The Effect of SBS Content on The Warm Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Performance

الخلطات الاسفلتيه الدافئه تمثل مجموعة التقنيات التي تساعد على تخفيض درجة حرارة المزج والحدل. ومن فوائد هذا التقليل في درجة الحراره : انخفاض كلفة انتاج هكذا نوع من الخلطات ,اضافة الي ذلك التاثير البيئي الجيد حيث تعتبر صديقة الي البيئه.و في العراق تعتبر الخلطات الاسفلتيه الدافئه من الوسائل الحديثة  والغير مجربه, ويمكن استعمالها في السنوات القادمه. تهدف هذه الدراسه الي معرفة مدى تاثير محتوى المواد الملدنه على كفاءه هذه الخلطات. ومن اجل ذلك استعملت ثلاثة انواع من الخلطات وهي: الخلطات الاسفلتيه الحاره , الخلطات الاسفلتيه الدافئه, والخلطات الاسفلتيه الدافئه والمطوره بمادة SBS.بنسبه(0.5-3.5)%. واشتملت فحوصات تقييم الاداء على : فحص  نسبة الشد الغير مباشر(فحص حساسية الماء), وفحص العجلة المتحركه(فحص عمق التخدد). اشارة نتائج هذه الفحوصات : الكفاءه الجيده للخلطات الاسفلتيه الساخنه مقارنة مع الخلطات الاسفلتيه الدافئه, والتاثير الجيد لمادة SBS على  تحسين اداء الخلطات الاسفلتيه الدافئه المطوره.وبصورة عامة ,عند استعمال نسبة 3% من مادة SBS واكثر تحسن من اداء الخلطات الاسفلتيه الدافئة لمقاومة الاثر الضارللماء, وتزيد من مقاومة الخلطه الاسفلتيه للتشوهات  الدائميه المتمثلة بالتخدد.Warm mix asphalt (WMA) represents a number of technologies used to decrease the mixing and compaction temperature.  The reduction in temperature has many advantages such as: lower cost to produce such as mixtures, and environmental effects. In Iraq the WMA technology consider a new technology can be sued for the next years. The main objective for this research is to study the effect of polymer on the performance of WMA. In this study, three kinds of asphalt mixtures were used: Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA), and Polymer Modified WMA. The WMA has produced by adding Aspha- min® at rate 0.3%, and for WMA modified by SBS they contain SBS with rate (0.5-3.5) %.The performance tests consist on: Indirect Tensile Strength Ratio Test (moisture susceptibility), and Wheels – Track Test (rutting resistance). The results of these tests have indicated that, performance of HMA better than WMA, and the adding of SBS to WMA improve their performance. However, the using of SBS at rate (3%) and more improve the WMA performance against moisture damage and rutting

Evaluation of Pavement Condition Index for Highway Pavement Subjected to Overloading by Using Micro Paver 5.2.3 (Case Study Road No. 80)

يعد تقييم مؤشر حالة الرصيف (PCI) أحد الأهداف الرئيسية للبحث الحالي. يمكن تحقيق أفضل إجراءات إدارة الصيانة ومستوى القيادة باستخدام أقل الموارد وأسرع أوقات للرحلة. تلعب قيم PCI دورًا مهمًا في تحديد صيانة الرصيف واختيار البدائل الاقتصادية وزيادة تطوير قدرات المهندسين والفنيين. باستخدام بيانات المسح، باستخدام بيانات المسح، يقوم برنامج PAVER بحساب مؤشر حالة الرصف الذي يجب أن يتراوح من (صفر) الذي يشير إلى حالة الرصيف الفاشلة إلى (100) الذي يشير إلى حالة الرصيف الجيدة. تساعد حالة الرصيف على التنبؤ بالحاجة إلى الصيانة وإعادة التأهيل.. بدلاً من استخدام تقنيات التقييم، تم استخدام المسح اليدوي وفئات من دراسة العيوب لتحديد النوع، مستوى الخطورة والعيوب لوحدات العينة على طول الطريق. في هذا البحث تم استخدام برنامج PAVER 5.2 لتحديد قيم PCI لشارع 80 في مدينة الحلة وهو طريق حضري شرياني ثانوي. أدى تنفيذ برنامج PAVER 5.2 على أساس جمع بيانات المسح الميداني إلى متوسط قيمةPCI  وقدره (63.33) و يشير ذلك إلى أن الطريق المختار في البحث في حالة جيدة.                                                                                         The assessment of the pavement condition index (PCI) is one of the main goals of the current research. The best maintenance management procedure and riding level may be attained with the fewest resources and fastest trip times. PCI values play a significant role in determining pavement maintenance, choosing economical alternatives and increasing the development of engineers and technician’s capabilities. Using survey data, PAVER software calculates a pavement condition index that should range from (zero) which indicates a failing pavement condition to (100) which indicates a good pavement condition. The state of the pavement helps to foretell the need for maintenance and rehabilitation.   Instead of using evaluation technologies, a manual geometry and categories of defects survey were utilized to identify the kind, level of seriousness and defects for sample units along the road. In this research, PAVER 5.2 Program used to determine PCI values for Road No. 80 in Hilla City which is a minor arterial urban roadway The implementation of the PAVER 5.2 Program based on the collection of field inspection data yielded a PCI average value of (63.33) and this indicates that the road in chosen research section was in fair condition

Enhanced Road Network to Reduce the Effect of (External – External) Freight Trips on Traffic Flow

The transportation system is often described as the lifeblood of modern society. Roads constitute a fundamental part of this system for both passenger and freight transports, a well-functioning freight transportation system is an essential element in any successful economy. Hilla is one of the most densely populated cities in Iraq. The road network in Hilla city is under additional load due to (external - external) trips, especially freight trips by trucks passing through the city's main entrances to cross into neighboring districts and provinces. This is due to the city's strategic location, which connects Baghdad with the southern provinces, making it an important transit route. The objective of this research is to study a proposal for modifying and developing the road network in the city of Hilla by adding new roads to the current network in order to reduce the negative impact of freight trucks passing through the city, especially (external - external) trips, by using Trans CAD and ArcGIS software network analysis. The result of network analysis shows that the suggested roads will reduce the total (travel time and distance) for the same origin and destination points by 9%, and 30%, compared with the current distance and time, respectively, while improving the level of service from D to C at peak hours for freight vehicles. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-11-015 Full Text: PD

Synthesis of a New DPTYEAP Ligand and Its Complexes with Their Assessments on Physical Properties, Antioxidant, and Biological Potential to Treat Breast Cancer

A new series of complexes of the 2-((1E,2E)-1,2-diphenyl-2-(thiazol-2-ylimino)ethylidene)amino)phenol (DPTYEAP) has been synthesized by the reaction of the ligand with metal chlorides of Ni(II), Cu(II), Pt(IV), and AgNO3 in ethanol as a solvent. The ligand was prepared for the two steps. In the first step, compound (A) was synthesized by reacting 2-aminothiazol with benzil in ethanol. Another step is the preparation of the ligand from the reaction of compound (A) with 2-aminophenol. The structures of the ligand and its complexes were confirmed by FTIR, 1H-13C-NMR, UV-Vis spectra, melting points, molar conductivity (C, H, and N), and magnetic susceptibility. The synthesized complexes were prepared in a 1:2 ratio for Ni(II), Cu(II), and Pt(IV) complexes and a 1:1 ratio (M:L) for Ag(I) complexes. The geometric shape of all complexes is octahedral, except for the Ag(I) complex, which is tetrahedral. The antioxidant test for the prepared compounds was carried out. The anticancer test was conducted for each of the ligands and the platinum(IV) complex, and it was found that the platinum complex is more effective against breast cancer cells (MCF-7); thus, it can be used as a potential drug after studying it well

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

LABORATORY EXAMINATION FOR THE EFFECT OF ADDING HYDRATED LIME ON THE MOISTURE DAMAGE RESISTANCE OF ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURES

            The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of adding hydrated lime on the moisture damage resistance of asphalt concrete mixtures. In this study two samples of asphalt concrete mixture were prepared, the first sample represent control mixture, and the second sample contain hydrated lime with rate (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5%) by the total weight of aggregate. The properties of control mixture and Lime-asphalt concrete mixture were evaluated by Marshall tests results, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) results, and retained Marshall Stability (RMS) test results. The results for these tests indicated improvement in mixture proprieties, increased resistance of asphalt concrete against moisture damage, and reduced effect of water on the properties of asphalt concrete. As a final result, the use of (2%) hydrated lime enhanced asphalt concrete properties and produce durable mixtures for highway construction

Assessing the efficiency of health services in Al-Musayyab city

Assessment is an important indicator for studying health services because it focuses on measuring the impact of the service on the population. It is of great importance in improving and rebuilding the health service.&nbsp;The present aims to assess the efficiency of the 2017 health services in Al-Musayyab city, through a number of efficiency standards and their application to determine the degree of their efficiency and estimate the future needs of health services in the city

Assessing the Efficiency of Health Services in Al-Musayyab City

Assessment is an important indicator for studying health services because it focuses on measuring the impact of the service on the population. It is of great importance in improving and rebuilding the health service.&nbsp;The present aims to assess the efficiency of the 2017 health services in Al-Musayyab city, through a number of efficiency standards and their application to determine the degree of their efficiency and estimate the future needs of health services in the city

Properties of Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt Mixtures Containing Different Percentages of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

The Rapid reduction of energy resources and the escalated effects of global warming have created a strong motivation to find some new techniques in the field of paving construction. Adopting new technologies, such as warm-mix asphalt (WMA) or the recycling process of asphalt can be very helpful for the economy and have a significant impact on the environmental footprint. Thus, this research aimed to study the mechanical and durable characteristics of modified WMA mixtures using (1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) Sasobit REDUX®, (0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%) Aspha-Min®, and (0.07%, 0.1%, and 0.125) ZycoTherm® additives corresponding to three percentages of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) (20%, 40%, and 60%). Three mixing temperatures have been conducted in this study to generate WMA mixtures at (135 °C, 125 °C, and 115 °C) corresponding to three compacting temperatures (125 °C, 115 °C, and 105 °C). The mechanical properties of the developed WMA mixtures have been evaluated using the Superpave volumetric properties (air voids, voids filled with asphalt, and voids in mineral aggregate), while the durable properties have been investigated using the resilient modulus test (MR) at 25 °C, resilient modulus ratio (RMR), and Hamburg wheel-track test in terms of permanent deformation, moisture susceptibility, and rutting resistance. To make the WMA mixtures accept high quantities of RAP (>25%), an insignificant increase in the amounts of WMA additives was needed to produce mixtures carrying sustainability labels. Results indicated that all the used additives had pushed the WMA mixtures to achieve considerable mechanical properties, whereas the best properties for the WMA mixtures containing 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of RAP have been achieved by mixing with (1.0% Sasobit REDUX® @ 125 °C), (1.0% Sasobit REDUX® or 0.3% Aspha-Min® @ 135 °C), (1.5% Sasobit REDUX® @ 125 °C), and (2.0% Sasobit REDUX® or 0.5% Aspha-Min® @ 135 °C), respectively. On another hand, the best durable properties have been achieved by mixing the mentioned WMA mixtures containing 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of RAP with 0.07%, 0.07%, 0.1%, and 0.125% of ZycoTherm® at 153 °C, respectively. Using such additives in the recycled WMA mixtures made it possible to activate waste recycling in the paving industry