HUBUNGAN ANTARA MOTIVASI DAN MASA KERJA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PT PERTAMINA GEOTHERMAL ENERGY AREA LAHENDONG PLTP UNIT V DAN VI TOMPASO KABUPATEN MINAHASA

Indonesia tercatat masih memiliki tingkat produktivitas kerja yang rendah dalam lingkup regional Asia. Posisi Indonesia masih dibawah Malaysia dan Singapura dijelaskan dalam laporan Asian Productivity Organization (APO) Productivity Databook 2019. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan  motivasi dan masa kerja dengan produktivitas kerja karyawan PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Area Lahendong PLTP Unit V dan VI di Tompaso Kabupaten Minahasa. Penelitian ini bersifat survei analitik dengan desain cross sectional study, dilaksanakan Maret 2020 – Februari 2021 pada karyawan PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Area Lahendong PLTP Unit 5 dan 6 Tompaso dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 63 responden. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini meliputi analisis univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Pearson (p≤0.05). Hasil uji Pearson menunjukan nilai signifikansi atau p value= 0,000 (< 0,05) yang berarti terdapat hubungan antara motivasi kerja dan produktivitas kerja. Arah korelasi positif yang berarti semakin tinggi motivasi kerja karyawan produktivitas kerjannya akan semakin meningkat. Nilai Pearson Correlation sebesar (0,466) artinya motivasi kerja karyawan berkorelasi cukup dengan produktivitas kerja. Hubungan antara masa kerja dan produktivitas kerja menggunakan uji Pearson didapati nilai signifikansi atau p value= 0,012 (< 0,05) artinya terdapat hubungan masa kerja dan produktivitas kerja. Arah korelasi positif yang berarti semakin bertambah masa kerja karyawan,  produktivitas kerjannya cenderung semakin meningkat. Nilai Pearson Correlation sebesar (0,313) artinya masa kerja karyawan berkorelasi cukup dengan produktivitas kerja. Kata Kunci: Motivasi, Masa Kerja, Produktivitas Kerja ABSTRACTIndonesia is recorded as having a low level of work productivity in the Asian region. Indonesia's position is still below Malaysia and Singapore is explained in the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) Productivity Databook 2019 report. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between motivation and working period with the work productivity of PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Area Lahendong PLTP Unit 5 and 6 Tompaso Minahasa employees. This research is an analytical survey with cross sectional study design, conducted in March 2020 – February 2021 of PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Area Lahendong PLTP Unit 5 and 6 Tompaso employees with 63 respondents. Data analysis includes univariate and bivariate analysis using Pearson test (p≥0.05). Pearson's test results showed a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05) meaning there was correlation between work motivation and work productivity. Pearson Correlation value (0.466) means that employee work motivation is sufficiently correlated with work productivity. Correlation between work period and work productivity using the Pearson test found a significance value or p value= 0.012 (< 0.05) meaning there was correlation between working period and work productivity. Pearson Correlation value (0.313) means that an employee's work period is sufficiently correlated with work productivity. Keyword: Motivation, Work Period, Work Productivit

Hubungan Interaksi Sosial Dengan Kualitas Hidup Lansia Di Bplu Senja Cerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

: Globally, the population of the elderly continue to rise. The increase of the number of elderly people is accompanied with a rise in health problems that are associated with the elderly. The degenerative process on the elderly causes the degeneration of the physical, psychological, and social conditions. One of the impacts of social change that is experienced by the elderly is the self-withdrawal of the elderly from their living environment. The purpose of the research is to analyze the association between social interaction and the quality of life of the elderly at BPLU Senja Cerah in North Sulawesi Province. The method of research is analytical descriptive with a cross-sectional design. The sample-taking technique in the research is purposive sampling with 32 samples. The collecting of data is done using a questionnaire. The processing of data uses the software computer with chi-square with the level of confidence interval of 95% (α=0,05). The results of the research shows the number of respondents with a good level of social interaction is 21 respondents, with 4 (12,5%) respondents having a sufficient quality of life, and 16 (50,0%) respondents with a high quality of life, while there are 12 respondents with a sufficient level of social interaction, where 9 (28,1%) respondents show a sufficient quality of life and 3 (9,4%) of respondents with a high quality of life and there is a p value of 0,004 < 0,05. This conclusion shows that there is a relationship between social interaction and the quality of life in the elderly

Pediatric day case surgery: Experience from a tertiary health institution in Nigeria

Background : The general observation that children achieve better convalescence in the home environment supports the need for adoption of day case surgery, which is gaining considerable acceptance in developing countries. Pediatric surgical service is in great demand in developing countries, and in-patient beds and surgical supplies are insufficient. Method : A prospective collection of data on all pediatric day surgeries (PDSs) by the pediatric surgical unit University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH, Ilorin, was done. Parents had pre-operative outpatient briefing and postoperative interviews on the second and ninth days for consultation regarding post-operative complications and events at home. Study period was between April 2005 and September 2007 (2\ubd years). Results : Of the 660 elective cases, 449 (68.02%) children were recruited as day cases. The male-to-female ratio was 14.3:1. Age ranged between 20 days and 15 years with a mean of 37.6 months and standard deviation (SD) of 34.4 months. Congenital hernias/ hydroceles were the highest indications (71.2%), followed by lump/ masses (12.9%), undescended testes (8.7%), umbilical hernias (4.8%) and thyroglossal duct cyst (2.5%). In 98.9% of cases, the parents resided within 20 km radius of the hospital, and 91.5% of them could reach the hospital within 1 hour. Fathers and mothers of 80.1% and 77.1% of children, respectively, had above-primary education. More than half of the fathers (55%) were civil servants, while 30% were self-employed. The mothers were civil servants in 37.3% of cases, and 34% were self-employed. The average number of outpatient clinic visits before surgery was 2-3 visits (41.2%) with mean interval to surgery of 4-5 weeks (60.3%). Logistics (investigations and availability of operation list) and patient\u2032s fitness for surgery were statistically significant delay factors (P= 0.001). Conclusion : Parents reported 14 children to be irritable at home due to pain, while the others reported satisfactory day case experience. No unplanned admission or mortality was recorded, and only 3 (0.8%) parents would not recommend day case surgery to other people. Conclusion: Pediatric day case surgery is feasible for well-selected and monitored cases in our environment. Term neonates with informed parents are suitable for pediatric day case surgery. There is a need for a day case center to reduce waiting list at UITH.Arri\ue8re-plan: Le observation g\ue9n\ue9rale que les enfants atteindre convalescence mieux \ue0 la maison environnement prend en charge la n\ue9cessit\ue9 d\u2019adoption de la chirurgie affaire jour qui gagne plus d\u2019acceptations dans les pays en d\ue9veloppement. Service Chirurgie p\ue9diatrique est en grande demande aux pays en d\ue9veloppement et de lits de remboursement des soins et de fournitures chirurgicales sont insuffi santes. M\ue9thode: UN prospective collecte de donn\ue9es sur tous les enfants PDS par le p\ue9diatrique chirurgicale unit\ue9 de UITH, Ilorin a \ue9t\ue9 faite. Parents avaient pr\ue9op\ue9ratoire externe briefi ng et entrevues post op\ue9rationnels sur le deuxi\ue8me et le neuvi\ue8me jour pour post-operative les complications et les \ue9v\ue9nements \ue0 la maison. P\ue9riode d\u2019\ue9tude a \ue9t\ue9 entre avril 2005 et Septembre 2007 (2,5 ans). R\ue9sultats: De les 660 enfants (68.02 %) de 449 \ue9lectif cas ont \ue9t\ue9 recrut\ue9s comme cas de la journ\ue9e. UN m\ue2le \ue0 ratio f\ue9minin de 14,3: 1. \uc2ge varie entre 20 jours et 15 ans avec signifi e mois 37.6 et SD 34,4 mois. Cong\ue9nitales hernias/ hydroceles ont \ue9t\ue9 les indications plus \ue9lev\ue9es (71.2 %) suivies par forfaitaire/masses (12,9 %), undescended testes (8,7 %), ombilical hernias (4,8 %) et thyroglossal canaux kyste (2,5 %). Dans 98.9 % des cas les parents r\ue9sident dans le rayon de 20 km de l\u2019h\uf4pital et 91,5 % d\u2019entre eux pourrait atteindre l\u2019h\uf4pital dans 1 heure. Les p\ue8res et m\ue8res avaient au-dessus de l\u2019enseignement primaire dans % 80.1 et 77.1 % respectivement. Plus de la moiti\ue9 des p\ue8res (55 %) \ue9taient des civile fonctionnaires, alors que 30 % \ue9taient travailleurs autonomes. Les m\ue8res ont \ue9t\ue9 des fonctionnaires en 37,3 % cas et 34 % \ue9taient travailleurs autonomes. Moyenne clinique externe visites avant une intervention chirurgicale est 2-3times (41.2 %) avec intervalle moyenne \ue0 la chirurgie de 4-5 semaines (60,3 %). Logistique (enqu\ueates et la disponibilit\ue9 de liste de l\u2019op\ue9ration) et les patients de l\u2019ad\ue9quation \ue0 une intervention chirurgicale \ue9taient statistiquement facteurs de retard signifi catif (valeur p = 0.001). Parents a signal\ue9 14 enfants d\u2019\ueatre irritable chez eux en raison de douleur pendant les autres signal\ue9 exp\ue9rience affaire jour satisfaisante. Aucune admission non planifi \ue9e ou la mortalit\ue9 enregistr\ue9e et seulement 3 parents (0,8 %) ne recommanderaient pas une intervention chirurgicale jour affaire \ue0 autres personnes. Conclusion: P\ue9diatrie Chirurgie affaire jour est possible pour les cas bien s\ue9lectionn\ue9s et surveill\ue9s dans notre environnement. Neonates \ue0 terme, avec les parents inform\ue9s sont adapt\ue9es pour p\ue9diatrique Chirurgie affaire de jour. Il est n\ue9cessaire pour un centre d\u2019affaire de jour r\ue9duire la liste d\u2019attente

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Pediatric day case surgery: Experience from a tertiary health institution in Nigeria

Background : The general observation that children achieve better convalescence in the home environment supports the need for adoption of day case surgery, which is gaining considerable acceptance in developing countries. Pediatric surgical service is in great demand in developing countries, and in-patient beds and surgical supplies are insufficient. Method : A prospective collection of data on all pediatric day surgeries (PDSs) by the pediatric surgical unit University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH, Ilorin, was done. Parents had pre-operative outpatient briefing and postoperative interviews on the second and ninth days for consultation regarding post-operative complications and events at home. Study period was between April 2005 and September 2007 (2½ years). Results : Of the 660 elective cases, 449 (68.02%) children were recruited as day cases. The male-to-female ratio was 14.3:1. Age ranged between 20 days and 15 years with a mean of 37.6 months and standard deviation (SD) of 34.4 months. Congenital hernias/ hydroceles were the highest indications (71.2%), followed by lump/ masses (12.9%), undescended testes (8.7%), umbilical hernias (4.8%) and thyroglossal duct cyst (2.5%). In 98.9% of cases, the parents resided within 20 km radius of the hospital, and 91.5% of them could reach the hospital within 1 hour. Fathers and mothers of 80.1% and 77.1% of children, respectively, had above-primary education. More than half of the fathers (55%) were civil servants, while 30% were self-employed. The mothers were civil servants in 37.3% of cases, and 34% were self-employed. The average number of outpatient clinic visits before surgery was 2-3 visits (41.2%) with mean interval to surgery of 4-5 weeks (60.3%). Logistics (investigations and availability of operation list) and patient's fitness for surgery were statistically significant delay factors (P= 0.001). Conclusion : Parents reported 14 children to be irritable at home due to pain, while the others reported satisfactory day case experience. No unplanned admission or mortality was recorded, and only 3 (0.8%) parents would not recommend day case surgery to other people. Conclusion: Pediatric day case surgery is feasible for well-selected and monitored cases in our environment. Term neonates with informed parents are suitable for pediatric day case surgery. There is a need for a day case center to reduce waiting list at UITH

New method of hand anastomosis to complete the Duhamel operation for Hirschsprung\'s disease

Objective/Purpose: This paper describes a new method of hand anastomosis to complete the Duhamel operation for Hirschsprung\'s disease (HD). Methodology: All patients had diagnosis of Hirschsrung\'s disease confirmed by rectal biopsy and had defunctioning colostomy. At the definitive operation, the ganglionic bowel was brought down in a retro-rectal position and anastomosed at the anal canal just above the dentate line. At this anastomosis, the sutures at 11 and 1 o\'clock were left long as stay sutures. An incision was then made down the new bowel at the antimesenteric border from the pelvic brim. Another incision was made down the back of the native rectum. A long-curved artery forceps was then passed into the incision in the native rectum out of the anal canal. This forceps was now hooked round the anastomosis at 12 o\'clock and further pushed in until the point appears through the colotomy in the ganglionic bowel. The two layers of bowel between the forceps were incised. The forceps was now inserted to grab the long sutures at 11 o\'clock and 1 o\'clock in turn, and delivered through the pelvis. Anastomosis between the edges of the native rectum and the neorectum was then done with interrupted PDS inside and silk outside. Results: Seven patients had the procedure done. Age ranged between 4 months and 4 years (mean 3.4 years). They were all males. One patient died early in the series from reaction to postoperative analgesia. Four older patients have bowel motions 2-3 times per day, do not soil at night, and are fully continent. Conclusion: This preliminary study shows that hand anastomosis could be used to complete Duhamel operation for patients with HD with satisfactory early results. African Journal of Paediatric Surgery Vol. 5 (1) 2008: pp. 40-4

Analisis dan Penerapan Algoritma K-Means dalam Strategi Promosi Kampus Akademi Maritim Suaka Bahari

Proses penerimaan calon mahasiswa baru di Akademi Maritim Suaka Bahari setiap tahun menghasilkan data yang sangat banyak berupa profil calon mahasiswa. Kegiatan tersebut menimbulkan penumpukan data dalam jumlah besar, hal ini menjadi kesulitan untuk melakukan identifikasi terhadap calon mahasiswa. Penelitian ini membahas tentang penerapan data mining untuk menghasilkan profil yang memiliki kemiripan atribut yang sama. Salah satu teknik data mining yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi suatu kelompok dari objek yang memiliki karakteristik yang sama adalah Analisis Cluster. Metode clustering data dibagi kedalam bentuk satu atau lebih cluster/kelompok yang memiliki karakteristik sama disebut K-means. Metode yang penulis gunakan adalah knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) yang terdiri dari Data, Data Cleaning, Data transformation, Data mining, Pattern evolution, knowledge. Implementasi proses K-means Clustering menggunakan Rapid Miner. Atribut yang digunakan NIT, Tingkat, Nama, Status Mahasiswa, Jenis Pendaftaran, Jenis Kelamin, Tempat Lahir, Tgl Lahir, Agama, Asal Sekolah, Jurusan Asal Sekolah, Agama, IPK, Kecamatan, Kab/Kota, Provinsi. Menghasilkan jumlah cluster 30 (k=30). Dari hasil penelitiam berdasarkan uji davies bouldin pada algoritma K-means menghasilkan nilai paling mendekati 0 adalah k = 29 dengan Davies bouldin: 0.070, dengan persebaran anggota cluster terbanyak ada pada cluster 16 berisi anggota cluster 115 items