163 research outputs found

    Primeiro encontro de Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) na área urbana de Campo Grande, MS, Brasil

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    This is a report of the first finding of visceral leishmaniasis' vector Lutzomyia longipalpis in the urban area of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul. The importance of this finding regarding the transmission of the disease in this area is discussed.Relata-se a ocorrência, pela primeira vez, do vetor da leishmaniose visceral, Lutzomyia longipalpis, na área urbana de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. Discute-se a importância deste encontro na transmissão da doença nessa área

    Abiotic factors and population dynamic of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in an endemic area of dengue in Brazil

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    Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are exotic species in the Americas with high epidemiological relevance as they are vectors of many pathogens. This study aimed at understanding the population dynamics of A. aegypti and A. albopictus and the influence of abiotic factors in an endemic area of dengue. The study was conducted in the urban area of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, over one year. In seven regions of the city, 50 ovitraps were installed in each neighborhood. The development of the larvae was monitored under controlled laboratory conditions until they reached the adult phase. A total of 50,900 eggs of Aedes sp. were collected, 26,073 of which reached adulthood: 25,496 (97.8 %) A. aegypti and 540 (2.1%) A. albopictus. A. aegypti was observed in all months during the study. The highest number of A. albopictus eggs were collected in June, while in August and September, an absence of this species was noted. Abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall were responsible for the observed fluctuations in the mosquito population. The presence of A. albopictus in the urban area of the city is concerning because it could become a potential vector for other arboviruses that afflict human populations. The occurrence of these species in Campo Grande reinforces the need for constant entomological and epidemiological surveillance so that informed actions could be taken to decrease potential breeding sites

    Sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an urban area, Central-West of Brazil

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    Biological and ecological relations among vectors and their pathogens are important to understand the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. Camapuã is an endemic area for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to characterize the sandfly fauna present in Camapuã , MS, Brazil. Sand flies were collected every fortnight from May 2014 to April 2015 using automatic light traps in the domicile and peridomicile of twelve neighborhoods and forest. The collected specimens were identified based on morphology according to the valid identification keys. In total, 2005 sandflies of five genera and nine species were collected. Nyssomyia whitmani and Lutzomyia cruzi were the most abundant species. Males were more abundant, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.14. The highest diversity was observed in peripheral neighborhood, with abundant plant cover. The peridomicile presented greater abundance of sandflies, with the predominance of Ny. whitmani . No significant correlation between the absolute frequencies of the most abundant species and the precipitation variable was observed; however, there was a predominance of Lu. cruzi in the rainy season. We observed a high frequency of sandflies in urban area, especially vector species. The presence of Nyssomyia whitmani and Lutzomyia cruzi indicate the necessity for health surveillance in the municipality. Additional method of collection such as sticky trap is also recommended for appropriate faunestic study

    O emprego de resíduos de areia de fundição (RAF) em concreto asfáltico: uma alternativa para a sustentabilidade na pavimentação

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    Neste artigo, resíduos de areias de fundição (RAFs) originários de: escavação em aterro sanitário industrial e diretamente de indústrias siderúrgicas automotivas foram testados como agregado em misturas asfálticas à quente. Estes RAFs, juntamente com o agregado miúdo convencional, foram caracterizados fisicamente obtendo no ensaio de: material pulverulento, teores inferiores a 13%; composição granulométrica, curvas de material passante em função da abertura das malhas equivalentes ao agregado miúdo (segundo a norma de agregados); densidade real, aparente e saturada muito próximas ao agregado mineral; micrografia óptica, imagens ampliadas (de 10 e 40 vezes obtidas em um Estereoscópio óptico) das frações representativas do maior e menor tamanhos de grãos, visualmente uniformes e semelhantes entre si. Em seguida, foram elaboradas formulações de misturas de agregados e RAFs contendo teores de substituição dos resíduos de: 0% (mistura Controle), 50 e 100% em relação ao pó de pedra e moldados corpos de prova cilíndricos pelo método giratório SUPERPAVE com cimento asfáltico do tipo CAP 30/45. Estes CPs foram testados no ensaio de tração por compressão diametral, obtendo valores de resistência a tração (RT) da ordem de: 2,0 MPa, para as misturas contendo 50% de RAF (das duas origens) e da ordem de 1,3 MPa nas misturas contendo 100% de RAF; e ensaio de módulo de resiliência obtendo valores médios da ordem de: 2500 a 6000 MPa. Concluiu-se que o RAF possui viabilidade técnica como agregado em pavimentos flexíveis.Palavras-chave: resíduos, sustentabilidade, pavimentos.

    Phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) of an American cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

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    The occurrence of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the municipality of Bela Vista, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and the absence of information on its vectors in this area led the authors to undertake captures of phlebotomine sand flies, using Shannon traps and automatic CDC light traps, in domiciles, forested areas and animal shelters from February 2004-January 2006. A total of 808 specimens belonging to 18 sandfly species have been identified: Bichromomyia flaviscutellata,Brumptomyia avellari, Brumptomyia brumpti, Brumptomyia sp, Evandromyia aldafalcaoae, Evandromyia cortelezzii, Evandromyia evandroi, Evandromyia lenti, Evandromyia teratodes, Evandromyia termitophila, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia whitmani, Pintomyia christenseni, Psathyromyia aragaoi, Psathyromyia campograndensis, Psathyromyia punctigeniculata, Psathyromyia shannoni and Sciopemyia sordellii. The presence of Lu. longipalpis, Ny. whitmani and Bi. flaviscutellata, vectors of Leishmania chagasi, Leishmania braziliensis and L. amazonensis, respectively, has increased.FUNDECT - DECIT Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia do Ministério da Saúd

    ARTEFATOS COM AREIA DESCARTADA DE FUNDIÇÃO E SUA VIABILIDADE

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    Sustainability applied to constructions, aims waste and environmental impacts reducing by building and environment integration. In this context, the use of alternative materials, such as non-hazardous industrial waste, becomes a solution. For measure this sustainable impact, this paper demonstrated the technical and economic viability of Waste Foundry Sand (WFS); an industrial waste; as an aggregate in concrete blocks. To this end, the WFS was characterized according to construction aggregates methodologies and a batch of concrete brick with 33% of WFS (by mass) were produced. The economic study, in other hand, was developed by determination of direct economy due to reuse (in USD/t); with the mathematical deduction of two algorithms. The results showed technical viability within the Brazilian criteria, as Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) standards for aggregates and bricks. In addition, the economy generated were about 1 to 10%, increased by others monetary benefits on production and disposal chain of WFS.A sustentabilidade na construção civil objetiva a redução de desperdícios, impactos ambientais e integração do empreendimento com o meio ambiente, sendo que o reuso de resíduos industriais não perigosos como agregado é uma solução que contribui para a sustentabilidade. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar a viabilidade técnica e econômica da reutilização do resíduo industrial Areia Descartada de Fundição (ADF), como agregado em artefatos de cimento. Para tanto, a ADF foi caracterizada segundo as metodologias para agregados da construção e foram produzidos lotes de artefatos de cimento contendo 33 % de ADF (em massa). Para estimar a economia direta do reuso em USD/t, foram propostos dois modelos matemáticos. Os resultados mostraram a viabilidade técnica em relação às normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) para agregados e artefatos de cimento, e uma economia proporcionada da ordem de 1 a 10 %, além de impactos positivos na cadeia de produção e descarte de ADF

    APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS NA ANÁLISE DE CONCRETO ASFÁLTICO CONTENDO RAF COMO AGREGADO

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    O reuso de resíduos industriais, como Resíduo de Areia de Fundição (RAF), é uma alternativa para redução do uso de agregados minerais. Estes resíduos são similares aos agregados utilizados na pavimentação asfáltica; todavia, é preciso comprovar sua viabilidade técnica. Neste sentido, modelos computacionais por Métodos de Elementos Finitos (MEF), complementam resultados empíricos, simulando o comportamento deste pavimento alternativo. Neste artigo foi construído um modelo computacional com MEF, simulando o comportamento do Concreto Betuminoso Usinado à Quente (CBUQ) contendo RAF como agregado no ambiente do software Abaqus. O modelo foi validado ao comparar dados resposta com resultados empíricos. Em seguida foi analisando quanto ao seu comportamento mecânico e em dois estudos de caso. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios quando comparados a resultados empíricos. Confirmando a aplicabilidade do MEF na engenharia rodoviária, particularmente em CBUQ contendo RA

    Incorporating biodiversity responses to land use change scenarios for preventing emerging zoonotic diseases in areas of unknown host-pathogen interactions

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    The need to reconcile food production, the safeguarding of nature, and the protection of public health is imperative in a world of continuing global change, particularly in the context of risks of emerging zoonotic disease (EZD). In this paper, we explored potential land use strategies to reduce EZD risks using a landscape approach. We focused on strategies for cases where the dynamics of pathogen transmission among species were poorly known and the ideas of “land-use induced spillover” and “landscape immunity” could be used very broadly. We first modeled three different land-use change scenarios in a region of transition between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspots. The land-use strategies used to build our scenarios reflected different proportions of native vegetation cover, as a proxy of habitat availability. We then evaluated the effects of the proportion of native vegetation cover on the occupancy probability of a group of mammal species and analyzed how the different land-use scenarios might affect the distribution of species in the landscape and thus the risk of EZD. We demonstrate that these approaches can help identify potential future EZD risks, and can thus be used as decision-making tools by stakeholders, with direct implications for improving both environmental and socio-economic outcomes
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