Acute diarrhea

A abordagem atual do paciente com diarréia aguda é apresentada.We herein present the guidelines for the approach of the patient with acute diarrhea

Development of a self-diagnostic system integrated into a cyber-physical system

CONTROLAR provides Bosch with an intelligent functional testing machine used to test the correct functioning of the car radios produced. During this process, the radios are submitted to several tests, raising the problem of how the machine detects errors in several radios consecutively, making it impossible to know if the device has a problem since it has no module to see if it works correctly. This article arises from the need to find a solution to solve this problem, which was to develop a self-diagnostic system that will ensure the reliability and integrity of the cyber-physical system, passing a detailed state of the art. The development of this system was based on the design of an architecture that combines the KDT methodology with a DSL to manage and configure the tests to integrate the self-diagnostic test system into a CPS. A total of 28 test cases were performed to cover all its functionalities. The results show that all test cases passed. Therefore, the system meets all the proposed objectives.This article is a result of the project POCI-01-0247-FEDER-040130, supported by Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (COMPETE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

Cadastro de pessoas

Esta nota técnica apresenta os problemas e propõe soluções técnicas para a implantação do processo de atualização dos dados cadastrais. A atualização dos dados cadastrais dos usuários da rede UNA-SUS é um processo desejável para a evolução da segurança, qualidade e a validade da informação administrada pela Secretaria Executiva do Sistema UNA-SUS (SE-UNA-SUS)

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes do not support replication of Zika virus

The rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas raised many questions about the role of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in transmission, in addition to the key role played by the vector Aedes aegypti. Here we analysed the competence of Cx. quinquefasciatus (with or without Wolbachia endosymbionts) for a ZIKV isolate. We also examined the induction of RNA interference pathways after viral challenge and the production of small virus-derived RNAs. We did not observe any infection nor such small virus-derived RNAs, regardless of the presence or absence of Wolbachia. Thus, Cx. quinquefasciatus does not support ZIKV replication and Wolbachia is not involved in producing this phenotype. In short, these mosquitoes are very unlikely to play a role in transmission of ZIKV

Steroselective synthesis of imidazolidin-4-ones from α-amino amides of the antimalarial primaquine and substituted benzaldehydes

Imidazolidin-4-ones are commonly employed as skeletal modifications in bioactive oligopeptides, either as proline surrogates or for protection of the N-terminal amino acid against aminopeptidase-catalysed hydrolysis . We have been working on the synthesis of imidazolidin-4-ones of the antimalarial primaquine , through acylation of primaquine with an α-amino acid and subsequent reaction of the resulting α-aminoamide with a ketone or aldehyde. Thus, when using racemic primaquine, an optically pure chiral α-amino acid and an aldehyde as starting materials, four imidazolidin-4-one diastereomers are to be expected (Scheme 1). However, we have recently observed that imidazolidin-4-one synthesis was stereoselective when 2-carboxybenzaldehyde (2CBA)* was used, as only two diastereomers were produced2. Computational studies have shown that the imine formed prior to ring closure had, for structures derived from 2CBA, a quasi-cyclic rigid structure2. This rigid conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond involving the C=O oxygen atom of the 2-carboxyl substituent in 2CBA and the N-H group of the α-amino amide moiety2. These findings led us to postulate that the 2-carbonyl substituent in the benzaldehyde moiety was the key for the stereoselective synthesis of the imidazolidin-4-ones2

Management of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a common emergency, and continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. This review aimed to medical student and doctors offers guidelines for the approach of patients with this type of hemorrhage, by showing therapeutic options involving different specialists’ reports.A hemorragia digestiva alta não varicosa é uma emergência comum, e continua sendo uma causa significativa de morbimortalidade. Esta revisão objetiva oferecer aos estudantes de Medicina e médicos recomendações para o atendimento do paciente com esse tipo hemorragia, de forma a mostrar as abordagens terapêuticas, reunindo opiniões de diferentes especialistas

Evaluacion de la probabilidad de ocurrencia de fuegos en rodales de Pinus pinaster Ait en Portugal

Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is an important conifer from the western Mediterranean Basin extending over 22% of the forest area in Portugal. In the last three decades nearly 4% of Maritime pine area has been burned by wildfires. Yet no wildfire occurrence probability models are available and forest and fire management planning activities are thus carried out mostly independently of each other. This paper presents research to address this gap. Specifically, it presents a model to assess wildfire occurrence probability in regular and pure Maritime pine stands in Portugal. Emphasis was in developing a model based on easily available inventory data so that it might be useful to forest managers. For that purpose, data from the last two Portuguese National Forest Inventories (NFI) and data from wildfire perimeters in the years from 1998 to 2004 and from 2006 to 2007 were used. A binary logistic regression model was build using biometric data from the NFL Biometric data included indicators that might be changed by operations prescribed in forest planning. Results showed that the probability of wildfire occurrence in a stand increases in stand located at steeper slopes and with high shrubs load while it decreases with precipitation and with stand basal area. These results are instrumental for assessing the impact of forest management options on wildfire probability thus helping forest managers to reduce the risk of wildfire

A feasibility study with survival in swine model

Transrectal access still has some unsolved issues such as spatial orientation, infection, access and site closure. This study presents a simple technique to perform transcolonic access with survival in a swine model series. A new technique for NOTES perirectal access to perform retroperitoneoscopy, peritoneoscopy, liver and lymphnode biopsies was performed in 6 pigs, using Totally NOTES technique. The specimens were extracted transanally. The flexible endoscope was inserted through a posterior transmural incision and the retrorectal space. Cultures of bacteria were documented for the retroperitoneal space and intra abdominal cavity after 14 days. Rectal site was closed using non-absorbable sutures. There was no bowel cleansing, nor preoperative fasting. The procedures were performed in 6 pigs through transcolonic natural orifice access using available endoscopic flexible instruments. All animals survived 14 days without complications, and cultures were negative. Histopathologic examination of the rectal closure site showed adequate healing of suture line and no micro abscesses. The results of feasibility and safety of experimental Transcolonic NOTES potentially brings new frontiers and future wider applications for minimally invasive surgery. The treatment of colorectal, abdominal and retroperitoneal diseases through a flexible Perirectal NOTES Access (PNA) is a promising new approach