46 research outputs found
Tax Revenue Mobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does political Legitimacy Matters?
The mobilization of substantial domestic resources is required to finance human and physical capital in order to achieve the sustainable development goals. In developing countries like those of Sub-Saharan Africa, the mobilization of tax revenues remains a great challenge. In this context, identifying the determinants of fiscal capacity remains crucial to guide the adoption of appropriate fiscal reforms. Therefore, as part of the wave of literature on the institutional and political determinants of fiscal capacity, this article explores the effect of political legitimacy on tax revenues in a sample of 41 SSA countries over the period 1996-2017. The system GMM in two steps estimator is used for empirical investigation. The result shows that tax revenue increases with political legitimacy. This result suggests that political legitimization in SSA remains crucial to mobilize more resources in order to adequately finance the development
Evaluation de la mise en Ćuvre de la Convention sur le Commerce International des Especes de Faune et de Flore Sauvages Menacees d'Extinction (CITES) au Burkina Faso
X, 54, [23] pĂĄginas.Trabajo Fin de MĂĄster Propio. Tutores: Dr. Dibloni Ollo Theophile ; Yameogo Dieudonne. Le Burkina Faso est Partie Ă la Convention sur le Commerce International des EspĂšces
de Faune et de Flore Sauvages menacĂ©es dâextinction (CITES) depuis 1989 et a consenti
des efforts pour son application. AprĂšs une trentaine dâannĂ©e, il semble important
dâapprĂ©cier lâefficacitĂ© de la mise en Ćuvre de cette convention. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude
conduite de juillet 2022 Ă mars 2023 vise Ă caractĂ©riser lâimportation, lâexportation, la
réexportation et la gestion des spécimens saisis et confisqués suivant les principes de
prĂ©servation des espĂšces CITES. Il sâagit dâanalyser le systĂšme juridique, de contrĂŽle mis
en place et du cadre de collaboration et de coordination en matiĂšre de mise en Ćuvre de
la CITES. LâĂ©tude tente aussi de dĂ©terminer les enjeux, les lacunes et les besoins relatifs
Ă lâapplication des dispositions de la CITES au Burkina Faso.
LâĂ©tude a consistĂ© Ă des enquĂȘtes sociales auprĂšs des diffĂ©rents acteurs locaux de mise en
Ćuvre de la convention, Ă lâexploitation des donnĂ©es sur le commerce et lâanalyse des
copies des permis CITES dĂ©livrĂ©s et Ă des interviews semi-structurĂ©s Ă lâendroit des
personnes de ressources.
Il ressort de cette Ă©tude, une connaissance partielle de la CITES par les acteurs locaux.
Lâanalyse des rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšle que 70 % des agents dâapplication de la loi connaissent la
CITES en tant que convention et que 53% ont une connaissance sur ses domaines
dâinterventions, lâorgane de gestion, lâautoritĂ© scientifique ainsi que les procĂ©dures de la
convention. Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude confirment la persistance du trafic illicite des espĂšces
sauvages et Loxodonta africana est lâespĂšce la plus menacĂ©e par ce trafic. Ils montrent
aussi que 34% des saisies recensĂ©es au cours de lâĂ©tude concerne les ivoires. LâĂ©tude a
également mis en lumiÚre une faible coordination entre les différentes structures de
contrĂŽle. Elle fait ressortir lâabsence de juridiction spĂ©cifique aux infractions
environnementales et lâabsence de lĂ©gislation spĂ©cifique Ă la CITES.
Pour amĂ©liorer la mise en Ćuvre de la CITES au Burkina Faso, il faudra adapter le cadre
législatif national de maniÚre à prendre en compte les dispositions de la CITES et
renforcer les capacités techniques, financiÚres et humaines des structures en charge du
contrÎle. La mise en place de cadre formalisé de collaboration entre les structures ayant
en charge lâapplication de la loi est nĂ©cessitĂ©e, comme aussi lâadoption dâun plan dâaction
de mise en Ćuvre de la CITES au Burkina Faso.Burkina Faso has been a party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) since 1989 and has made efforts to implement
it. After thirty years, it seems important to assess the effectiveness of the implementation
of this convention. The present study, conducted from July 2022 to March 2023, aims to
characterize the import, export, re-export and management of seized and confiscated
specimens according to the principles of preservation of CITES species threatened by
over-exploitation. It analyzes the legal and control system in place and the framework for
collaboration and coordination in the implementation of CITES. The study also attempts
to identify issues, gaps and needs related to the implementation of CITES provisions in
Burkina Faso.
The study consisted of surveys of the various local actors involved in the implementation
of the convention, the analysis of trade data and copies of CITES permits issued, and
semi-structured interviews with resource persons.
The study revealed a partial knowledge of CITES among local actors. Analysis of the
results reveals that 70% of the law enforcement officers are aware of CITES as a
convention and 53% have knowledge of its areas of intervention, the management body,
the scientific authority and the procedures of the convention. The results of the study
confirm the persistence of illegal wildlife trafficking and Loxodonta africana is the
species most threatened by this traffic. The results also show that 34% of the seizures
recorded during the study concerned ivory. The study also highlighted the weak
coordination between the different control structures. It also highlighted the absence of a
specific jurisdiction for environmental offenses and the absence of specific CITES
legislation.
To improve the implementation of CITES in Burkina Faso, the national legislative
framework must be adapted to consider the provisions of CITES and the technical,
financial, and human capacities of the enforcement structures must be strengthened. The
establishment of a formalized framework for collaboration between the structures in
charge of law enforcement is necessary, as well as the adoption of an action plan for the
implementation of CITES in Burkina Faso
Life Insurance Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from Developing Countries
This article examines the relation between the development of life insurance sector and economic growth, for a sample of 86 developing countries over the period 1996-2011. We also examine the heterogeneous effect of life insurance on growth. The econometric results show on the one hand that the development of life insurance has a positive effect on economic growth per capita and, on the other hand, that this effect varies according to the structural characteristics of countries. Thus, the marginal positive impact of the development of life insurance decreases with the levels of deposit interest rate, bank credit and stock market value traded, while the effect is greater in countries with high-quality institutions. Finally, life insurance effect on growth is less for SSA and British legal system countries, compared to non-SSA and non-British legal system countries
Governance and Private Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa is one of the world regions whose development potentials are particularly important. But despite this situation, Africa is one of the continents where poverty exists on a large scale. More than 44 % of the African population lives below the poverty line. Yet, various forms of development strategies have been designed and implemented in the African countries. In 1992, in its publication Governance and Development, the World Bank refers to the quality of government as the cause of the failure of several of these strategies. Attention is henceforth focused on how governments organize the management of state and govern economic activities. The place and the role of institutions in development have been widely discussed in economic literature. It is commonly accepted that the existence of strong and clear rules is a fundamental basis for economic activity. In particular, there is an increasingly agreement on the idea that, in order to stimulate private investment, it is necessary to stabilize the business environment. This study uses the World Bank Doing Business indicators to evaluate the influence of business environment in explaining private investment from a panel of thirty-eight African Sub-Saharan countries over the period 2006-2011. We performed a dynamic panel model using the Generalized Method of Moments estimation. The following evidence globally emerges: burdensome regulations affect private investment while business environment improvement makes investment grow
Do Womenâs Parliamentary Representation Increase Government Health Spending in Sub-Saharan Africa?
It is widely recognized in the literature that the increased political participation of marginalized sections of the population allows their interests to be taken into account in public policies. At the same time, in Sub-Saharan Africa, the percentage of women parliamentarians rose from 12.1% in 2000 to 24% in 2019. Likewise, health systems are characterized by public underfunding, limited accessibility of health services, and relatively weak maternal and child health indicators. This article evaluates the effect of womenâs parliamentary representation on government health spending in a sample of 39 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2000-2017. The estimates made with fixed effects method, random effects method and panel-corrected standard errors method reveal that government health expenditure increases with the proportion of seats in parliament occupied by women. Therefore, this study advocates for the increase of women participation and representation in political and decision-making spheres. Keywords: Women political participation, health, government health spending, panel data, sub-Sahara Africa DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-18-09 Publication date:September 30th 202
Effects of Corruption on Tertiary School Enrolment in Africa
This paper empirically analyses the effects of control of corruption on tertiary school enrolment in a panel of 44 African countries over the period 1996-2016. Using system Generalized method of moments and controlling for a large number of other determinants of tertiary school enrolment, it ïŹnds that, over the sample period, control of corruption has a substantial positive effect. This is probably because control of corruption increases public spending level and effectiveness on tertiary education, increases the return on tertiary education, and ultimately fosters the access to tertiary education specially the poorer strata in the African economies. In the light of this result, an intensification of control of corruption in Africa is imperative to improve the tertiary school enrolment. Keywords: Control of corruption, tertiary school enrolment, System GMM, Africa DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-29-06 Publication date:October 31st 202
Effects of Financial Inclusion on Poverty in WAEMU: Empirical Evidence Through the Channels of Income Inequality and Growth
In WAEMU, financial inclusion has been made a priority with the adoption in 2016 of the Regional Financial Inclusion Strategy. It constitutes a privileged instrument promoting the integration of the most disadvantaged social strata into the economic and social fabric of the Union. This paper examines the contribution of financial inclusion to poverty reduction. The study focuses on the eight WAEMU countries and covers the period 2008-2020. The results obtained by the method of triple least squares show that on the one hand financial inclusion reduces income inequality and subsequently reduces poverty and that on the other hand it does not affect economic growth. Robustness tests indicate that the overall rate of use of financial services reduces poverty both by increasing overall income and by reducing income inequality. These tests also show that for countries not plagued by terrorism, financial inclusion reduces poverty through reduced inequality and increased overall income. On the basis of these results, the paper formulates recommendations that could serve as a guideline for poverty reduction policies in WAEMU. Keywords: Financial inclusion, aggregate income, poverty DOI: 10.7176/JESD/14-13-01 Publication date:August 31st 202
Electoral Corruption in Central Africa and Entrenchment of Democratic Culture: A case Study of Cameroon
This paper provides an overview of electoral corruption in Cameroon. The paper is grounded on the assumption that elections are the keystone of modern democracy, and that understanding electoral corruption and addressing its main causes can improve electoral integrity in Cameroon and around Central Africa. This paper provides an overview of electoral corruption in Cameroon. The paper is grounded on the assumption that elections are the keystone of modern democracy, and that understanding electoral corruption and addressing its main causes can improve electoral integrity in Cameroon and around Central Africa.
Assessment of benthic molluscs diversity and distribution in urban reservoirs (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso)
The urban reservoirs n° 2 and n°3 of Ouagadougou, located in the middle of the city are subject to multiple anthropogenic pressures which threaten the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates community group like molluscs. This study was initiated to assess the diversity and distribution of benthic molluscs in these reservoirs. Molluscs samples were collected monthly using an Eckman grab (12 x 20 cm2) between September 2011 and February 2012 in 24 sampling points defined on each reservoir. In parallel, physicochemical variables and water colon depth were measured. After sampling, molluscs were transported to the laboratory for identification. A total of 328 specimens were collected of which 5 species were identified: three species of Gastropods (Bellamya unicolor, Cleopatra bulimoïdes, Lanistes ovum) and two species of Bivalves (Coelatura aegyptiaca, Mutela rostrata). B. unicolor was the most abundant species with 71% of the collected molluscs and preferentially occupied the edges of the reservoir. It was followed by C. aegyptiaca (27%) which was abundant in the central axis of the reservoir. Physicochemical variables influence the distribution of species. For all measured physicochemical factors, B. unicolor was more tolerant than C. aegyptiaca on the occupation of available habitat.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Bivalves, Gastropods, available habitat, physicochemical variables, anthropogenic pressure
Assessing the Consequences of the Economic Partnership Agreement on the Ethiopian Economy
The results presented indicate that a free trade area would reinforce the linkages between Ethiopia and European countries, including traditional partners such as Italy, with implications for the regional integration arrangements that Ethiopia is currently involved in. There will be significant trade diversion away from other African countries currently trading with Ethiopia. The diversion will occur in the lowtechnology sectors, which are potentially good foundations for deepened regional integration based on trade in industrial goods. The results further indicate some important implications with respect to Ethiopiaâs industrialization strategy. The liberalization of industrial sectors result in more trade effects, particularly negative trade diversion, compared to the results from agricultural liberalization. The loss in revenue, which is a strong feature in general liberalization, is at the sectoral level, more pronounced in the industrial liberalization. The economic structure of Ethiopia, which supports self-reliance in food from the agriculture sector, underpins the limited losses in agriculture as compared to the industrial sector. Clearly, instead of opening the doors to economic diversification, the EPA could lead Ethiopia to deepen its comparative advantages in agricultural products.Ethiopia- Economic Partnership Agreement- Trade impact