The Impact of Breastfeeding Education on Attitudes Toward Breastfeeding in Adolescents Attending Public Urban, Suburban, and Rural High Schools

The medically supported benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and their children include, but are not limited to : decreasing the risk of pneumonia, diarrhea, and type-II diabetes, acting as a method of hormonal birth control, and decreasing the incidence of post-partum depression (World Health Organization, 2015). According to the World Health Organization (2015), breastfeeding is also the most economically secure way to ensure proper nutrition for an infant. However, cultural norms of the United States, as evidenced in the media and public opinion, exploit and sexualize the bodies of women. Many families, therefore, are hesitant to breastfeed for fear of judgement, or refuse to breastfeed as a result of internalized oppression (Woods, Chesser, & Wipperman, 2013). Research shows that most women make decisions about parenthood and breastfeeding long before they choose to have children (Ho & McGrath, 2016). The teenage years are those in which individuals form their identity and do so largely in the context of their social environment (Erikson, 1993). Furthermore, studies suggest that social supports are a major contributing factor to breastfeeding attitudes and intentions (Seidel et al., 2013). Therefore, this research proposal presents a format of evidence based education to target the adolescent population to address this issue of not only public and women’s health, but women’s rights

Achieving genuinely dynamic road user charging : issues with a GNSS-based approach

Peer reviewedPostprin

Prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems in cerebral palsy across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta‐analyses

Aim: To determine the prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems in persons with cerebral palsy (CP) across the lifespan. Method: A systematic review was conducted using five different databases (AMED, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed). The selection process was completed by two independent researchers and the methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the STROBE and AXIS guidelines. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine pooled prevalence estimates of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems with stratified group analyses by type of assessment and Gross Motor Function Classification System level. Results: A total of 42 studies were included. Substantial variations in selected outcome measures and variables were observed, and data on adults were limited. Pooled prevalence estimates determined by meta-analyses were as high as 44.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 35.6–52.7) for drooling, 50.4% (95% CI 36.0–64.8) for swallowing problems, and 53.5% (95% CI 40.7–65.9) for feeding problems. Group analyses for type of assessments were non-significant; however, more severely impaired functioning in CP was associated with concomitant problems of increased drooling, swallowing, and feeding. Interpretation: Drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems are very common in people with CP. Consequently, they experience increased risks of malnutrition and dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and poor quality of life. What this paper adds: Drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems are very common in persons with cerebral palsy (CP). The prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems is 44.0%, 50.4%, and 53.5% respectively. There are limited data on the prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems in adults. Higher Gross Motor Function Classification System levels are associated with higher prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems. There is increased risk for malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and poor quality of life in CP

Concert recording 2022-10-20

[Track 1]. Sinfonia no. 10 in B minor / Felix Mendelssohn -- [Track 2]. Novelletten no. 1 / Samuel Coleridge-Taylor -- [Track 3]. Suite in E major, op. 63. I. Prauledium ; II. Pizzicato and adagietto ; III. Fuge / Arthur Foote

Concert recording 2022-10-20

[Track 1]. Sinfonia no. 10 in B minor / Felix Mendelssohn -- [Track 2]. Novelletten no. 1 / Samuel Coleridge-Taylor -- [Track 3]. Suite in E major, op. 63. I. Prauledium ; II. Pizzicato and adagietto ; III. Fuge / Arthur Foote

Dietary patterns of lactating women in central North Carolina evaluated using three validated assessment tools.

Background: During lactation, there is an increased maternal need for almost all nutrients. It has been reported that maternal status of some nutrients (i.e. vitamin A, C and DHA) can affect breast milk composition. Data about dietary patterns of lactating women in the United States are scarce and only a small number of studies evaluated micronutrient intake. Objectives: The primary objective of this pilot study is to describe the dietary patterns of lactating women in central North Carolina using established and emerging dietary assessment tools, with a particular focus on fruits and vegetables (F&V). A secondary objective is to explore the relationship between maternal intake of fruits, vegetables, and vitamin A, with breast milk vitamin A and carotenoid concentrations. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 lactating women residing in central North Carolina were recruited between July 2018 and April 2019. We collected dietary information using three assessment methods: 24-hour Food Record, REAP dietary screener, and Veggie Meter™, a non-invasive biomarker of F&V intake that has been validated in non-lactating individuals. A single breast milk sample was also collected. Results: Thirty-one participants (78%) were flagged for referral to a Registered Dietitian based on their REAP scores. There was a significant correlation between the Food Record F&V servings and the Veggie Meter™ for subjects who reported that the 24-hour food record was reflective of their usual intake (n=9; p=0.031; R=0.71). The relationship of breast milk beta-carotene and the Veggie Meter™ scores was also statistically significant (n=12; p=0.022; R=0.65). Conclusion: F&V intake in lactating women is often below recommendations. The Veggie Meter™ scores correlated positively with breast milk beta-carotene and F&V intake which can provide an objective method of assessing F&V intake in lactating women in future studies