DEMOCRACIA, MEIO AMBIENTE E DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL

Desenvolvimento sustentável e democracia são temas relevantes na sociedade atual e estreitamente relacionados. O paradigma do desenvolvimento sustentável pressupõe análise contextualizada sobre os desafios que o Estado Democrático de Direito deve enfrentar para a consecução da qualidade do meio ambiente e da dignidade humana. A sustentabilidade vai além do trato com o meio em que vivem os seres, e perfaz uma composição que resume eficiência econômica, social e ambiental. Dessa forma, propõe-se um breve debate sobre o tema, e ao final conclui-se que o fortalecimento da democracia participativa pode permitir um desenvolvimento sustentável no planeta, atrelando, assim, crescimento econômico, proteção do meio ambiente e bem-estar dos integrantes da sociedade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Democracia; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Meio Ambiente; Sustentabilidade

Ontologies and Unified Modeling Language: an approach to representation of domains of knowledge

This article emphasizes the use of Unified Modeling Language, UML in the specification of models based on ontologies in the representation of domains of knowledge, emphasizing the importance of semantic and of treatment of standardized language so the knowledge of the domain can be organized and shared. Finally, this article aims to establish a connection between the themes: the object oriented modeling and ontologies.Este artigo destaca o uso da Unified Modeling Language, UML na especificação de modelos baseados em ontologias na representação de domínios de conhecimento, enfatizando a importância da semântica e do tratamento da linguagem padronizada para que o conhecimento do domínio possa ser organizado e compartilhado. Finalmente, este artigo tem como objetivo estabelecer uma conexão entre as temáticas: modelagem orientada a objetos e ontologias

Can Endodontic Irrigating Solutions Influence the Bond Strength of Adhesives to Coronal Dental Substrates? : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies

Purpose: To systematically review the literature to analyze the influence of endodontic irrigating solutions on the bond strength of adhesives to coronal enamel or dentin. Materials and Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases were used to select laboratory studies related to the research question, without publication year or language limits. From 2461 potentially eligible studies, 2451 were selected for full-text analysis, and 97 were included in the systematic review. Two authors independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. Pooling bond strength data were calculated using RevMan5.1 with random effects model (α = 0.05), comparing control (no endodontic irrigating solution) and experimental groups (one or more endodontic solutions). Results: No significant difference was found between the control and experimental groups (p = 0.12) in the overall meta-analysis and in the meta-analysis excluding chlorhexidine (p = 0.06). High heterogeneity was found in the meta-analyses. Most included studies in the systematic review were scored as having a high risk of bias. Conclusion: The different endodontic irrigating solutions evaluated showed no negative influence on the bond strength of dental adhesives to coronal dental substrates

Overview of the Morphology of Neotropical Termite Workers: History and Practice

This contribution deals with the worker caste of the Neotropical termite fauna. It is a compilation of present knowledge about the morphology of pseudergates and workers, including the literature discussing the origin and evolution of this caste, the terminology used in the different taxonomic groups, and the techniques used to study these individuals, especially examination of the gut, mandibles, legs, and nota. In order to assist in identifying workers, it includes a key for the families that occur in the Neotropical Region and a characterization of workers of all families, especially the subfamilies of Termitidae, with descriptions and illustrations of diagnostic morphological features of genera. We point out advances and gaps in knowledge, as well as directions for future research

Difficulties faced by nurses for carrying out risk pre-christ consultations / Dificuldades enfrentadas pelos enfermeiros para a realização das consultas de pré-natal de risco habitual

Objetivo: analisar na literatura as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos enfermeiros na realização das consultas de pré-natal de risco habitual. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que utilizou a questão norteadora: quais as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos enfermeiros para a realização das consultas de pré-natal de risco habitual (baixo risco)? Aplicou-se como critérios de inclusão o período de corte desde o ano 2000 até 2018, nos idiomas portugués, inglês e espanhol. A busca de artigos realizou-se em seis bases e bancos de dados. Resultados: foram incluídos no estudo 13 artigos, sendo elencados duas categorias: Dificuldades enfrentadas na realização das consultas de pré-natal de risco habitual (baixo risco) e Estratégias adotadas para minimizar as dificuldades enfrentadas na realização das consultas de pré-natal de risco habitual (baixo risco). Identificaram-se 13 dificuldades e 09 estratégias para minimiza-las. Conclusão: É necessário a conscientização dos profissionais enfermeiros quanto a um pré-natal de forma qualificada, humanizada e integral

Chemotaxis and adherence to fungal surfaces are key components of the behavioral response of Burkholderia terrae BS001 to two selected soil fungi

Burkholderia terrae BS001 has previously been proposed to be a 'generalist' associate of soil fungi, but its strategies of interaction have been largely ignored. Here, we studied the chemotactic behavior of B. terrae BS001 towards Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten and Trichoderma asperellum 302 and the role of fungal surface molecules in their physical interaction with the bacteria. To assess the involvement of the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), wild-type strain BS001 and T3SS mutant strain BS001-Delta sctD were used in the experiments. First, the two fungi showed divergent behavior when confronted with B. terrae BS001 on soil extract agar medium. Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten revealed slow growth towards the bacterium, whereas T. asperellum 302 grew avidly over it. Both on soil extract and M9 agar, B. terrae BS001 and BS001-Delta sctD moved chemotactically towards the hyphae of both fungi, with a stronger response to Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten than to T. asperellum 302. The presence of a progressively increasing glycerol level in the M9 agar enhanced the level of movement. Different oxalic acid concentrations exerted varied effects, with a significantly raised chemotactic response at lower, and a subdued response at higher concentrations. Testing of the adherence of B. terrae BS001 and BS001-Delta sctD to Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten and to cell envelope-extracted ceramide monohexosides (CMHs) revealed that CMHs in both conidia and hyphae could bind strain BS001 cells. As BS001-Delta sctD adhered significantly less to the CMHs than BS001, the T3SS was presumed to have a role in the interaction. In contrast, such avid adherence was not detected with T. asperellum 302. Thus, B. terrae BS001 shows a behavior characterized by swimming towards Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten and T. asperellum 302 and attachment to the CMH moiety in the cell envelope, in particular of the former.</p

The role of hydrophobicity and surface receptors at hyphae of <i>Lyophyllum</i> sp. strain Karsten in the interaction with <i>Burkholderia terrae</i> BS001:Implications for interactions in soil

The soil bacterium Burkholderia terrae strain BS001 can interact with varying soil fungi, using mechanisms that range from the utilization of carbon/energy sources such as glycerol to the ability to reach novel territories in soil via co-migration with growing fungal mycelia. Here, we investigate the intrinsic properties of the B. terrae BS001 interaction with the basidiomycetous soil fungus Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten. In some experiments, the ascomycetous Trichoderma asperellum 302 was also used. The hyphae of Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten were largely hydrophilic on water-containing media versus hydrophobic when aerial, as evidenced by contact angle analyses (CA). Co-migration of B. terrae strain BS001 cells with the hyphae of the two fungi occurred preferentially along the - presumably hydrophilic - soil-dwelling hyphae, whereas aerial hyphae did not allow efficient migration, due to reduced thickness of their surrounding mucous films. Moreover, the cell numbers over the length of the hyphae in soil showed an uneven distribution, i.e. the CFU numbers increased from minima at the inoculation point to maximal numbers in the middle of the extended hyphae, then decreasing towards the terminal side. Microscopic analyses of the strain BS001 associations with the Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten hyphae in the microcosms confirmed the presence of B. terrae BS001 cells on the mucous matter that was present at the hyphal surfaces of the fungi used. Cell agglomerates were found to accumulate at defined sites on the hyphal surfaces, which were coined ‘fungal-interactive’ hot spots. Evidence was further obtained for the contention that receptors for a physical bacterium-fungus interaction occur at the Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten hyphal surface, in which the specific glycosphingolipid ceramide mono hexoside (CMH) plays an important role. Thus, bacterial adherence may be mediated by heterogeneously-distributed fungal-specific receptors, implying the CMH moieties. This study sheds light on the physical aspects of the B. terrae BS001 – L. sp strain Karsten interaction, highlighting heterogeneity along the hyphae with respect to hydrophobicity and the presence of potential anchoring sites

Glucosylceramides from Lomentospora prolificans induce a differential production of cytokines and increases the microbicidal activity of macrophages

Lomentospora prolificans is an emerging opportunistic fungus with a high resistance to antifungal agents and it can cause localized infections in immunocompetent patients and disseminated infections with a high mortality rate in immunosuppressed patients. Glucosylceramides (GlcCer) are synthetized in the majority of known fungal pathogens. They are bioactive molecules presenting different functions, such as involvement in fungal growth and morphological transitions in several fungi. The elucidation of the primary structure of the fungal surface glycoconjugates could contribute for the understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenicity. In this work, GlcCer species were isolated from mycelium and conidia forms of L. prolificans and their chemical structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). GlcCer purified from both forms presented a major species at m/z 750 that corresponds to N-2-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-1-?-D-glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine. Monoclonal antibodies against GlcCer could recognize L. prolificans GlcCer species from mycelium and conidia, suggesting a conserved epitope in fungal GlcCer. In addition, in vivo assays showed that purified GlcCer species from both forms was able to induce a high secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by splenocytes. GlcCer species also promote the recruitment of polymorphonuclear, eosinophils, small peritoneal macrophage (SPM) and mononuclear cells to the peritoneal cavity. GlcCer species were also able to induce the oxidative burst by peritoneal macrophages with NO and superoxide radicals production, and to increase the killing of L. prolificans conidia by peritoneal macrophages. These results indicate that GlcCer species from L. prolificans are a potent immune response activator. Copyright © 2019 Xisto, Henao, Dias, Santos, Calixto, Bernardino, Taborda and Barreto-Bergter

The Nursing Care Actions Toward the Pregnant women: Challenging the Primary Health Care / As Ações de Enfermagem no Cuidado à Gestante: Um Desafio à Atenção Primária de Saúde

Objetivo: verificar as ações desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de enfermagem na assistência às gestantes em unidades de atenção primária à saúde. Métodos: estudo descritivo e transversal realizado em um município do Sul de Minas Gerais, que acompanhou 134 gestantes. O levantamento das ações desempenhadas pelos nove profissionais ocorreu por meio da observação sistemática e utilizou-se um instrumento que abordava as melhores evidências científicas da prática obstétrica. A análise foi apresentada por meio de tabelas de contingência, frequência absoluta e percentual. Resultados: dentre as ações realizadas na pré-consulta a aferição da pressão arterial foi de 97,7%. Quanto às orientações realizadas pelos profissionais sobre o aleitamento materno e teste do pezinho constatou-se uma percentagem de 30,59% e 74,35%, respectivamente. Conclusão: constata-se que os profissionais desenvolvem a consulta de pré-natal de forma incompleta. Ressalta-se que a educação permanente voltada para as competências essenciais em obstetrícia pode ofertar uma assistência integral e de qualidade