REMINERALIZATION OF PRIMARY MOLAR DENTINE WITH SILVER DIAMINE FLUORIDE AND SODIUM FLUORIDE : AN IN VITRO STUDY

ABSTRACT Objectives: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) offers a minimally invasive and inexpensive alternative to traditional restorative caries treatment. Aim of this study was to evaluate the mineral density value and remineralization effect of 38% SDF solution and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on artificial primary tooth dentin caries lesions. Materials and Methods: 54 extracted sound primary molars were demineralized and allocated into two groups: SDF and NaF groups. After pH-cycling, mineral density values (MDV) were assessed with micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and surface morphology were studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: After remineralization agents were apllied and specimens pH-cycled, the MDVs of the Region of Interest (ROI) in lesions increased in both NaF and SDF group. The mean MDV of SDF applied specimens was found to be higher than NaF applied specimens at statistically significant level. In the SEM images, it was observed that the dentinal tubules orifices were occluded almost completely in SDF group while the orifices in NaF group were partially occluded. Conclusions: The use of 38% SDF demonstrated a great remineralization effect on primary molar dentin than 5% NaF varnish. Further clinical studies are needed to investigate the effect of 38% SDF on primary molars which remains in the mouth longer than incisors and have a great function on chewing

Morphometric Evaluation of Coccyx with Microcomputed Tomography (Micro CT) and Computed Tomography (CT) Technology

Aim%253A We investigated the coccyx anatomy accurately in detail by microcomputed tomography (micro CT) and computed tomography (CT) to contribute to the data related to the coccyx anatomy and the potential clinical contribution of these datas in the treatment of coccyxs pathologies. Material and Methods%253A Twenty coccyges from embalmed cadavers were examined with a micro CT device. The inferior part of the sacrum and coccyx together with the surrounding soft tissue was removed safely. The tissue was scanned with a micro CT device, and all parameters were measured with micro CT image viewer programs. CT images of 29 patients without coccyx pathology were measured with OsiriX programs. Measured morphometric parameters with micro CT and CT were evaluated using statistical methods. Results%253A Generally, the morphometric parameters as mean values were larger in males than in females. Mean values for vertical length and coccyx width were higher for CT compared with micro CT images. Coccyx was more flat in the frontal plane in females. There were statistically significant differences between the micro CT and CT images regarding mean vertical length, width, lateral deviation angle, and sacrococcygeal angle and length of the vertebrae (p lt%253B 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in number and width of the vertebrae (p gt%253B 0.05). Conclusion%253A We suggest that examining the normal coccyx morphology will help to better understand and treat the pathologic conditions of the coccyx. We believe our findings will contribute to the data related to the coccyx anatomy

Articulatio Temporomandibularis'in Anatomik Ölçümlerinin Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Değerlendirilmesi

Temporomandibular joint is located in between the mandible and temporal bones of both sides bilaterally and functions synchroniously. During speaking and chewing; the mandible performs many movements. Therefore; it differentiates from other joints of cranium via its mobility. Disorders of temporomandibular joint is one of the most popular joint pathologies which effects the daily life of many patients. Additionally, less than a half of these joint disorders are being reported by the patients. The aim of this study was to examine the detailed anatomy of the joint in a large series of population divided into age groups. These morphometric measurements were performed both on the right and left sides separately and the comparisons were done according to side, age and sex. In the study, all of the measurements were done in the cone beam computed tomography images of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females). In all of these patients; the radiology of temporomandibular joints was anatomically normal. In the morphometric analysis, by using many parameters; the distance in between the mandibular fossa and mandibular condyle; the angles in between the ramus of the mandible and mandibular condyle; the bone measurements of mandibular condyle and the relations of mandibular fossa, articular tubercle and zygomatic arch were detected according to side differences (right or left side), sex and age groups. The statistical analysis of all these data was performed and the statistically significant differences according to side of the joint, gender and age groups were reported. Additionally; the corelations in between all these parameters and the corelations in between the ages of the patients were also detected. In the comparison of our study and the studies found in the literature; the main differences were our larger anatomically normal series and higher number of morphometric parameters. We believe that all these data will make a contribution to the literature.İÇİNDEKİLER ONAY SAYFASI iii YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI iv ETİK BEYAN v TEŞEKKÜR vi ÖZET vii ABSTRACT viii İÇİNDEKİLER ix SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR xii ŞEKİLLER xiv TABLOLAR xvii 1. GİRİŞ 1 2.GENEL BİLGİLER 3 2.1. Embriyoloji 3 2.2. Histoloji 5 2.3. Anatomi 7 2.3.1. Eklemin Yapısı 8 2.3.2. Articulatio Temporomandibularis’in Ligamentleri 12 2.3.3. Articulatio Temporomandibularis’in Damarları ve Sinirleri 15 2.3.4. Eklemin Biyomekaniği 15 2.3.5. Articulatio Temporomandibularis ile İlgili Klinik Bulgular 18 2.4. Radyolojik Değerlendirme 21 2.4.1. Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (KIBT) 22 3. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEMLER 25 3.1.Çalışma Grubu 25 3.2. Görüntü Değerlendirme Yöntemi 25 3.3. Verilerin Toplanması 26 3.3.1. Koronal Kesit Ölçümleri 27 3.3.2. Sagittal Kesit Ölçümleri 32 3.3.3. Aksiyal Kesit Ölçümleri 35 3.3.4. Üç Boyutlu Yeniden Kemiklendirme ile Yapılan Ölçümler 36 3.3.5. Condylus Mandibulae’lara Ait Kemik Dokusunun Ölçümleri 38 ix 3.4. İstatistiksel Analiz 40 4. BULGULAR 42 4.1. Veri Analizi 42 4.2. Değişkenlerin Tanımlayıcı İstatistikleri 43 4.3. Değişkenlerin Cinsiyet ve Yaş Gruplarına Göre Değerlendirilmesi 48 4.3.1. Condylus Mandibulae’lar Arası Açı 48 4.3.2. Condylus Mandibulae Genişliği 48 4.3.3. Fossa Mandibularis ile Condylus Mandibulae’nın Medial Ucu Arasındaki Mesafe 50 4.3.4. Fossa Mandibularis ile Condylus Mandibulae’nın Lateral Ucu Arasındaki Mesafe 52 4.3.5. Fossa Mandibularis ile Condylus Mandibulae’nın Tepe Noktası Arasındaki Mesafenin Koronal Eksenden Ölçülmesi 54 4.3.6. Condylus Mandibulae’nın Uzun Ekseni ile Horizontal Düzlem Arasındaki Açı 57 4.3.7. Ramus Mandibulae’nın Uzun Ekseni ile Vertikal Düzlem Arasındaki Açı 59 4.3.8. Condylus Mandibulae’nın Uzun Ekseni ile Ramus Mandibulae’nın Uzun Ekseni Arasındaki Açı 61 4.3.9. Fossa Mandibularis ile Condylus Mandibulae’nın Tepe Noktası Arasındaki Mesafenin Sagittal Eksenden Ölçülmesi 63 4.3.10. Condylus Mandibulae’nın Orta Noktası ile Condylus Mandibulae’nın Tepe Noktası Arasındaki Mesafe 66 4.3.11. Condylus Mandibulae’nın Orta Noktası ile Fossa Mandibularis Arasındaki Mesafe 68 4.3.12. Tuberculum Articulare Eğimi 70 4.3.13. Tuberculum Articulare Yüksekliği 72 4.3.14. Tuberculum Articulare ile Fossa Mandibularis Arasındaki Mesafe 74 4.3.15. Tuberculum Articulare’nin Uzun Ekseni ile Arcus Zygomaticus’un Transvers Ekseni Arası Açı 77 4.3.16. Condylus Mandibulae’ya Ait Kemik Hacmi 79 4.3.17. Condylus Mandibulae’ya Ait Toplam Doku Hacmi 81 x 4.3.18. Condylus Mandibulae’ya Ait Kemik Yüzey Alanı 83 4.3.19. Condylus Mandibulae’ya Ait Kemik Dokunun Yüzdesel Oranı 86 4.4. Değişkenlerin Birbirleri ile İlişkileri 88 5. TARTIŞMA 99 6. SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER 117 7. KAYNAKLAR 120 8. EKLER Ek 1. Tez Çalışması ile ilgili Etik Kurul İzinleri Ek 2. Tez Çalışması ile ilgili Etik Kurul Değişikliği 9. ÖZGEÇMİŞArticulatio temporomandibularis; mandibula ile her iki tarafın os temporale’si arasında bulunan, bilateral ve her zaman eş zamanlı olarak çalışan bir eklemdir. Konuşma ve çiğneme fonksiyonları sırasında mandibula’ya hareket imkanı sağlar ve bu hareketliliği nedeni ile kafa iskeletinde bulunan diğer eklemlerden ayrılır. Articulatio temporomandibularis düzensizlikleri; hastaların en sık şikâyet ettikleri eklem patolojilerinden biridir. Bununla birlikte; eklem ile ilgili patolojik durumların ancak yarısından azı raporlanabilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı; articulatio temporomandibularis’in anatomik ölçümlerini sağ ve sol eklem tarafı, yaş grupları ve cinsiyete göre geniş serilerde değerlendirerek literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Çalışmamızda, articulatio temporomandibularis’leri radyolojik olarak normal anatomik yapıda olan 100 bireyin (50’si erkek, 50’si kadın) konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntülerinde ölçümler gerçekleştirildi. Bu ölçümler ışığında sağ ve sol eklem taraflarına, cinsiyetlere ve yaş gruplarına göre fossa mandibularis ile condylus mandibulae arasındaki mesafeler, ramus mandibulae ve condylus mandibulae ile ilgili açılar, condylus mandibulae’ya ait kemik ölçümleri ve tuberculum articulare ile fossa mandibularis ve arcus zygomaticus ilişkilerini inceleyen çok sayıda parametre tanımlandı. Çalışmamız sonucu elde edilen verilerle, bu parametrelerin sağ ve sol eklem tarafları, cinsiyetler ve yaş grupları bakımından istatistiksel değerlendirmeleri yapıldı ve aralarında anlamlı farklılıkların bulunduğu tespit edildi. Ayrıca bu parametrelerin birbirleri ile ve yaş ile olan ilişkileri ortaya konuldu. Literatürde yer alan araştırmalar ile tez çalışmamız karşılaştırıldığında; çalışmamızda daha geniş serilere yer vermemiz ve çok sayıdaki parametreyi anatomik olarak normal bireylerden oluşan geniş serilerimizde ayrı ayrı değerlendirmemiz sonucunda elde edilen verilerin literatüre katkı sağlayacağını düşünmekteyiz

Implementation of an Internet of Things Device Management Interface

The Internet is growing from connecting only computers and mobile devices to connecting also objects in the real life to the Internet, to create an Internet of Things (IoT). Interconnected Internet of Things unveils the environmental data from these objects to the use of complex applications and systems in the Internet and the cloud, which is supposed to make the boundaries between the real world and the digital world transparent. However, these devices will mainly be resource constrained, simple, sleepy devices such as sensors and the number of devices connected to the net- work is expected to be very high. Hence, these two factors introduce the problem of device management in IoT networks. The thesis proposes the design and implementation of a fundamental device management interface for IoT networks and devices, combining IoT-specific features and protocols such as CoAP, LWM2M and Publish/Subscribe with the existing Web frameworks and protocols such HTTP and WebSocket. Real-time management and monitoring of large-scale devices is one of the IoT-specific core features of the inter- face along with other management features. The interface analyzes the integration of additional features such as anomaly detection in IoT device data and error reporting mechanisms. Moreover, the management interface is designed as a standalone application over the existing Capillary Networks architecture, which targets at providing connectivity for resource constrained devices and optimizing IoT devices with cloud instances. Hence, the management interface extensively uses the features and entities provided by the Capillary Networks via large set of REST APIs. The design of the interface focuses on the IoT-specific problems of device management, which structures the implementation accordingly. The implementation of the interface is evaluated at the end of the thesis with stress tests and comparison with initial requirements. The evaluation is then followed by possible future work to enhance the interface performance and extendibility to future IoT networks

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Chemo-mechanical and Traditional Caries Removal Methods in Primary Teeth Using Micro-Computed Tomography

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate dentin mineral density before and after caries removal with the traditional caries removal technique and chemo mechanical method, with or without the use of caries detection dye. Our null hypothesis was that the chemo mechanical method with minimally invasive treatment would achieve an effect similar to that of conservative pediatric dentistry treatment. Forty-eight extracted human primary molar were used in this study. Materials and Methods: The two main study groups underwent treatment with the chemo mechanical and traditional methods. The teeth were then treated with chemo mechanical and traditional caries removal approach. Teeth were scanned with the same voxel sizes using micro-CT images to figure out the difference dentin mineral density and to calculate the removed (excavated) dentinal volume after chemo mechanical or traditional method application. Results: The results showed increase of cavity volume in the chemo mechanical and traditional method groups. No significant difference was found for cavity volume and dentinal carious volume in both groups (p˃0,05). The mineral density values of demineralized dentin were between 0.52-0.66 g/cm3 before caries removal, and 1.39-1.59 g/cm3 after removing caries. These values were found to be within the range of healthy dentin mineral density values again without any significant difference between groups (p˃0,05). Conclusions: In conclusion, chemo mechanical can be used effectively for removing the caries in the primary molar teeth similar to conservative treatments

Does cad software affect the marginal and internal fit of milled full ceramic crowns?

Although the effects of different intraoral scanners, model scanners, and CAM units on the marginal and internal fitting of restorations have been investigated, the effects of CAD software in particular has not been evaluated. The marginal and internal fit of indirect restorations may vary according to the CAD software used, even when using the same intraoral scanner and milling machine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of milled full ceramic crowns designed with three different CAD systems. Eleven typodont maxillary first premolar teeth were prepared and scanned using a 3Shape TRIOS Intraoral Dental Scanner. The obtained STL scan data were exported and used to design a full crown using three different CAD systems (CEREC, KaVo, and Planmeca). An independent milling unit was used to manufacture the crowns for each group (n = 11). The marginal and internal fit were evaluated for each restoration using 2D and 3D micro-CT analysis. For 2D analysis, 18 measurements for each sample were made, covering the marginal (Marginal Gap Buccal (MG-A), Marginal Gap Palatinal (MG-B), Finish Line Buccal (FL-A), Finish Line Palatinal (FA-B)) and internal fit locations (Axial Wall Buccal (AW-A), Axial Wall Palatinal (AW-B), Lingual Cusp (LC), Buccal Cusp (BC), and Occlusal Central Fossa (OCF)). Statistical analyses were performed using Open Source R Statistical Software (α = 0.05) The results of Duncan's multiple range test showed that the values for the marginal measurement points MG-A, MG-B, FL-A, and FL-B in the Planmeca group were significantly higher than the values obtained in the CEREC and KaVo groups (p < 0.05). In AW1, values of the CEREC group were found to be higher than those of the KaVo and Planmeca groups (p < 0.05). CAD software showed an effect on the marginal fit values of crowns whereas no significant difference was observed in terms of the internal fit, except for a single measurement point made from the buccal direction

Effect of ProTaper Gold, Self-Adjusting File, and XP-endo Shaper Instruments on Dentinal Microcrack Formation: A Micro-computed Tomographic Study

Ocak, Mert/0000-0001-6832-6208; Celik, Hakan Hamdi/0000-0002-7909-7604WOS: 000405164000022PubMed: 28476466Introduction: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of dentinal microcracks observed after root canal preparation with ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK), ProTaper Gold (PTG; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties), Self Adjusting File (SAF; ReDent Nova, Ra'anana, Israel), and XP-endo Shaper (XP; FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) instruments using micro computed tomographic (CT) analysis. Methods: Forty extracted human mandibular premolars having single-canal and straight root were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups (n = 10) according to the different nickel titanium systems used for root canal preparation: PTU, PTG, SAF, and XP. in the SAF and XP groups, the canals were first prepared with a K-file until #25 at the working length, and then the SAF or XP files were used. the specimens were scanned using high-resolution micro computed tomographic imaging before and after root canal preparation. Afterward, preoperative and postoperative cross-sectional images of the teeth were screened to identify the presence of dentinal defects. For each group, the number of microcracks was determined as a percentage rate. the McNemar test was used to determine significant differences before and after instrumentation. the level of significance was set at P < .05. Results: the PTU system significantly increased the percentage rate of microcracks compared with preoperative specimens (P < .05). No new dentinal microcracks were observed in the PTG, SAF, or XP groups. Conclusions: Root canal preparations with the PTG, SAF, and XP systems did not induce the formation of new dentinal microcracks on straight root canals of mandibular premolars

Resveratrol prevents ovariectomy-induced bone quality deterioration by improving the microarchitectural and biophysicochemical properties of bone

WOS:000967277900001PubMed ID:37031330Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major health problem that is very common worldwide and is characterized by both low bone density and deterioration in bone quality. New treatment options without side effects have become an active area of research in recent years. This study was designed to investigate the preventive effects of resveratrol on bone quality deterioration caused by ovariectomy. Materials and Methods: Sixty rats were randomly divided into five groups (12 animals per group): Control, Sham-operated (SHAM), ovariectomized (OVX), OVX + Resveratrol-40 mg/kg/day (OVX + Res40), OVX + Resveratrol-80 mg/kg/day (OVX + Res80). Resveratrol was administered by oral gavage (40 and 80 mg/kg/day) for ten weeks. Micro-CT measurements, biomechanical testing, Raman spectroscopy analysis, and RT-PCR analysis were performed. ALP, OCN, TAS, and TOS levels were also measured from blood serum. Results: Bone strength, bone volume/total volume, trabecular volume, and trabecular thickness were higher in the OVX + RES-80 group than in the OVX group. Resveratrol increased osteogenic differentiation, as the expression of osteogenic markers ALP, Col1A1, Runx2, OPG, OCN increased in both OVX + RES-80 and OVX + RES-40 groups compared to the OVX group. 80 mg/kg/day resveratrol administration decreased the levels of ALP, OCN and TOS in ovariectomized rats. Raman spectroscopy findings showed a preventive effect of resveratrol administration against ovariectomy-induced deterioration in biophysiochemical properties of bone tissue. Conclusion: This study revealed that administration of different doses of 80 mg/kg/day and 40 mg/kg/day of resveratrol had protective effects on bone quality deterioration caused by ovariectomy