Preferências de carreira entre graduandos de medicina no sudoeste da Nigéria

Estudantes de medicina possuem diferentes opções de trajetórias acadêmicas ou profissionais após a graduação. Este estudo busca determinar as preferências de carreira entre graduandos de medicina e os fatores que contribuem para tal decisão. Pesquisa descritiva e transversal foi realizada com graduandos de medicina da Afe Babalola University, localizada em Ekiti State, Nigéria. Dados foram coletados por um questionário bem estruturado e analisados usando SPSS versão 21.0. A estatística descritiva inclui tabelas de frequência, gráficos, médias e desvios padrão. Um total de 100 graduandos participaram do estudo, dos quais 29 (29,0%) homens e 71 (71,0%) mulheres, com relação homem/mulher de 0,4 para 1. A faixa etária dos participantes foi de 21 a 30 anos, com média (±+SD) de 23,5 (±+1,4). Do total de participantes, 72% planejavam ingressar na pós-graduação após a faculdade de medicina, a maioria no Reino Unido, sendo o mestrado em Saúde Pública a qualificação de maior interesse. Da mesma forma, 76% dos entrevistados planejavam buscar uma bolsa de pós-graduação após a faculdade, também em sua maioria no Reino Unido. A especialidade mais procurada é Obstetrícia e Ginecologia (43%), seguida por Cirurgia (40%), Medicina de Família (34%), Medicina Comunitária (33%), Pediatria (25%) e Medicina Interna (23%), enquanto a especialidade menos procurada é Patologia Química (28%), seguida por Microbiologia Médica (27%) e Anatomia Mórbida (24%). O principal fator considerado para esta escolha é o interesse pessoal pela especialidade, seguido por perspectivas financeiras, estilo de vida confortável e horário de trabalho flexível. Mestrado em Saúde Pública e especialização em Obstetrícia e Ginecologia são as carreiras mais buscadas por graduandos de medicina, escolha majoritariamente pautada em seus interesses pessoais.Medical students have many different options of academic and professional undertakings after graduation. The aim of this study is to determine the career preferences of students in their final year of medical school and to determine the factors that contributed for such decision. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving the final-year medical students of Afe Babalola University, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Descriptive statistics included frequency tables, charts, means and standard deviations. A total number of 100 final-year medical students participated in the study, out of which 29 (29.0%) were males and 71 (71.0%) were females, with a male to female ratio of 0.4 to 1. The age range of the respondents was 21 to 30 years, with a mean(±+SD) of 23.5(±+1.4). 72% of the respondents planned to pursue a postgraduate academic qualification after graduating from medical school, mostly in the United Kingdom, and a Master of Public Health was the most sought qualification. Similarly, 76% of the respondents planned to pursue a postgraduate medical fellowship after medical school, also mostly in the United Kingdom. The specialty most soughtafter is Obstetrics and Gynaecology (43%), followed by Surgery (40%), Family Medicine (34%), Community Medicine (33%), Paediatrics (25%), and Internal Medicine (23%) while the least sought-after specialty is Chemical pathology (28%), followed by Medical Microbiology (27%) and Morbid Anatomy (24%). The most important factor considered by the respondents in choosing a particular specialty is their personal interest in that specialty, followed by financial prospects, comfortable lifestyle, and flexible working hours. Master of Public Health degree and postgraduate fellowship in Obstetrics and Gynaecology specialty are the career preferences for most of the final-year medical students in this study, and this is largely informed by their personal interest in these fields

Honey, an unexplored topical wound dressing agent in Nigerian veterinary practice

This paper presents an overview of honey as a wound dressing agent, its mechanism of action, selected cases of wounds managed with honey and a survey of veterinarians’ perception and usage of honey for wound management in Nigeria. Structured  questionnaires were administered to veterinary practitioners predominantly in  Southwest Nigeria to evaluate their awareness, usage and concerns about honey as a wound dressing agent. Case reports of animal patients’ wounds managed with honey are presented in a logical fashion to showcase honey efficacy in wound management. There was remarkable healing with honey in the cases managed. Many of the respondents did not consider honey as first choice in wound management and availability of pure honey is a major concern expressed with honey use. More veterinarians in Nigeria should use honey for its high efficacy and cost effectiveness in the management of animal wounds.Keywords: Awareness, Dressing agents, Efficacy, Honey, Woun

A Comparison of xylazine/ketamine, diazepam/ketamine and acepromazine/ketamine anaesthesia in Rabbit

The efficacy and safety of the recommended intramuscular (im) clinical doses of xylazine-ketamine (5mg-35mg/kg), diazepam-ketamine (5mg-60mg/kg) and acepromazine-ketamine (5mg-75mg/kg) post administration were obtained, evaluated and compared using the following parameters in 10 apparently healthy rabbits: vital parameters (means of heart rates, respiratory rates and temperature), onset of loss of righting reflex, onset of analgesia, duration of analgesia, duration at recumbency and attempts to stand. Onset of loss of righting reflex was not significantly different (p>0.05) with xylazine-ketamine, diazepam-ketamine and acepromazine-ketamine at 3.4±0.3, 2.0±0.0 and 2.6±0.3 minutes respectively. Diazepam-ketamine and acepromazine-ketamine showed no analgesia while xylazine-ketamine had onset of analgesia and duration of analgesia of 4.2±0.1 and 57.0±0.7 minutes respectively. Duration of recumbency and first attempt to stand were longest with diazepam-ketamine, intermediate with acepromazine-ketamine and shortest with xylazine-ketamine of 184.4±3.3 and 42.0±1.4; 169.9±3.0 and 26.6±1.7; and 62±1.5 and 11.2±0.9 minutes respectively. Mean heart rate ranged between 173.2±6.6 to 187.2±7.5; 188.6±6.4 to 206.0±3.1 and 190.8±1.3 to 202.8±1.9 beats/minute with xylazine-ketamine, diazepam-ketamine, and acepromazine-ketamine respectively. Mean respiratory rate ranges were 58.4±3.5 to 133.0±11.2; 71.4±6.9 to 121.2±12.6 and 80.8±6.2 to 137.0±4.3 breaths/minute with xylazine-ketamine, diazepam-ketamine and acepromazine-ketamine respectively. Mean temperature ranges were 39.9±0.1 to 40.0±0.1; 39.0±0.3 to 39.9±0.1 and 39.6±0.1 to 40.2±0.0:C with xylazine-ketamine, diazepam-ketamine and acepromazine-ketamine respectively. In conclusion, all the three ketamine drug combinations produced unconsciousness and immobility, but only xylazine-ketamine provided additional analgesia. They were associated with normal heart rate and rectal temperature, as well as polypnoea of some clinical concern. Only xylazine-ketamine is potentially useful for painful procedures. Addition of specific analgesics to diazepam-ketamine and acepromazine-ketamine may make them useful for painful procedures.Keywords: Acepromazine, Anaesthesia, Diazepam, Ketamine, Rabbit, Xylazin

An 8-year retrospective review of gastrointestinal medical emergency conditions at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria

Background: Globally, gastrointestinal emergency conditions constitute a considerable proportion of the medical emergency cases seen in the emergency room.Objective: This study investigated the spectrum of gastrointestinal medical emergency conditions seen in the emergency room of Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: The emergency room admission register was used to obtain the following information: Age, Sex, Diagnosis, Year of admission and the Outcome. The period under review was 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2016. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 software package.Results: A total number of 5,912 patients with medical emergency conditions were admitted into the emergency room during the period under review, out of which 813(13.7%) were gastrointestinal medical emergency conditions. The age range of the patients was 15 to 100years with a mean(±SD) of 47.32±18.938. Acute exacerbation of acid peptic disorders(29.3%) was the most common indication for emergency room admission followed by acute gastroenteritis(26.8%) and decompensated chronic liver disease(14.3%). Decompensated chronic liver disease and upper gastrointestinal bleeding were the conditions with the highest mortality  being 31.8% and 29.5% respectively.Conclusion: Gastrointestinal medical conditions are common indications for emergency admission. Measures should be taken to avoid these preventable conditions in a bid to reduce their morbidity and mortality

'Managing a Necrotic Limb of African Dwarf Crocodile (OSTEOLAEMUS TETRASPIS) in Ibadan Zoological Garden: A Case Report’

Nigerian Veterinary Journal, VOL:33 (1) 395-39

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indices of finisher broiler chickens fed varying levels of sorghum in replacement of maize with the supplementation of exogenous enzymes

A 28 days feeding trial was conducted with a total of one hundred and eighty broiler chickens to evaluate the effect of maize-sorghum based diets supplemented with exogenous enzyme on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indices of finisher broiler chickens. Six experimental diets were formulated in which maize based diet served as Control (T1). Maize in the control diet was replaced by sorghum at the levels of 20% (T2), 40% (T3), 60% (T4), 80% (T5), and 100% (T6), respectively with 50g/100kg enzyme supplementation. The broiler chicks were allotted to six dietary treatments of 30 birds replicated three times with 10 birds per replicate. Dietary Treatments showed significant (P<0.05) effect on final weight and total feed intake. Similar higher statistical values of 1814.67g and 1804.67g were recorded for final weight in birds fed 80% sorghum (T5) and 100% sorghum (T6). Dietary Treatments had significant (p < 0.05) influence on Total protein and cholesterol. Varying levels of sorghum showed (p<0.05) effect on dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber digestibility. In conclusion, feeding finisher broiler chickens up to 100% sorghum replacement level for maize with enzyme supplementation improved growth performance and efficient nutrient digestibility without deleterious effect on the birds. Keywords: Maize-sorghum; Enzyme; Performance; Serum biochemistry; Nutrient digestibility; Broilers

Responses of rabbits to concurrent administration of Furosemide and Xylazine-Ketamine

The intramuscular (IM) administrations of 5 mg/kg xylazine, followed 30 min later by IM of 35 mg/kg ketamine alone (XK) or concurrently with IM of 1 mg/kg furosemide (XKF), were assessed in six healthy rabbits (4 bucks and 2 does) using selected anaesthetic indices (time to onset of anaesthesia, time to onset of analgesia, duration of analgesia, duration of recumbency/anaesthesia, and time to standing) as well as changes in heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) immediately following the loss of righting reflex and subsequently at 10 min intervals over a 60 min period of anaesthesia. Time to onset of anaesthesia with XKF group (4.4±1.5 min) was not significantly (P>0.05) different from that with XK group (4.6±0.9 min). Time to onset of analgesia with XKF rabbits (11.6±4.1 min) was similar to that with XK rabbits (11.2±2.0min). Duration of analgesia with XKF group (20.0±1.4min) was significantly s h o r t e r t h a n t h a t w i t h X K g r o u p (29.6±4.0min).The respective duration of recumbency/anaesthesia and time to standing with XKF group (79.6±7.7 min and 26.2±1.5 min) were significantly longer than those with XK group (61.4±7.5 min and 6.6±2.2 min). With XKF group, respective ranges of the mean HR, RR and RT were from 110.4±5.5 to 130.4±10.0 beats/min, 78.4±16.5 to 112.0±6.2 breaths/min and from 39.9±0.2 to 40.1 ± 0.2°C; while respective values with XK group were from 92.4±1.0 to 98.0±2.6 beats/min, 49.6±11.1 to 74.3±7.8 breaths/min and from 39.4±0.6 to 40.0±0.3°C. The mean values of HR and RR with XKF were significantly higher than those with the XK, whereas values of RT with both groups were similar throughout the period of the trials. It was concluded that administration of furosemide concurrently with xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia in healthy rabbits prolonged the duration of anaesthesia though it shortens the duration of analgesia.KEY WORDS: anaesthesia, concurrent, furosemide, ketamine, rabbits, xylazin

Utilization of Decane, Heptane, Petrol and Hexadecane by Fungi Isolated from Engine Oil Contaminated Soil in Ilorin

Fungi with hydrocarbon degrading capabilities were isolated from spent engine oil contaminated soil obtained from five automobile workshops in Ilorin, Nigeria. Preliminary analysis of degradation of the hydrocarbon was performed using Mineral Salts Medium (MSM). The organisms identified include Aspergillus sp., Blastomyces dermatitidis, Cladophialophora bantiana, Mucor circinelloides, Phaeoacremonium parasiticum, Rhizopus arrhizus, Neosartorya fischeri, Cladosporium sp. and Microsporium furrigenum. They were identified based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. Findings from this study showed Aspergillus sp. and Mucor circinelloides were able to degrade hexadecane, heptane, decane and petrol as sole carbon and energy source within 20days. Hydrocarbon utilization rate ranged from 0.020 to 0.284 for heptane, 0.0120 to 0.4965 for decane, 0.079 to 0.340 for hexadecane and 0.023 to 0.268 for petrol. Measurement of optical density and pH was carried to determine hydrocarbon degradation by fungi. The results of this study shows that fungi can play important roles in the effective clean-up of hydrocarbon contaminated soils thereby making them environmentally friendly.Keywords: Engine Oil, Fungi, Soil, hydrocarbons.

Determinants of farmers’ adoption of agroforestry technology in Ibarapa Area of Oyo State, Nigeria

This study examined the various forms of agroforestry technologies adopted by the farmers as well as assessed the factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry technologies among farmers in the study area. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the respondents from the study area. Both descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages as well as inferential statistics such as Logistic Regression model were used in the study. From the study, it was discovered that adopters of agroforestry technology accounts for 42.47%, while non-adopters accounted for 57.53% of the sampled respondents. The result further shows the different forms of  agroforestry practices adopted by the farmers in the study area which includes boundary planting, multipurpose trees/shrubs, wind breaks and live fencing. The result of the analysis of the factors that influence the adoption of agroforestry technologies among farmers from the logistic regression analysis revealed that access to extension services, age, education, farming experience, farm size and gender were positive and significant factors in determining the adoption of agroforestry technologies among the farmers

Promoting Sustainability in Africa’s Small Industries: An Exploratory Study of Intermediary Performance Drivers

Many advanced countries have increasingly sought to promote sustainability in the small-scale industries of developing countries. Available evidence however, suggests sustainability promotion programmes may be yielding only limited success. In this study, performance drivers of the intermediaries delivering the programmes is explored. Research methodology adopts a multiple case-study of National Cleaner Production Centres (NCPCs) across four countries in Africa. Data collection involved semi-structured expert interviews with 51 experts across all four countries. This was combined with 29 weeks of field visits between the countries. Extensive desk research on the NCPCs and their national contexts was also performed to provide additional relevant data. The study applies the inductive grounded-theory approach in analysing data and identifying performance drivers. Key findings are (1) that there are eighteen determinants of intermediary performance ten of which may be considered key, (2) that performance determinants as construed by intermediaries are distinct from factors traditionally known to drive sustainability among small industries, (3) that a relationship may exist between the national context of the intermediary and its performance, (4) that there may be an opportunity to tailor existing frameworks on organizational performance to better suit intermediaries and (5) that a more critical approach to intermediary performance among key stakeholders may help unlock greater impact of sustainability programmes. Theoretical contributions are (1) creation of an expanded view of factors known to drive sustainability among small industries (2) a set of hypotheses between intermediary performance and international environmental programme impact, national contexts, public organizational performance frameworks, and sustainability adoption in small industries and (3) the development of a new conceptual framework to guide further study and dialogue on intermediary performance. Novelty of this study spans four points: (1) Previous studies on small industries and sustainability have focused mainly on the small industries, i.e. the recipient of sustainability support programmes. This is one of the first to focus on the intermediary. (2) Previous studies have focused mainly on developed countries such as the UK. This is one of the first to address the developing country context. (3) Previous studies on sustainability promotion in small industries have adopted a programme-based framework. This is one of the first to adopt an organizational performance based framework. (4) No previous studies known to the researcher have explored the possibility for synergies between intermediaries and the emerging community of social enterprises in developing countries within the context of sustainability support programme delivery The key limitation of this study lies in the fact that it seeks to address the question on intermediary performance using data almost exclusively from the intermediaries. This limitation provides an opportunity to conduct further research on the topic using data from a wider array of stakeholders. Methodological limitations such as the use of a qualitative approach, the use of the case study method, and the use of a grounded theory technique are acknowledged. However, these limitations are considered preferable to those of the alternatives. Standard reliability measures including triangulation and member-checking have been adopted to mitigate methodological limitations. Future research may explore the performance determinants of the intermediary from the lenses of a broader selection of stakeholders including donors, and the recipient small industries. This could help improve the reliability of current findings. The role and process of organizational learning in intermediaries; and the relationship between organizational learning and performance, are additional research areas that could augment the contribution of the current study. Insights from such research may help unlock step improvements in the future design and delivery of sustainability programmes to small industries in developing countries