Composite resins: why not? / Resinas compostas: por que não?

Direct and indirect restorative techniques have shown clinical longevity. However, composite resins allow the achievement of highly aesthetic treatments and are low-cost procedures with minimal or no wear and are easy to repair. The purpose of this manuscript is stimulate a reflection among readers, avoiding either influences by fads or immediacy or by the social media, remaining firm in the purpose of promoting health respecting the maximum preservation of the dental structure, mainly in young patients. The present article describes the use of composite resin in five clinical cases, demonstrating that direct composite resin restorations should be the treatment of choice to save sound dental structure in addition to a low cost and aesthetic results

Effects of low molecular weight heparin on alveolar bone loss in wistar rats

This study aimed to assess the effects of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on alveolar bone loss (ABL), blood count, and counting of megakaryocytes and adipocytes in male Wistar rats. Forty male 60-day Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (C), Periodontal Disease (PD), Heparin (Hp) and Heparin + Periodontal Disease (Hp+PD). LMWH was applied for 60 days at doses of 1 ml/kg/day. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30 and 60. On day-49, PD and Hp+PD groups were subjected to ligature-induced periodontitis around second upper right molar. The left side was assessed as spontaneous alveolar bone loss. Mean ABL in the side with ligature showed significantly different between C (0.35±0.07 mm) and Hp+DP (0.49±0.09 mm) groups (p<0.001), between PD (0.55±0.11 mm) and Hp (0.32±0.06 mm) groups (p<0.001) and between Hp and Hp+DP groups (p<0.001). No significant differences were found among groups for ABL in the side without ligature. Animal weight, food intake, and water consumption showed no statistically significant difference among groups. Megakaryocytes and adipocytes were counted using optical microscopy and no statistically significant differences were found. Within-groups, there were an increase and a decrease, respectively, in the counting of lymphocytes (p=0.005 for C and p=0.009 for Hp+PD groups only) and leukocytes (p=0.003 for C, p=0.001 for PD, p=0.002 for Hp, and p<0.001 for Hp+PD groups). There was no decrease in the number of platelets in the three collection periods. LMWH was not able to affect ABL, but it may change the blood counting, especially increasing lymphocytes

Antimicrobial potential of essential oils mouthrinses with and without alcohol : a randomized clinical trial

Aim: This study aimed to compare the microbiological potential and gustatory perception of essential oils (EO) mouthrinses containing and not containing alcohol. Methods:Twenty healthy adult volunteers rinsed with 10mL of the following test solutions: EO with alcohol, EO without alcohol, or a control solution (saline solution with mint essence). A washout period of at least seven days was adopted after a single-use protocol of the respective solution. All participants used all three tested substances. Antimicrobial potential was assessed by counting salivary total viable bacteria both before and after each rinse. Gustatory perception was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Multiple comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon test, using Bonferroni correction. Results: Both EO solutions presented a higher antimicrobial potential in comparison to the control solution (p<0.017). However, no significant difference in antimicrobial potential was observed between EO containing or not containing alcohol (p=0.218). VAS of EO with alcohol (median: 2.7) was similar to control solution (median: 1.6) (p=0.287). A better gustatory perception was observed of the EO without alcohol (median 7.6) when compared to the control solution (p<0.0001). When EO groups were compared, EO without alcohol also demonstrated a significantly better gustatory perception (p=0.001). Conclusion: Mouthrinse containing EO without alcohol presented a better taste perception when compared to the EO with alcohol, but no difference was observed in the antimicrobial potential of both EO solutions after a single rinse protocol

Sexo e idade como fatores modificadores na remoção do biofilme supragengival

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the biofilm removal capacity according to sex and age. Material and methods: Seventy individuals aged between 21 and 70 years were included. Modified Navy Board Index (MNBI) was performed by a calibrated examiner. Individuals brushed their teeth with a brush for a minute, and the MNBI was applied again. The volunteers were asked to use the brush for seven days, twice a day, with standardized toothpaste. On day 7, the same procedures of the first visit were made. The percentages of removal of supragingival biofilm (whole-mouth, interproximal and gingival margin line) were calculated for each of the experimental periods. Comparisons were performed between genders and age using the t-test for independent samples. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: At baseline and after 7 days, women presented more dental plaque in whole mouth than men (p 37 years or older (pObjetivo: Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a capacidade de remoção do biofilme de acordo com o sexo e a idade. Materiais e métodos: Setenta indivíduos com idades entre 21 e 70 anos foram incluídos. Índice de Placa Modificado da Marinha (IPMM) foi realizado por um examinador calibrado. Em seguida, eles escovaram seus dentes com uma escova macia por um minuto, e o IPMM foi novamente aplicado. Os voluntários utilizaram a escova durante sete dias, duas vezes ao dia, com dentifrício padronizado. Após sete dias, os mesmos procedimentos da primeira visita foram realizados. Os percentuais de remoção de biofilme supragengival (boca inteira, interproximal e da linha gengival) foram calculados em cada um dos períodos experimentais. Comparações foram realizadas entre os sexos e idade com o uso de teste-t para amostras independentes. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Na consulta inicial e após 7 dias, mulheres apresentaram maior quantidade de placa na boca toda do que homens (p 37 anos (

Effects of alcohol and/or tobacco exposure on spontaneous alveolar bone loss in rats

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência do álcool e /ou tabaco na perda óssea alveolar espontânea em ratos Wistar. Para isto, foram utilizados 24 animais machos, com aproximadamente 290 g de peso. Estes, foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais: grupo controle (G1, N = 6), recebeu uma solução glicosada (5%) duas vezes por dia; grupo álcool (G2, N = 6) recebeu 2 g/kg de álcool (20%) duas vezes por dia; grupo tabaco (G3, N = 6) recebeu 6 cigarros duas vezes por dia; grupo álcool + tabaco (G4, N = 6) recebeu 2g/kg de álcool (20%) mais 6 cigarros, duas vezes por dia. O tempo experimental foi de 4 semanas. Todos os animais receberam alimento e água ad libitum. Para a análise morfométrica, as maxilas foram removidas e preparadas para fotografias padronizadas. Os resultados mostram que o consumo de ração ao longo do experimento diminuiu significativamente, exceto para o G3. Entretanto, todos os grupos experimentais aumentaram o peso significativamente durante o estudo. A média de perda óssea (±DP) alveolar foi de 0.31 mm (±0.08), 0.29 mm (±0.07), 0.33 mm (±0.10), e 0.33 mm (±0.08) para G1, G2, G3 e G4, respectivamente. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre os grupos. No entanto, quando avaliada a ocorrência de doença periodontal por meio de ponto de corte (percentil-75), pode-se observar que houve uma diminuição na ocorrência de perda óssea alveolar espontânea no grupo álcool e um aumento na ocorrência no grupo tabaco. A combinação de álcool+tabaco não diferiu estatisticamente do grupo controle.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of alcohol and/or tobacco exposure on spontaneous alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats. Twenty four, male, 60 days-old, Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: Group 1 received 10 mL/kg of glucose solution (5%). Group 2 received 2 g/kg alcohol (20%). Group 3 was exposed to tobacco smoke (6 cigarettes/60 min). Group 4 received both interventions of groups 2 and 3. Alcohol was given by gastric gavage and cigarette exposure was performed using a forced ventilation chamber. After 30 days, animals were sacrificed and the upper maxillae removed and defleshed. Morphometric analysis of alveolar bone loss (ABL) around the second molar was performed in standardized digital photographs. Analysis was conducted using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and occurrence of spontaneous periodontal disease (ABL ≥ 0.39 mm) was analyzed by Fisher’s exact test. Significant differences in body weight were observed between all groups. Group 2 presented higher body weight as compared to the 3 other groups at 4 weeks (P ≤ 0.05). Mean ABL (±SD) values were 0.31 mm (±0.08), 0.29 mm (±0.07), 0.33 mm (±0.10), and 0.33 mm (±0.08) for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. No significant differences were found among groups. In the analysis of occurrence of periodontal breakdown, alcohol exposure decreased the occurrence of ABL and cigarette exposure increased ABL. The combination of alcohol and cigarette exposure did not differ from the control group. Light to moderate alcohol consumption decreased the occurrence of periodontal breakdown, while tobacco increased this rate

Effects of low molecular weight heparin on alveolar bone loss in wistar rats: Morphometricand histological analyses

O objetivo da presente tese foi avaliar os efeitos da heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM) na perda óssea alveolar em ratos Wistar. Para a melhor compreensão e entendimento dos efeitos da HBPM se elaborou um único artigo com 40 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar de 60 dias de nascidos, os quais foram dívidos em 4 grupos experimentais previamente randomizados: Grupo Controle (C), Grupos Doença Periodontal (DP), Grupo Heparina (Hp) e Grupo Heparina+Doença Periodontal (Hp+DP) com um período experimental de 60 dias. Um animal foi perdido no período de aclimação, dois animais foram perdidos na primeira de três coletas sanguíneas pré-programadas e um rato foi perdido na colocação da ligadura. Os resultados observados foram analisados são perda óssea alveolar induzida onde houve diferença significava entre os grupos (C) e (DP), entre o grupo (C) e (Hp+DP), entre o grupo (DP) e (Hp) e o grupo (Hp) e (Hp+DP). Foi avaliado perda óssea alveolar não induzida onde não existiu diferença entre os grupos. Foi avaliado o peso do início ao final do período experimental. Foram avaliados o consumo de ração e agua onde não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Foram avaliados o número de megacariócitos nos fémures, onde também não existiram diferenças estatísticas. Foram avaliados números de adipócitos no timo, não havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos. Foram avaliados as plaquetas e desvio padrão onde não existiu diferença significativa entre os grupos. Foram avaliados os leucócitos e desvio padrão onde não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Posteriormente foi avaliado a porcentagem de linfócitos onde se achou diferença estatisticamente significativa na segunda coleta sanguínea entre o grupo (C) e grupo (Hp+DP) e grupo (Hp) e grupo (Hp+DP). Foi assim que as conclusões deste trabalho foram que o presente estudo mostrou que a HBPM não foi capaz de produzir perda óssea alveolar nos ratos Wistar, mas foi capaz de aumentar a quantidade de leucócitos e linfócitos, indicando a presença de um processo inflamatório.In order to better understand and understand the effects of (LMWH), a single article was elaborated with 40 male rats of the 60 day old Wistar line, which were divided into four previously randomized experimental groups: Control Group (C), Groups Periodontal Disease (PD), Heparin Group (Hp) and Heparin Group + Periodontal Disease (Hp + PD) with an experimental period of 60 days. One animal was lost in the acclimation period, two animals were lost in the first of three preprogrammed blood collections and one mouse was lost in the ligation placement. The observed results were analyzed for induced alveolar bone loss where there was significant difference between groups (C) and (PD), between group (C) and (Hp + PD), between (PD) and (Hp) group and Group (Hp) and (Hp + PD). Uninduced alveolar bone loss was assessed where there was no difference between the groups. The weight of the onset at the end of the experimental period was evaluated. The ration and water consumption were evaluated where there was no significant difference between the groups. The number of megakaryocytes in the femurs was evaluated, in which there were also no statistical differences. Adipocyte numbers were evaluated in the thymus, with no significant difference between the groups. Platelets and standard deviation were evaluated where there was no significant difference between the groups. Leukocytes and standard deviation were evaluated where there was no significant difference between the groups. Later, the percentage of lymphocytes where a statistically significant difference was found in the second blood collection between group (C) and group (Hp + PD) and group (Hp) and group (Hp + PD) was evaluated. Thus the conclusions of this study were that the present study showed that LMWH was not able to produce alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats, but was able to increase the amount of leukocytes and lymphocytes, indicating the presence of a process inflammatory

Effects of alcohol and/or tobacco exposure on spontaneous alveolar bone loss in rats

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência do álcool e /ou tabaco na perda óssea alveolar espontânea em ratos Wistar. Para isto, foram utilizados 24 animais machos, com aproximadamente 290 g de peso. Estes, foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais: grupo controle (G1, N = 6), recebeu uma solução glicosada (5%) duas vezes por dia; grupo álcool (G2, N = 6) recebeu 2 g/kg de álcool (20%) duas vezes por dia; grupo tabaco (G3, N = 6) recebeu 6 cigarros duas vezes por dia; grupo álcool + tabaco (G4, N = 6) recebeu 2g/kg de álcool (20%) mais 6 cigarros, duas vezes por dia. O tempo experimental foi de 4 semanas. Todos os animais receberam alimento e água ad libitum. Para a análise morfométrica, as maxilas foram removidas e preparadas para fotografias padronizadas. Os resultados mostram que o consumo de ração ao longo do experimento diminuiu significativamente, exceto para o G3. Entretanto, todos os grupos experimentais aumentaram o peso significativamente durante o estudo. A média de perda óssea (±DP) alveolar foi de 0.31 mm (±0.08), 0.29 mm (±0.07), 0.33 mm (±0.10), e 0.33 mm (±0.08) para G1, G2, G3 e G4, respectivamente. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre os grupos. No entanto, quando avaliada a ocorrência de doença periodontal por meio de ponto de corte (percentil-75), pode-se observar que houve uma diminuição na ocorrência de perda óssea alveolar espontânea no grupo álcool e um aumento na ocorrência no grupo tabaco. A combinação de álcool+tabaco não diferiu estatisticamente do grupo controle.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of alcohol and/or tobacco exposure on spontaneous alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats. Twenty four, male, 60 days-old, Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: Group 1 received 10 mL/kg of glucose solution (5%). Group 2 received 2 g/kg alcohol (20%). Group 3 was exposed to tobacco smoke (6 cigarettes/60 min). Group 4 received both interventions of groups 2 and 3. Alcohol was given by gastric gavage and cigarette exposure was performed using a forced ventilation chamber. After 30 days, animals were sacrificed and the upper maxillae removed and defleshed. Morphometric analysis of alveolar bone loss (ABL) around the second molar was performed in standardized digital photographs. Analysis was conducted using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and occurrence of spontaneous periodontal disease (ABL ≥ 0.39 mm) was analyzed by Fisher’s exact test. Significant differences in body weight were observed between all groups. Group 2 presented higher body weight as compared to the 3 other groups at 4 weeks (P ≤ 0.05). Mean ABL (±SD) values were 0.31 mm (±0.08), 0.29 mm (±0.07), 0.33 mm (±0.10), and 0.33 mm (±0.08) for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. No significant differences were found among groups. In the analysis of occurrence of periodontal breakdown, alcohol exposure decreased the occurrence of ABL and cigarette exposure increased ABL. The combination of alcohol and cigarette exposure did not differ from the control group. Light to moderate alcohol consumption decreased the occurrence of periodontal breakdown, while tobacco increased this rate

Effects of low molecular weight heparin on alveolar bone loss in wistar rats: Morphometricand histological analyses

O objetivo da presente tese foi avaliar os efeitos da heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM) na perda óssea alveolar em ratos Wistar. Para a melhor compreensão e entendimento dos efeitos da HBPM se elaborou um único artigo com 40 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar de 60 dias de nascidos, os quais foram dívidos em 4 grupos experimentais previamente randomizados: Grupo Controle (C), Grupos Doença Periodontal (DP), Grupo Heparina (Hp) e Grupo Heparina+Doença Periodontal (Hp+DP) com um período experimental de 60 dias. Um animal foi perdido no período de aclimação, dois animais foram perdidos na primeira de três coletas sanguíneas pré-programadas e um rato foi perdido na colocação da ligadura. Os resultados observados foram analisados são perda óssea alveolar induzida onde houve diferença significava entre os grupos (C) e (DP), entre o grupo (C) e (Hp+DP), entre o grupo (DP) e (Hp) e o grupo (Hp) e (Hp+DP). Foi avaliado perda óssea alveolar não induzida onde não existiu diferença entre os grupos. Foi avaliado o peso do início ao final do período experimental. Foram avaliados o consumo de ração e agua onde não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Foram avaliados o número de megacariócitos nos fémures, onde também não existiram diferenças estatísticas. Foram avaliados números de adipócitos no timo, não havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos. Foram avaliados as plaquetas e desvio padrão onde não existiu diferença significativa entre os grupos. Foram avaliados os leucócitos e desvio padrão onde não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Posteriormente foi avaliado a porcentagem de linfócitos onde se achou diferença estatisticamente significativa na segunda coleta sanguínea entre o grupo (C) e grupo (Hp+DP) e grupo (Hp) e grupo (Hp+DP). Foi assim que as conclusões deste trabalho foram que o presente estudo mostrou que a HBPM não foi capaz de produzir perda óssea alveolar nos ratos Wistar, mas foi capaz de aumentar a quantidade de leucócitos e linfócitos, indicando a presença de um processo inflamatório.In order to better understand and understand the effects of (LMWH), a single article was elaborated with 40 male rats of the 60 day old Wistar line, which were divided into four previously randomized experimental groups: Control Group (C), Groups Periodontal Disease (PD), Heparin Group (Hp) and Heparin Group + Periodontal Disease (Hp + PD) with an experimental period of 60 days. One animal was lost in the acclimation period, two animals were lost in the first of three preprogrammed blood collections and one mouse was lost in the ligation placement. The observed results were analyzed for induced alveolar bone loss where there was significant difference between groups (C) and (PD), between group (C) and (Hp + PD), between (PD) and (Hp) group and Group (Hp) and (Hp + PD). Uninduced alveolar bone loss was assessed where there was no difference between the groups. The weight of the onset at the end of the experimental period was evaluated. The ration and water consumption were evaluated where there was no significant difference between the groups. The number of megakaryocytes in the femurs was evaluated, in which there were also no statistical differences. Adipocyte numbers were evaluated in the thymus, with no significant difference between the groups. Platelets and standard deviation were evaluated where there was no significant difference between the groups. Leukocytes and standard deviation were evaluated where there was no significant difference between the groups. Later, the percentage of lymphocytes where a statistically significant difference was found in the second blood collection between group (C) and group (Hp + PD) and group (Hp) and group (Hp + PD) was evaluated. Thus the conclusions of this study were that the present study showed that LMWH was not able to produce alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats, but was able to increase the amount of leukocytes and lymphocytes, indicating the presence of a process inflammatory

Effects of alcohol and/or tobacco exposure on spontaneous alveolar bone loss in rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of alcohol and/or tobacco exposure on spontaneous alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats. Twenty-four, male, 60 day-old, Wistar rats were assigned to 4 groups: Group 1 received 10 mL/kg of glucose solution (5%). Group 2 received 2 g/kg alcohol (20%). Group 3 was exposed to tobacco smoke (6 cigarettes/60 min). Group 4 received both interventions of groups 2 and 3. Alcohol was given by gastric gavage and cigarette exposure was performed using a forced ventilation chamber. After 30 days, animals were sacrificed and the upper maxillae removed and defleshed. Morphometric analysis of alveolar bone loss (ABL) around the second molar was performed in standardized digital photographs. Statistical analysis was conducted using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and occurrence of spontaneous periodontal disease (ABL ≥ 0.39 mm) was analyzed by Fisher’s exact test. Significant differences in body weight were observed between all groups. Group 2 presented higher body weight as compared to the 3 other groups at 4 weeks (p≤0.05). Mean ABL values were 0.31 mm (±0.08), 0.29 mm (±0.07), 0.33 mm (±0.10), and 0.33 mm (±0.08) for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. No significant differences were found among groups. In the analysis of occurrence of periodontal breakdown, alcohol exposure decreased the occurrence of ABL and cigarette exposure increased ABL. The combination of alcohol and cigarette exposure did not differ from the control group. Alcohol consumption decreased the occurrence of periodontal breakdown, while tobacco increased this rateO objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da exposição do álcool e/ ou tabaco sobre a perda óssea alveolar (POA) espontânea em ratos Wistar. Vinte e quatro ratos, machos, com 60 dias de vida foram divididos em 4 grupos: Grupo 1 recebeu 10 mL/kg de solução de glicose (5%). Grupo 2 recebeu 2 g/kg de álcool (20%). Grupo 3 foi exposto a fumaça do tabaco (6 cigarros/60 min). Grupo 4 recebeu a mesma intervenção dos grupos 2 e 3. A solução de álcool foi dada por meio de gavagem e a exposição ao tabaco foi realizada por meio de câmara de ventilação forçada. Após 30 dias de experimento, os animais foram sacrificados e as maxilas removidas. Análise morfométrica da POA ao redor do segundo molar superior foi realizada de modo padronizada. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada por meio de teste t pareado e ANOVA. Ocorrência de doença periodontal espontânea (POA ≥ 0,39 mm) foi realizada pelo teste exato de Fisher. Diferenças significativas no peso corporal médio foram observadas em todos os grupos. Grupo 2 apresentou maior peso corporal médio quando comparado aos outros 3 grupos ao fim do experimento (p≤0,05). A média de POA foi 0,31 mm (±0,08); 0,29 mm (±0,07); 0,33 mm (±0,10) e 0,33 mm (±0,08) para os grupos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Na análise de ocorrência de destruição periodontal, a exposição de álcool diminuiu sua ocorrência, enquanto que exposição ao tabaco aumentou a POA espontânea. A combinação de álcool e tabaco não diferiu do grupo control