In-class use of information and communication technologies in discipline “Fundamentals of informatics and computer engineering”

En kvinna i tiden : En studie om prinsessan Eugénies filantropiska verksamhet på Gotland under senare delen av 1800-talet Av Anna Hagberg Mitt syfte med denna studie är som jag ovan berört, att undersöka prinsessan Eugénies filantropiska verksamhet på Gotland under 1800-talets senare hälft. Av alla de verksamheter och föreningar hon startade kommer jag att fokusera på Visby Skyddsförening, vilken Eugénie lät grunda år 1863 samt Gotlands Sjukhem som uppfördes år 1867. Min förhoppning med dessa två inrättningar är att kunna kasta ljus över den allmänna debatt om filantropi som fördes i Sverige under denna period. Jag vill även undersöka om de frågor som belystes i debatten var essentiella för prinsessan Eugénies mål och motiv som filantrop på Gotland. För att uppnå detta syfte har jag ställt mig följande frågeställningar, vilka presenteras nedan: Vilken social inriktning hade Visby Skyddsförening samt Gotlands Sjukhem – alltså vilka människor var det som fick hjälp utav dessa verksamheter? Utreddes hjälpbehovet innan hjälpen gavs och hur gavs hjälpen i de två verksamheterna i sådana fall? Vad skulle hjälpen leda till – vilken målsättning hade prinsessan Eugénie med de två verksamheterna? Hur finansierades hjälpen för Skyddsföreningen respektive Sjukhemmet? Vad hände efter prinsessans död, alltså vad finns kvar av dessa två verksamheter idag?Kampen om historien : Tre skildringar av den svenska fackföreningsrörelsen studerade utifrån ett socialdemokratiskt hegemoniperspektiv Av Anna Friberg Det här är en historiografisk uppsats, det vill säga en uppsats som behandlar framställningar och tolkningar av det förflutna. Dess syfte är att, med utgångspunkt i Åsa Linderborgs avhandling Socialdemokraterna skriver historia: Historieskrivning som ideologisk maktresurs 1892-20002, undersöka hur utbredd den socialdemokratiska hegemonin3 kan sägas vara. Jag kommer alltså, med min undersökning, att testa Linderborgs teori om den socialdemokratiska hegemonin över historieskrivningen. Jag gör detta med fackföreningshistoriken som undersökningsobjekt. Genom att studera tre skildringar av relationen mellan fackföreningsrörelsen och det socialdemokratiska partiet, en relation som, enligt Linderborg, vanligen målas upp som harmonisk  syftar uppsatsen till att undersöka huruvida Linderborg har rätt i sina slutsatser eller om hon har missat vissa tendenser och fakta. Det är alltså en uppsats rörande historieskrivningen och frågan gäller huruvida den bör ses som kontrollerad eller inte

The effect of anxiolytic drug afobazole on the quality of life of patients with anxiety disorders

The results of the quality of life (QoL) changes study during fabomotizole treatment in patients with anxiety disorders are presented. The QoL indexes measured with WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in patients with anxiety disorders are significantly decreased compared to healthy persons. Fabomotizole treatment is associated with both positive changes in QoL and anxiety symptoms reduction. Given the need to treat anxiety disorders in outpatient settings and importance to maintain patient’s optimal social performance and QoL it is reasonable to use fabomotizole as the first line treatment

Neurofibromatosis: analysis of clinical cases and new diagnostic criteria

Neurofibromatoses are a group of genetic disorders with predisposing for central and peripheral nervous system tumor development. The group includes three entities: neurofibromatosis type I, neurofibromatosis type II and schwannomatosis, which are characterized by gradual phenotype development and have a partially overlapping spectrum of manifestations, which complicates diagnosis establishing, especially at the stage of clinical onset. At the same time, the emergence of new pathogenetic therapy and the high risk of transmission to descendants actualize the necessity of early diagnosis. DNA tests allow us to reliably confirm the presumed diagnosis. This article presents a review of neurofibromatoses, their clinical features and courses, modern diagnostic criteria and indications for DNA tests

The impact of Opisthorchis felineus infection and praziquantel treatment on the intestinal microbiota in children

peer reviewedThe presence of some species of helminths is associated with changes in host microbiota composition and diversity, which varies widely depending on the infecting helminth species and other factors. We conducted a prospective case-control study to evaluate the gut microbiota in children with Opisthorchis felineus infection (n=50) before and after anthelmintic treatment and in uninfected children (n=49) in the endemic region. A total of 99 children and adolescents aged between 7 and 18 years were enrolled to the study. Helminth infection was assessed before and at 3 months after treatment with praziquantel. A complex examination for each participant was performed in the study, including an assessment of the clinical symptoms and an intestinal microbiota survey by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool samples. There was no change in alpha diversity between O. felineus-infected and control groups. We found significant changes in the abundances of bacterial taxa at different taxonomic levels between the infected and uninfected individuals. Enterobacteriaceae family was more abundant in infected participants compared to uninfected children. On the genus level, O. felineus-infected participants’ microbiota showed higher levels of Lachnospira, Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides, Eubacterium eligens group, Ruminiclostridium 6, Barnesiella, Oscillibacter, Faecalitalea and Anaerosporobacter and reduction of Blautia, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 and Eubacterium hallii group in comparison with the uninfected individuals. Following praziquantel therapy, there were significant differences in abundances of some microorganisms, including an increase of Faecalibacterium and decrease of Megasphaera, Roseburia. Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia abundances were decreased up to the control group values. Our results highlight the importance of the host-parasite-microbiota interactions for the community health in the endemic regions. © 202

Learning Moore Machines from Input-Output Traces

The problem of learning automata from example traces (but no equivalence or membership queries) is fundamental in automata learning theory and practice. In this paper we study this problem for finite state machines with inputs and outputs, and in particular for Moore machines. We develop three algorithms for solving this problem: (1) the PTAP algorithm, which transforms a set of input-output traces into an incomplete Moore machine and then completes the machine with self-loops; (2) the PRPNI algorithm, which uses the well-known RPNI algorithm for automata learning to learn a product of automata encoding a Moore machine; and (3) the MooreMI algorithm, which directly learns a Moore machine using PTAP extended with state merging. We prove that MooreMI has the fundamental identification in the limit property. We also compare the algorithms experimentally in terms of the size of the learned machine and several notions of accuracy, introduced in this paper. Finally, we compare with OSTIA, an algorithm that learns a more general class of transducers, and find that OSTIA generally does not learn a Moore machine, even when fed with a characteristic sample

Correlation between emotional-affective disorders and gut microbiota composition in patients with Parkinson's disease

Background: Despite the efforts of scientific community the data available on the correlation between emotional-affective symptoms of Parkinson's disease and changes in microbiome is still scarce. Deeper studies of nonmotor symptoms evident in premotor stages of the disease and the reciprocal influence of microbiota may help to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of PD neurodegeneration better. The aim of the study was to discover the relations between emotional-affective disorders prevalent in PD population and changes in gut microbiota composition. Methods:51 patient diagnosed with PD participated in the study. Every participant's emotional-affective state was examined using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Taxonomic richness of microbiome was studied using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, bioinformatics, and statistical analysis. Results: Anxiety and depression are prevalent affective disorders in patients with PD. In our study, most of the subjects demonstrated certain anxiety and depression. Taxonomic diversity of gut microbiota in BP was increasing with the increase in anxiety levels, reaching the maximum in the group with subclinical anxiety, and decreasing in the group with clinically significant anxiety disorder. At the species level, patients with clinically significant anxiety had higher abundance of Clostridium clariflavum compared to the anxiety-free patients. Patients with moderate depression were characterized by the higher prevalence of Christensenella minuta, Clostridium disporicum, and Oscillibacter valericigenes compared to subjects without depression or with mild depression. Conclusion: The data we received in our study allow better understanding of PD pathogenesis

Нейрофиброматоз: анализ клинических случаев и новые диагностические критерии

Neurofibromatoses are a group of genetic disorders with predisposing for central and peripheral nervous system tumor development. The group includes three entities: neurofibromatosis type I, neurofibromatosis type II and schwannomatosis, which are characterized by gradual phenotype development and have a partially overlapping spectrum of manifestations, which complicates diagnosis establishing, especially at the stage of clinical onset. At the same time, the emergence of new pathogenetic therapy and the high risk of transmission to descendants actualize the necessity of early diagnosis. DNA tests allow us to reliably confirm the presumed diagnosis. This article presents a review of neurofibromatoses, their clinical features and courses, modern diagnostic criteria and indications for DNA tests.Нейрофиброматозы – группа наследственных заболеваний, которые характеризуются развитием опухолей центральной и периферической нервной системы. Включают 3 нозологии: нейрофиброматоз I типа, нейрофиброматоз II типа и шванноматоз. Эти заболевания отличаются динамическим развитием и имеют схожие клинические проявления, что осложняет постановку клинического диагноза, особенно на этапе клинического дебюта. В то же время появление новых методов патогенетической терапии и высокий риск передачи заболевания потомству обусловливают необходимость ранней диагностики. Одним из методов подтверждения предполагаемого диагноза является молекулярно-генетическое тестирование. В данной статье приведен анализ данных литературы, посвященных особенностям клинического течения нейрофиброматозов, актуальные диагностические критерии, а также показания к проведению молекулярно-генетической диагностики

Astaxantin and Isoflavones Inhibit Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Normalizing Ca/Mg Balance

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common pathology among aging men. Despite the broad pharmacological interventions, the available remedies to treat BPH are yet not devoid of side effects. Herbal compounds are suggested to be an alternative option for the BPH treatment. In our study, we evaluated the effect of kudzu isoflavones and astaxanthin on the BPH animal model. The animals were randomly divided into five groups: control; testosterone-induced BPH group; and three BPH-induced groups, which received intragastrically for 28 days finasteride (5 mg/kg) as a positive control, isoflavones (200 mg/kg), and astaxanthin (25 mg/kg). BPH was induced by castration of animals and subsequent subcutaneous injections of prolonged testosterone (25 mg/kg). Prostate index and histology, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. A significant decrease in prostate weight, immunohistochemical markers, and normalization of prostate Ca/Mg ratio was found in all treatment groups. Astaxanthin treatment also resulted in decreased epithelial proliferation and normalized superoxide dismutase activity. In conclusion, both isoflavones and astaxanthin inhibited BPH development at a level comparable to finasteride in terms of prostate weight, prostatic epithelium proliferation, and prostate tissue cumulative histology score. These results suggest that isoflavones and especially astaxanthin could serve as a potential alternative therapy to treat BHP. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: This research was funded by Russian Science Foundation, grant number 20-65-47025

Изменение функционального профиля моноцитов крови при раке молочной железы

The purpose of the study was to identify functional features of circulation monocytes in patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer.Material and Methods. The study cohort consisted of 10 breast cancer patients treated at Tomsk Cancer Research Institute. 7 healthy female volunteers were enrolled as a control group. CD14+16-, CD14+16+ and CD14-16+ monocytes subsets were obtained from blood by sorting. Whole transcriptome profling was provided in monocytes from patients and healthy females. Macrophages were differentiated from the obtained monocytes under in vitro conditions. The ability of conditioned media obtained from macrophages to infuence apoptosis and proliferation of MDA-MB 231 cell line was evaluated.Results. Transcriptomic profling revealed signifcant changes in monocytes of breast cancer patients. CD14+16- subset showed higher expression of transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1; chemokines CCR1, CRRL2, CXCR4; maturation and differentiation factors Mafb and Jun; endocytosis mediating factors CD163 and Siglec1; proteases and tetrasponins ADAM9, CD151, CD82, and growth factor HBEGF in patient group. Macrophages derived from monocytes of breast cancer patients produced factors that supported proliferation of the MDA-MB 231 cell line, which was not observed for monocytes from healthy volunteers.Conclusion. Thus, breast carcinoma has a systemic effect on peripheral blood monocytes, programming them to differentiate into macrophages with tumor supporting capacity. Цель исследования ‒ оценить особенности функционального профиля моноцитов периферической крови у больных неметастатической формой рака молочной железы.Материал и методы. В исследование вошли 10 больных раком молочной железы II–III стадии (T1–3N0–2M0). В качестве контроля была обследована группа из 7 здоровых женщин. Моноциты были получены из периферической крови путем сортировки популяций с фенотипом CD14+16-, CD14+16+ и CD14-16+. Проведено полнотранскриптомное профилирование полученных моноцитов от больных раком молочной железы и здоровых женщин. Из полученных моноцитов in vitro были дифференцированы макрофаги. Проведена оценка способности полученных от макрофагов кондиционных сред влиять на апоптоз и пролиферацию клеток линии MDA-MB 231.Результаты. Показано, что транскриптомный профиль моноцитов больных РЖЖ имеет выраженные отличия по сравнению со здоровыми женщинами. Моноциты пациенток с раком молочной железы отличаются повышенной экспрессией мРНК белков-транспортеров ABCA1, ABCG1; хемокинов CCR1, CRRL2, CXCR4; факторов созревания и дифференцировки моноцитов Mafb и Jun; факторов, опосредующих эндоцитоз CD163, Siglec1; протеаз и тетраспонинов ADAM9, CD151, CD82 и ростового фактора HBEGF. Макрофаги, полученные в результате культивирования моноцитов больных раком молочной железы в условиях in vitro, продуцировали факторы, которые позволили поддерживать пролиферацию клеточной линии опухолевых клеток, чего не наблюдалось для моноцитов здоровых доноров.Заключение. Опухоль молочной железы оказывает системное влияние на моноциты периферической крови, программируя их к дифференцировке в макрофаги с проопухолевой функциональной активностью.