5,885 research outputs found
Channel spaser
We show that net amplification of surface plasmons is achieved in channel in
a metal plate due to nonradiative excitation by quantum dots. This makes
possible lossless plasmon transmission lines in the channel as well as the
amplification and generation of coherent surface plasmons. As an example, a
ring channel spaser is considered
Conservation laws for multidimensional systems and related linear algebra problems
We consider multidimensional systems of PDEs of generalized evolution form
with t-derivatives of arbitrary order on the left-hand side and with the
right-hand side dependent on lower order t-derivatives and arbitrary space
derivatives. For such systems we find an explicit necessary condition for
existence of higher conservation laws in terms of the system's symbol. For
systems that violate this condition we give an effective upper bound on the
order of conservation laws. Using this result, we completely describe
conservation laws for viscous transonic equations, for the Brusselator model,
and the Belousov-Zhabotinskii system. To achieve this, we solve over an
arbitrary field the matrix equations SA=A^tS and SA=-A^tS for a quadratic
matrix A and its transpose A^t, which may be of independent interest.Comment: 12 pages; proof of Theorem 1 clarified; misprints correcte
Results on the Wess-Zumino consistency condition for arbitrary Lie algebras
The so-called covariant Poincare lemma on the induced cohomology of the
spacetime exterior derivative in the cohomology of the gauge part of the BRST
differential is extended to cover the case of arbitrary, non reductive Lie
algebras. As a consequence, the general solution of the Wess-Zumino consistency
condition with a non trivial descent can, for arbitrary (super) Lie algebras,
be computed in the small algebra of the 1 form potentials, the ghosts and their
exterior derivatives. For particular Lie algebras that are the semidirect sum
of a semisimple Lie subalgebra with an ideal, a theorem by Hochschild and Serre
is used to characterize more precisely the cohomology of the gauge part of the
BRST differential in the small algebra. In the case of an abelian ideal, this
leads to a complete solution of the Wess-Zumino consistency condition in this
space. As an application, the consistent deformations of 2+1 dimensional
Chern-Simons theory based on iso(2,1) are rediscussed.Comment: 39 pages Latex file, 1 eps figure, typos and proof of lemma 5
correcte
Fast front-end L0 trigger electronics for ALICE FMD-MCP tests and performance
We present design details and new measurements of the performance of fast electronics for the Forward Multiplicity Detector for ALICE. These detectors based on sector type Microchannel Plates (MCP) forming several disks gave the very first trigger decision in the experiment (L0). Fast passive summators integrated with the detectors are used for linear summation of up to eight isochronous signal channels from MCP pads belonging to one sector. Two types of microelectronics design thin film summators were produced. We present test results for these summators, working in the frequency range up to 1 Ghz. New low noise preamplifiers have been built to work with these summators. The new design shows a good performance with the usable frequency range extended up to 1 Ghz. An upgrade of the functional scheme for the L0 ALICE pre-trigger design is also presented.Abstract:List of figures Figure 1: ALICE L0 Trigger Front-End Electronics Functional Scheme. Figure 2: UHF design for a fast passive summator based on directional couplers. Figure 3: Photo of an industrially produced passive summator based on circular bridges. Figure 4: Oscillogram of the fast 4 signals separated by different delays shown at the fast output of the passive summator. Figure 5: The same as in Figure 4, but with the delays removed. Figure 6: Fast preamplifier layout. Figure 7: Gain versus Frequency Response for fast preamplifier. Figure 8: Transition response of the preamplifier for a 100 psec rise time step function. Figure 9: The shape of the MCP signal measured after the summator and fast preamplifier. </A
Fast Pre-Trigger Electronics of T0/Centrality MCP-Based Start Detector for ALICE
This work describes an alternative to the current ALICE baseline solution for a TO detector, still under development. The proposed system consists of two MCP-based T0/Centrality Start Detectors (backward-forward isochronous disks) equipped with programmable, TTC synchronized front-end electronic cards (FEECs) which would be positioned along the LHC colliding beam line on both sides of the ALICE interaction region. The purpose of this arrangement, providing both precise timing and fast multiplicity selection, is to give a pre-trigger signal at the earliest possible time after a central event. This pre-trigger can be produced within 25 ns. It can be delivered within 100 ns directly to the Transition Radiation Detector and would be the earliest L0 input coming to the ALICE Central Trigger Processor. A noise-free passive multichannel summator of 2ns signals is used to provide a determination of the collision time with a potential accuracy better than 10 ps in the case of Pb-Pb collisions, the limit coming from the electronics. Results from in-beam tests confirm the functionality of the main elements. Further development plans are presented
Bi-differential calculi and integrable models
The existence of an infinite set of conserved currents in completely
integrable classical models, including chiral and Toda models as well as the KP
and self-dual Yang-Mills equations, is traced back to a simple construction of
an infinite chain of closed (respectively, covariantly constant) 1-forms in a
(gauged) bi-differential calculus. The latter consists of a differential
algebra on which two differential maps act. In a gauged bi-differential
calculus these maps are extended to flat covariant derivatives.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures, uses amssymb.sty and diagrams.sty, substantial
extensions of examples (relative to first version
Identification of electrofacies on the basis of well logging to determine sedimentation environment of horizon JK[2] in Em-Egovskoe field (Western Siberia)
Well logging results are one of the ways to study the buried terrigenous rocks genesis. To ensure the most objective characterization of the rock and identification of electrofacies it is necessary to use a complex geological and geophysical survey. The comprehensive investigations of environmental conditions based on well logging have been performed for the horizon JK[2] of Tumenskoe formation in Em-Egovskoe area, Krasnoleninskoe field (Western Siberia). The defined electrofacies were compared with the results of earlier conducted granulometric and mineralogical analyses. The totality of research provided for a conclusion that the investigated sediments of horizon JK2 had been formed within the destructive tidal delta. Thus, objective facies prediction can only be ensured by analyzing core and well logging data comprehensively
Nonlocal aspects of -symmetries and ODEs reduction
A reduction method of ODEs not possessing Lie point symmetries makes use of
the so called -symmetries (C. Muriel and J. L. Romero, \emph{IMA J.
Appl. Math.} \textbf{66}, 111-125, 2001). The notion of covering for an ODE
is used here to recover -symmetries of as
nonlocal symmetries. In this framework, by embedding into a
suitable system determined by the function ,
any -symmetry of can be recovered by a local symmetry of
. As a consequence, the reduction method of Muriel and
Romero follows from the standard method of reduction by differential invariants
applied to .Comment: 13 page
Gauge transformations and symmetries of integrable systems
We analyze several integrable systems in zero-curvature form within the
framework of invariant gauge theory. In the Drienfeld-Sokolov gauge
we derive a two-parameter family of nonlinear evolution equations which as
special cases include the Kortweg-de Vries (KdV) and Harry Dym equations. We
find residual gauge transformations which lead to infinintesimal symmetries of
this family of equations. For KdV and Harry Dym equations we find an infinite
hierarchy of such symmetry transformations, and we investigate their relation
with local conservation laws, constants of the motion and the bi-Hamiltonian
structure of the equations. Applying successive gauge transformatinos of Miura
type we obtain a sequence of gauge equivalent integrable systems, among them
the modified KdV and Calogero KdV equations.Comment: 18pages, no figure Journal versio
Digital receivers for low-frequency radio telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT
This paper describes digital radio astronomical receivers used for decameter
and meter wavelength observations. This paper describes digital radio
astronomical receivers used for decameter and meter wavelength observations.
Since 1998, digital receivers performing on-the-fly dynamic spectrum
calculations or waveform data recording without data loss have been used at the
UTR-2 radio telescope, the URAN VLBI system, and the GURT new generation radio
telescope. Here we detail these receivers developed for operation in the strong
interference environment that prevails in the decameter wavelength range. Data
collected with these receivers allowed us to discover numerous radio
astronomical objects and phenomena at low frequencies, a summary of which is
also presented.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figure
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