Flexible generation of correlated photon pairs in different frequency ranges

The feasibility to generate correlated photon pairs at variable frequencies is investigated. For this purpose, we consider the interaction of an off-resonant laser field with a two-level system possessing broken inversion symmetry. We show that the system generates non-classical photon pairs exhibiting strong intensity-intensity correlations. The intensity of the applied laser tunes the degree of correlation while the detuning controls the frequency of one of the photons which can be in the THz-domain. Furthermore, we observe the violation of a Cauchy-Schwarz inequality characterizing these photons.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Pemberdayaan Anak Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) dalam Upaya Pengenalan Tuberculosis Paru di Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Educate high school student about the dangers of tuberculosis has not been done. The tuberculosis (TB) disease is common in the community and it is contagious, while the the protection of the disease through immunization is only up to age <15 years, therefore, knowledge to the danger of the transmission of this disease needs to be communicated to the students, sothat, they can understand how to keep themselves aware and know the dangers of transmission of Tuberculosis disease. To find out whether students understand the dangers of the tuberculosis disease, the research has been done by providing information through manual intervention counseling of Tuberculosis. Before education pre and post-test of pulmonary TB disease to 900 students from high school student in West Bandung regency were conducted in the year 2009. Research methods is pre and post test quesionair about tuberculosis, counseling intervention using manual tuberculosis, knowledge and ways of disease prevention. Research design is Quasy Experiment with control group. The result of the study shows a significant increase of knowledge of the student in all three high school student in West Bandung regency, 45% of students in Cililin got their knowledge through books and counseling, and 35% of the student in Cikalong Wetan through-pulmonary TB education course, and only 20% of the student in Padalarang as a control goup got the knowledge from the explanation of TB disease only. The difference of improving those knowledge occur in phases. The differences is also affected by the model of education. Apparently, counseling and motivational text books to the students is one of the most high, usable and useful for improving students knowledge of the tuberculosis diseases. Key words:Tuberculosis, High School,Counseling. Abstrak Penyuluhan kepada siswa-siswi sekolah tentang bahaya penyakit tuberculosis belum banyak dilakukan, mengingat penyakit tuberculosis (TB) merupakan penyakit yang banyak ditemukan di masyarakat dan mudah menular, sedangkan proteksi penyakit melalui imunisasi hanya sampai usia <15 tahun, oleh sebab itu pengetahuan tentang bahaya penularan penyakit ini perlu dan baik disampaikan kepada murid sekolah, agar mereka mengerti cara menjaga diri serta mengetahui bahaya penularan penyakit TB-paru. Untuk mengetahui apakah siswa-siswi mengerti bahaya penyakit tuberculosis, maka dilakukan penelitian dengan memberikan penyuluhan melalui intervensi buku pedoman penyakit Tuberculosis.Sebelum penyuluhan dilakukan pre dan post test tentang penyakit TB-paru kepada siswa-siswi 900 orang dari SMAN di Kabupeten Bandung Barat pada tahun 2009. Metode penelitian pre dan post test kuesioner tentang tuberculosis, intervensi penyuluhan menggunakan buku pedoman tuberculosis pengetahuan dan cara pencegahan penyakit. Disain penelitian Quasy Experiment dengan kontrol group. Hasil Penelitian memperlihatkan peningkatan pengetahuan secara bermagna pada ketiga buah SMAN di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Sebesar 45% siswa/i di Cililin melalui buku dan penyuluhan, dan 35% melalui penyuluhan TB-paru saja pada siswa/i di Cikalong Wetan, dan terendah sebesar 20% pada kelompok kontrol pada siswa/i di Padalarang hanya penjelasan tentang penyakit TB saja. Perbedaan peningkatan pengetahuan ini terjadi berjenjang, masalah ini juga dipengaruhi oleh model penyuluhan. Ternyata penyuluhan dengan buku pedoman dan motivasi kepada siswa-siswi adalah salah satu yang paling tinggi dan bermanfaat serta berguna untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa/i tentang penyakit Tuberculosis. Kata kunci: Tuberculosis, Anak Sekolah Menengah Atas, Penyuluhan

Spatial and spatio-temporal patterns in a cell-haptotaxis model

We investigate a cell-haptotaxis model for the generation of spatial and spatio-temporal patterns in one dimension. We analyse the steady state problem for specific boundary conditions and show the existence of spatially hetero-geneous steady states. A linear analysis shows that stability is lost through a Hopf bifurcation. We carry out a nonlinear multi-time scale perturbation procedure to study the evolution of the resulting spatio-temporal patterns. We also analyse the model in a parameter domain wherein it exhibits a singular dispersion relation

Hybrid Algorithms Based on Integer Programming for the Search of Prioritized Test Data in Software Product Lines

In Software Product Lines (SPLs) it is not possible, in general, to test all products of the family. The number of products denoted by a SPL is very high due to the combinatorial explosion of features. For this reason, some coverage criteria have been proposed which try to test at least all feature interactions without the necessity to test all products, e.g., all pairs of features (pairwise coverage). In addition, it is desirable to first test products composed by a set of priority features. This problem is known as the Prioritized Pairwise Test Data Generation Problem. In this work we propose two hybrid algorithms using Integer Programming (IP) to generate a prioritized test suite. The first one is based on an integer linear formulation and the second one is based on a integer quadratic (nonlinear) formulation. We compare these techniques with two state-of-the-art algorithms, the Parallel Prioritized Genetic Solver (PPGS) and a greedy algorithm called prioritized-ICPL. Our study reveals that our hybrid nonlinear approach is clearly the best in both, solution quality and computation time. Moreover, the nonlinear variant (the fastest one) is 27 and 42 times faster than PPGS in the two groups of instances analyzed in this work.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER under contract TIN2014-57341-R, the University of Málaga, Andalucía Tech and the Spanish Network TIN2015-71841-REDT (SEBASENet)

Fibromatosis of the Plantar Fascia: Diagnosis and Indications For Surgical Treatment

Plantar fibromatosis is a rare, benign lesion involving the plantar aponeurosis. Eleven patients (13 feet) underwent 24 operations, including local excision, wide excision, or complete plantar fasciectomy. Clinical results were evaluated retrospectively. There were no differences among the subgroups in postoperative complications. Two primary fasciectomies did not recur. Three of six revised fasciectomies, seven of nine wide excisions, and six of seven local excisions recurred. Our results indicate that recurrence of plantar fibromatosis after surgical resection can be reduced by aggressive initial surgical resection

Statistical competencies for medical research learners: What is fundamental?

IntroductionIt is increasingly essential for medical researchers to be literate in statistics, but the requisite degree of literacy is not the same for every statistical competency in translational research. Statistical competency can range from 'fundamental' (necessary for all) to 'specialized' (necessary for only some). In this study, we determine the degree to which each competency is fundamental or specialized.MethodsWe surveyed members of 4 professional organizations, targeting doctorally trained biostatisticians and epidemiologists who taught statistics to medical research learners in the past 5 years. Respondents rated 24 educational competencies on a 5-point Likert scale anchored by 'fundamental' and 'specialized.'ResultsThere were 112 responses. Nineteen of 24 competencies were fundamental. The competencies considered most fundamental were assessing sources of bias and variation (95%), recognizing one's own limits with regard to statistics (93%), identifying the strengths, and limitations of study designs (93%). The least endorsed items were meta-analysis (34%) and stopping rules (18%).ConclusionWe have identified the statistical competencies needed by all medical researchers. These competencies should be considered when designing statistical curricula for medical researchers and should inform which topics are taught in graduate programs and evidence-based medicine courses where learners need to read and understand the medical research literature