Ca2+-Calmodulin Dependent Inactivation of TRPM2

The interaction of Ca2+-calmodulin is known to promote Ca2+-dependent negative feedback on the activity of various Ca permeable channels through Ca -dependent inactivation. Our laboratory has previously observed a progressive, time-dependent inactivation of TRPM2 (melastatin-related transient receptor potential channel 2). Currents were evoked from HEK 293T cells stably expressing TRPM2, through-the intracellular application of ADPR. TRPM2-mediated currents developed rapidly, reaching a peak and decaying to a steady state in the continued presence of extracellular Ca2+. Full recovery of TRPM2 channels from inactivation was dependent on ADPR concentration. Inactivation was reduced at more depolarized membrane potentials, consistent with a reduced driving force and influx of Ca2+. The extent of inactivation was dependent on extra- and intracellular Ca2+. Exogenous application of calmodulin results in a slower recovery of TRPM2 channels, in addition to increased inactivation. In conclusion, I have shown that TRPM2 channels are susceptible to Ca2+-dependent inactivation involving calmodulin

konflik Israel-Palestina dalam perspektif Nahdlatul Ulama dan Muhammadiyah Di Desa Takerharjo Lamongan: "analisis sosiologi pengetahuan Karl Manheim"

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Key themes for the global energy economy in 2022

This paper contains 20 short articles which outline the views of OIES research fellows on some of the key themes for the global energy economy in 2022. Starting with views on the short-term outlook for oil, electricity and gas markets, the articles move on to cover LNG supply and Russian export strategy as well as the future of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline. The majority of the articles, though, are on issues around the energy transition, looking at the key milestones ahead of COP27 but also considering many of the most important topics discussed at COP26 where action now needs to be taken. These include the Global Methane Pledge, the development of voluntary carbon markets, the prospects for hydrogen projects, the building of a business case for CCUS and the need to update country NDCs in the next 12 months. The paper also looks at regional developments in the EU, India and China, and considers a number of legislative and regulatory topics that are likely to dominate environmental policy making in the energy sector during 2022

PERTUMBUHAN DAN MORTALITAS PADA ANAKAN POHON BINTANGUR (Calophyllum soulatri BURM. F) DI HUTAN BUKIT PINANG-PINANG

viii, 43 ha

PERTUMBUHAN DAN MORTALITAS PADA ANAKAN POHON BINTANGUR (Calophyllum soulattri BURM. F) DI HUTAN BUKIT PINANG-PINANG

viii, 40 ha