Le phénomène de glistening des implants intraoculaires acryliques hydrophobes Acrysof (facteurs cliniques associés et impact sur la qualité de vision des patients opérés de cataracte)

BORDEAUX2-BU Santé (330632101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Évaluation de la perte endothéliale et de la durée de vie des greffes cornéennes pour kératocône, avec comparaison entre kératoplastie transfixiante et kératoplastie lamellaire antérieure profonde

Le kératocône est une dystrophie cornéenne qui nécessite dans 20% des cas le recours à une kératoplastie qui peut s'effectuer de manière transfixiante ou lamellaire antérieure profonde. La perte endothéliale progressive après la kératoplastie aboutit à la perte de transparence du greffon par défaut de régulation de l'hydratation cornéenne. Le but de notre travail est de comparer ces deux techniques chirurgicales, principalement en termes d'évolution cellulaire endothéliale et de survie du greffon. Si les résultats fonctionnels sont comparables, ce n'est pas le cas pour la perte cellulaire endothéliale qui est accrue sévèrement après kératoplastie transfixiante par rapport à la kératoplastie antérieure lamellaire profonde. La perte est surtout majeure en post-opératoire immédiat liée au traumatisme chirurgical initial. En conséquence, la survie de la greffe, calculée à 50 ans, est quadruplée après une kératoplastie antérieure lamellaire profonde par rapport à une kératoplastie transfixiante réduite à 10,4 ans. Cet atout majeur, qui vient s'ajouter à celui de sa sécurité immunologique, place encore davantage la kératoplastie antérieure lamellaire profonde comme technique chirurgicale de choix dans le traitement du kératocône.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Platforms for the realization and characterization of Tomonaga–Luttinger liquids

International audienceThe concept of a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) has been established as a fundamental theory for the understanding of one-dimensional quantum systems. Originally formulated as a replacement for Landau’s Fermi-liquid theory, which accurately predicts the behaviour of most 3D metals but fails dramatically in 1D, the TLL description applies to a even broader class of 1D systems,including bosons and anyons. After a certain number of theoretical breakthroughs, its descriptive power has now been confirmed experimentally in different experimental platforms. They extend from organic conductors, carbon nanotubes, quantum wires, topological edge states of quantum spin Hall insulators to cold atoms, Josephson junctions, Bose liquids confined within 1D nanocapillaries and spin chains. In the ground state of such systems, quantum fluctuations become correlated on all length scales, but, counter-intuitively, no long-range order exists. In this respect, this review will illustrate the validity of conformal field theory for describing real-world systems, establishing the boundaries for its application and, on the other side will discuss the spectacular demonstration of how the quantum-critical TLL stategoverns the properties of many-body systems in one dimension

Keratoconus and the Impact of Treatment on Patients’ Quality of Life: A Qualitative Study

Abstract Introduction Keratoconus has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL), from diagnosis to the advanced stages of the disease. The aim of this research was to identify domains of QoL affected by this disease and its treatment. Methods Phone interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, with patients with keratoconus stratified according to their current treatment. A board of keratoconus experts helped identify the guide’s main themes. Results Thirty-five patients (rigid contact lenses, n = 9; cross-linking, n = 9; corneal ring implants, n = 8; and corneal transplantation, n = 9) were interviewed by qualitative researchers. Phone interviews revealed several QoL domains affected by the disease and its treatments: “psychological”, “social life”, “professional life”, “financial costs” and “student life”. All domains were impacted, independently of the treatment history. Few differences were found between treatment regimens and keratoconus stages. Qualitative analysis enabled the development of a conceptual framework based on Wilson and Cleary’s model for patient outcomes common to all patients. This conceptual model describes the relationship between patients’ characteristics, their symptoms, their environment, their functional visual impairment and the impact on their QoL. Conclusions These qualitative findings supported the generation of a questionnaire to evaluate the impact of keratoconus and its treatment on patients’ QoL. Cognitive debriefings confirmed its content validity. The questionnaire is applicable for all stages of keratoconus and treatments and may help tracking change over time in regular clinical settings. Psychometric validation is yet to be performed before its use in research and clinical practices

Practice patterns in the management of bacterial keratitis: a five-continent survey

PurposeTo assess the current diagnostic and therapeutic practice patterns in early management of bacterial keratitis over five continents.MethodsBetween March and August 2019, we distributed an online survey including two clinical scenarios of bacterial keratitis, namely, a mild case and severe case, to 2936 ophthalmologists from 144 countries around the world. The survey consisted of 29 questions. We performed descriptive statistics and a comparative analysis of the answers according to the participants' continent of practice, practice setting, seniority, and subspecialty.ResultsWe received 237 surveys from 54 countries (8% response rate). The proportion of respondents performing microbiological investigations was higher in North America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania than Africa and South America (p < 0.05). This ratio was also higher among ocular surface specialists than for other ophthalmologists (p < 0.001). For mild cases, fluoroquinolone monotherapy and a combination of two or more antibiotics were prescribed by 46% and 41% respondents, respectively. For severe cases, fluoroquinolone monotherapy and a combination of antibiotics were prescribed by 20% and 78% respondents, respectively. Fluoroquinolone monotherapy was the most commonly prescribed treatment in South America, Africa, and Oceania. A combination of two antibiotics was preferentially prescribed in the rest of the world. Topical steroids were prescribed in both circumstances, respectively, in 72% and 75% of cases.ConclusionOur results highlight essential geographical disparities in the current management of bacterial keratitis over five continents