Non-adiabatic collapse of a quasi-spherical radiating star

A model is proposed of a collapsing quasi-spherical radiating star with matter content as shear-free isotropic fluid undergoing radial heat-flow with outgoing radiation. To describe the radiation of the system, we have considered both plane symmetric and spherical Vaidya solutions. Physical conditions and thermodynamical relations are studied using local conservation of momentum and surface red-shift. We have found that for existence of radiation on the boundary, pressure on the boundary is not necessary.Comment: 8 Latex pages, No figures, Revtex styl

Histology of the skin of the blanca serrana goat bred in different production systems

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la piel de caprinos de raza Blanca Serrana Andaluza, criados en sistemas de producción intensivo y extensivo. Fueron sacrificados 31 animales de la raza Blanca Serrana Andaluza (16 en extensivo y 15 en intensivo) con 20 kg de peso vivo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p0,05) entre los dos sistemas de producción analizados. Las características de la piel de los chivos revelaron pieles de primera calida

Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para avaliação de impactos qualitativos dos fogos nas águas subterrâneas : aplicação aos casos de estudo do Vale de Manteigas e de Mação

No Projecto POCI/AGR/59180/2004, concluído em 2009 (cf. Lobo-Ferreira et al., 2009), apresenta-se uma metodologia para avaliação quantitativa dos impactos dos fogos florestais na quantidade e qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas. Nesta metodologia procura-se avaliar as alterações que possam ter ocorrido após o fogo: (A) em volumes de recarga, (B) volumes de escoamento superficial, (C) qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas. Esta metodologia considera: (1) tipo e densidade de coberto vegetal à data do incêndio; (2) tipos de poluentes que podem ser libertados pelas diferentes comunidades vegetais afectadas pelo fogo; (3) extensão e volume do aquífero e sua porosidade eficaz, para aferir dos volumes de reservas de água; (4) recarga média anual; (5) tempo de permanência das águas no sistema subterrâneo. Para a avaliação do tipo e densidade de coberto vegetal e consequente biomassa combustível à data do incêndio usou-se a inventariação fitossociológica, cartografia da vegetação, análise estatística multivariada e estimativa da biomassa florestal ardida, realizada pelo Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco-Escola Superior Agrária. Os tipos e cargas poluentes libertados calcularam-se com base nos valores de biomassa ardida e estudos (realizados por INETI – Departamento de Engenharia Energética e Controlo Ambiental) de cinzas de ensaios de combustão de espécies florestais e arbustivas representativas do coberto vegetal ardido, e ensaios de lixiviação de solos e cinzas. A avaliação das variações na recarga baseou-se na informação recolhida nos estudos quantitativos realizados na bacia de Manteigas, associada a modelos hidrológicos conceptuais e cenários de variação de escoamento e evapotranspiração quando a informação não era suficiente para colmatar as lacunas de conhecimento. Com base na biomassa ardida, características composicionais das suas cinzas e potenciais de lixiviação, calculou-se a quantidade e tipo de poluentes em fase sólida e dissolvida passíveis de entrar nas águas superficiais e subterrânea. As características hidráulicas dos meios geológicos afectados deram os volumes de armazenamento e as prováveis velocidades de circulação nestes materiais, o que serviu para prever espaços temporais de contaminação da área. Da avaliação dos volumes de carga poluente calculados e dos dados de campo de decaimento destas cargas poluentes nas águas superficiais e subterrâneas em zonas de coberto vegetal similar estabeleceram-se cenários possíveis do tempo de desaparição do poluente na área ardida. Nesta comunicação realçam-se os aspectos relacionados com a qualidade das águas subterrâneas

Magnetoresistance of Three-Constituent Composites: Percolation Near a Critical Line

Scaling theory, duality symmetry, and numerical simulations of a random network model are used to study the magnetoresistance of a metal/insulator/perfect conductor composite with a disordered columnar microstructure. The phase diagram is found to have a critical line which separates regions of saturating and non-saturating magnetoresistance. The percolation problem which describes this line is a generalization of anisotropic percolation. We locate the percolation threshold and determine the t = s = 1.30 +- 0.02, nu = 4/3 +- 0.02, which are the same as in two-constituent 2D isotropic percolation. We also determine the exponents which characterize the critical dependence on magnetic field, and confirm numerically that nu is independent of anisotropy. We propose and test a complete scaling description of the magnetoresistance in the vicinity of the critical line.Comment: Substantially revised version; description of behavior in finite magnetic fields added. 7 pages, 7 figures, submitted to PR

Sandpiles with height restrictions

We study stochastic sandpile models with a height restriction in one and two dimensions. A site can topple if it has a height of two, as in Manna's model, but, in contrast to previously studied sandpiles, here the height (or number of particles per site), cannot exceed two. This yields a considerable simplification over the unrestricted case, in which the number of states per site is unbounded. Two toppling rules are considered: in one, the particles are redistributed independently, while the other involves some cooperativity. We study the fixed-energy system (no input or loss of particles) using cluster approximations and extensive simulations, and find that it exhibits a continuous phase transition to an absorbing state at a critical value zeta_c of the particle density. The critical exponents agree with those of the unrestricted Manna sandpile.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figure

Magnetization steps in a diluted Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain: Theory and experiments on TMMC:Cd

A theory for the equilibrium low-temperature magnetization M of a diluted Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain is presented. The magnetization curve, M versus B, is calculated using the exact contributions of finite chains with 1 to 5 spins, and the "rise and ramp approximation" for longer chains. Some non-equilibrium effects that occur in a rapidly changing B, are also considered. Specific non-equilibrium models based on earlier treatments of the phonon bottleneck, and of spin flips associated with cross relaxation and with level crossings, are discussed. Magnetization data on powders of TMMC diluted with cadmium [i.e., (CH_3)_4NMn_xCd_(1-x)Cl_3, with 0.16<=x<=0.50 were measured at 0.55 K in 18 T superconducting magnets. The field B_1 at the first MST from pairs is used to determine the NN exchange constant, J, which changes from -5.9 K to -6.5 K as x increases from 0.16 to 0.50. The magnetization curves obtained in the superconducting magnets are compared with simulations based on the equilibrium theory. Data for the differential susceptibility, dM/dB, were taken in pulsed magnetic fields (7.4 ms duration) up to 50 T, with the powder samples in a 1.5 K liquid-helium bath. Non-equilibrium effects, which became more severe as x decreased, were observed. The non-equilibrium effects are tentatively interpreted using the "Inadequate Heat Flow Scenario," or to cross-relaxation, and crossings of energy levels, including those of excited states.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figure

Surface and capillary transitions in an associating binary mixture model

We investigate the phase diagram of a two-component associating fluid mixture in the presence of selectively adsorbing substrates. The mixture is characterized by a bulk phase diagram which displays peculiar features such as closed loops of immiscibility. The presence of the substrates may interfere the physical mechanism involved in the appearance of these phase diagrams, leading to an enhanced tendency to phase separate below the lower critical solution point. Three different cases are considered: a planar solid surface in contact with a bulk fluid, while the other two represent two models of porous systems, namely a slit and an array on infinitely long parallel cylinders. We confirm that surface transitions, as well as capillary transitions for a large area/volume ratio, are stabilized in the one-phase region. Applicability of our results to experiments reported in the literature is discussed.Comment: 12 two-column pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review E; corrected versio