Finally, the possibilities that having EwE-F opens up are discussed
False Negative/Positive Control for SAM on Noisy Medical Images
The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a recently developed all-range foundation
model for image segmentation. It can use sparse manual prompts such as bounding
boxes to generate pixel-level segmentation in natural images but struggles in
medical images such as low-contrast, noisy ultrasound images. We propose a
refined test-phase prompt augmentation technique designed to improve SAM's
performance in medical image segmentation. The method couples multi-box prompt
augmentation and an aleatoric uncertainty-based false-negative (FN) and
false-positive (FP) correction (FNPC) strategy. We evaluate the method on two
ultrasound datasets and show improvement in SAM's performance and robustness to
inaccurate prompts, without the necessity for further training or tuning.
Moreover, we present the Single-Slice-to-Volume (SS2V) method, enabling 3D
pixel-level segmentation using only the bounding box annotation from a single
2D slice. Our results allow efficient use of SAM in even noisy, low-contrast
medical images. The source code will be released soon
The Role of Chain-of-Thought in Complex Vision-Language Reasoning Task
The study explores the effectiveness of the Chain-of-Thought approach, known
for its proficiency in language tasks by breaking them down into sub-tasks and
intermediate steps, in improving vision-language tasks that demand
sophisticated perception and reasoning. We present the "Description then
Decision" strategy, which is inspired by how humans process signals. This
strategy significantly improves probing task performance by 50%, establishing
the groundwork for future research on reasoning paradigms in complex
vision-language tasks
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