1,714 research outputs found
Cosmological model with non-minimally coupled fermionic field
A model for the Universe is proposed whose constituents are: (a) a dark
energy field modeled by a fermionic field non-minimally coupled with the
gravitational field, (b) a matter field which consists of pressureless baryonic
and dark matter fields and (c) a field which represents the radiation and the
neutrinos. The coupled system of Dirac's equations and Einstein field equations
is solved numerically by considering a spatially flat homogeneous and isotropic
Universe. It is shown that the proposed model can reproduce the expected
red-shift behaviors of the deceleration parameter, of the density parameters of
each constituent and of the luminosity distance. Furthermore, for small values
of the red-shift the constant which couples the fermionic and gravitational
fields has a remarkable influence on the density and deceleration parameters.Comment: Accepted for publication in Europhysics Letter
The Peculiar Rotation Curve of NGC 157
We present the results of a new HI, optical, and H-alpha interferometric
study of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 157. Our combined C- and D-array
observations with the VLA show a large-scale, ring-like structure in the
neutral hydrogen underlying the optical disk, together with an extended, low
surface density component going out to nearly twice the Holmberg radius.
Beginning just inside the edge of the star-forming disk, the line of nodes in
the gas disk commences a 60 degree warp, while at the same time, the rotation
velocity drops by almost half its peak value of 200 km/s, before leveling off
again in the outer parts. While a flat rotation curve in NGC 157 cannot be
ruled out, supportive evidence for an abrupt decline comes from the ionised gas
kinematics, the optical surface photometry, and the global HI profile. A
standard `maximum-disk' mass model predicts comparable amounts of dark and
luminous matter within NGC 157. Alternatively, a model employing a disk
truncated at 2 disk scale lengths could equally well account for the unusual
form of the rotation curve in NGC 157.Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures, LaTeX, uses mn-1.4.sty. Accepted for
publication in MNRA
Spectropolarimetry of the Type IIb Supernova 2001ig
We present spectropolarimetric observations of the Type IIb SN 2001ig in NGC
7424; conducted with the ESO VLT FORS1 on 2001 Dec 16, 2002 Jan 3 and 2002 Aug
16 or 13, 31 and 256 days post-explosion. These observations are at three
different stages of the SN evolution: (1) The hydrogen-rich photospheric phase,
(2) the Type II to Type Ib transitional phase and (3) the nebular phase. At
each of these stages, the observations show remarkably different polarization
properties as a function of wavelength. We show that the degree of interstellar
polarization is 0.17%. The low intrinsic polarization (~0.2%) at the first
epoch is consistent with an almost spherical (<10% deviation from spherical
symmetry) hydrogen dominated ejecta. Similar to SN 1987A and to Type IIP SNe, a
sharp increase in the degree of the polarization (~1%) is observed when the
outer hydrogen layer becomes optically thin by day 31; only at this epoch is
the polarization well described by a ``dominant axis.'' The polarization angle
of the data shows a rotation through ~40 degrees between the first and second
epochs, indicating that the asymmetries of the first epoch were not directly
coupled with those observed at the second epoch. For the most polarized lines,
we observe wavelength-dependent loop structures in addition to the dominant
axis on the Q-U plane. We show that the polarization properties of Type IIb SNe
are roughly similar to one another, but with significant differences arising
due to line blending effects especially with the high velocities observed for
SN 2001ig. This suggests that the geometry of SN 2001ig is related to SN 1993J
and that these events may have arisen from a similar binary progenitor system.Comment: 42 pages, 12 figures (figs. 11 and 12 are both composed of four
subpanels, figs. 6,7,8,11 and 12 are in color, fig. 1 is low res and a high
res version is available at http://www.as.utexas.edu/~jrm/), ApJ Accepte
Generalized Grassmannian Coherent States For Pseudo-Hermitian Level Systems
The purpose of this paper is to generalize fermionic coherent states for
two-level systems described by pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian \cite{Trifonov}, to
n-level systems. Central to this task is the expression of the coherent states
in terms of generalized Grassmann variables. These kind of Grassmann coherent
states satisfy bi-overcompleteness condition instead of over-completeness one,
as it is reasonably expected because of the biorthonormality of the system.
Choosing an appropriate Grassmann weight function resolution of identity is
examined. Moreover Grassmannian coherent and squeezed states of deformed group
for three level pseudo-Hermitian system are presented.Comment: 17 page
Recommended from our members
Precision nomenclature for the new genomics
The confluence of two scientific disciplines may lead to nomenclature conflicts that require new terms while respecting historical definitions. This is the situation with the current state of cytology and genomics, which offer examples of distinct nomenclature and vocabularies that require reconciliation. In this article, we propose the new terms C-scaffold (for chromosome-scale assemblies of sequenced DNA fragments, commonly named scaffolds) and scaffotype (the resulting collection of C-scaffolds that represent an organism\u27s genome). This nomenclature avoids conflict with the historical definitions of the terms chromosome (a microscopic body made of DNA and protein) and karyotype (the collection of images of all chromosomes of an organism or species). As large-scale sequencing projects progress, adoption of this nomenclature will assist end users to properly classify genome assemblies, thus facilitating genomic analysis
An Early and Comprehensive Millimetre and Centimetre Wave and X-ray Study of SN 2011dh: a Non-Equipartition Blast Wave Expanding into a Massive Stellar Wind
Only a handful of supernovae (SNe) have been studied in multiwavelengths from the radio to X-rays, starting a few days after the explosion. The early detection and classification of the nearby Type IIb SN 2011dh/PTF 11eon in M51 provides a unique opportunity to conduct such observations. We present detailed data obtained at one of the youngest phase ever of a core-collapse SN (days 3–12 after the explosion) in the radio, millimetre and X-rays; when combined with optical data, this allows us to explore the early evolution of the SN blast wave and its surroundings. Our analysis shows that the expanding SN shock wave does not exhibit equipartition (ϵe/ϵB ∼ 1000), and is expanding into circumstellar material that is consistent with a density profile falling like R−2. Within modelling uncertainties we find an average velocity of the fast parts of the ejecta of 15 000 ± 1800 km s−1, contrary to previous analysis. This velocity places SN 2011dh in an intermediate blast wave regime between the previously defined compact and extended SN Type IIb subtypes. Our results highlight the importance of early (∼1 d) high-frequency observations of future events. Moreover, we show the importance of combined radio/X-ray observations for determining the microphysics ratio ϵe/ϵB
A Chromosome-Length Reference Genome for the Endangered Pacific Pocket Mouse Reveals Recent Inbreeding in a Historically Large Population
High-quality reference genomes are fundamental tools for understanding population history, and can provide estimates of genetic and demographic parameters relevant to the conservation of biodiversity. The federally endangered Pacific pocket mouse (PPM), which persists in three small, isolated populations in southern California, is a promising model for studying how demographic history shapes genetic diversity, and how diversity in turn may influence extinction risk. To facilitate these studies in PPM, we combined PacBio HiFi long reads with Omni-C and Hi-C data to generate a de novo genome assembly, and annotated the genome using RNAseq. The assembly comprised 28 chromosome-length scaffolds (N50 = 72.6 MB) and the complete mitochondrial genome, and included a long heterochromatic region on chromosome 18 not represented in the previously available short-read assembly. Heterozygosity was highly variable across the genome of the reference individual, with 18% of windows falling in runs of homozygosity (ROH) >1 MB, and nearly 9% in tracts spanning >5 MB. Yet outside of ROH, heterozygosity was relatively high (0.0027), and historical Ne estimates were large. These patterns of genetic variation suggest recent inbreeding in a formerly large population. Currently the most contiguous assembly for a heteromyid rodent, this reference genome provides insight into the past and recent demographic history of the population, and will be a critical tool for management and future studies of outbreeding depression, inbreeding depression, and genetic load
The Free Energy of High Temperature QED to Order From Effective Field Theory
Massless quantum electrodynamics is studied at high temperature and zero
chemical potential. We compute the Debye screening mass to order and
the free energy to order } by an effective field theory approach,
recently developed by Braaten and Nieto. Our results are in agreement with
calculations done in resummed perturbation theory. This method makes it
possible to separate contributions to the free energy from different momentum
scales (order and ) and provides an economical alternative to
computations in the full theory which involves the dressing of internal
propagators.Comment: 10 pages Latex, 6 figure
Light-Front-Quantized QCD in Covariant Gauge
The light-front (LF) canonical quantization of quantum chromodynamics in
covariant gauge is discussed. The Dirac procedure is used to eliminate the
constraints in the gauge-fixed front form theory quantum action and to
construct the LF Hamiltonian formulation. The physical degrees of freedom
emerge naturally. The propagator of the dynamical part of the free
fermionic propagator in the LF quantized field theory is shown to be causal and
not to contain instantaneous terms. Since the relevant propagators in the
covariant gauge formulation are causal, rotational invariance---including the
Coulomb potential in the static limit---can be recovered, avoiding the
difficulties encountered in light-cone gauge. The Wick rotation may also be
performed allowing the conversion of momentum space integrals into Euclidean
space forms. Some explicit computations are done in quantum electrodynamics to
illustrate the equivalence of front form theory with the conventional covariant
formulation. LF quantization thus provides a consistent formulation of gauge
theory, despite the fact that the hyperplanes used to impose
boundary conditions constitute characteristic surfaces of a hyperbolic partial
differential equation.Comment: LaTex, 16 page
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