Attitude of Polotsk state university students to the transition to distance learning during the pandemic covid-19

The opinion of students of Polotsk State University regarding the organization of the educational process during the COVID-19 pandemic is considered. The negative and positive aspects of this form of education are noted. Special attention is paid to the discipline "Physical Culture", as in the conditions of home self-isolation and forced restriction of physical activity, the need for physical activity increases significantly

Attitude of Polotsk state university students to the transition to distance learning during the pandemic covid-19

The opinion of students of Polotsk State University regarding the organization of the educational process during the COVID-19 pandemic is considered. The negative and positive aspects of this form of education are noted. Special attention is paid to the discipline "Physical Culture", as in the conditions of home self-isolation and forced restriction of physical activity, the need for physical activity increases significantly

ORGAN-SPARING TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE ANAL CANAL

Objective: to improve the results of treatment in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal, by creating a new combination treatment option, and to increase the rate of organ-sparing treatment.Subjects and methods. A new combination treatment option for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal was created, which involved a combination of radiotherapy and a multiple radio modification program (ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) hyperthermia and local metronidazole (MZ) injection and systemic polychemotherapy) (RF patent No. 2427399 “A treatment option for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal” registered on 27 August 2011). To evaluate the created treatment option, the latter was analyzed in 157 patients with Т1–4N0–3M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal, who had been treated in 1990 to 2012. In 22 patients, radiotherapy was performed in combination with 3–5 sessions of local UHF hyperthermia (thermoradiotherapy (TRT)); 88 patients received the latter in combination with polychemotherapy (thermoradiochemotherapy (TRCT)); in addition to TRCT, 47 patients used MZ (TRCT + MZ).Results. In the TRT, TRCT, and TRCT + MZ groups, organ-sparing treatment was performed in 11 (50 %), 71 (80.7 %), and 44 (93.6 %) patients, respectively. In these groups, the median follow-up was 18.6; 51.7, and 15.5 months, respectively. In the 3 groups, the three-year overall survival rates were 71.4; 90.0, and 96.3 % and the three-year relapse free survival rates were 46.7; 60.6, and 75.0 %, respectively.Conclusion. The created combination thermochemoradiotherapy involving a polymer combination with MZ (TRCT + MZ) makes it possible to achieve organ-sparing treatment in 93.6 % of the patients and to slightly improve 3-year overall and relapse-free survival rates in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal who have received organ-sparing treatment although there is only a tendency for statistical survival difference in this patient group

Профиль токсических проявлений программы полирадиомодификации в схемах комбинированного лечения рака прямой кишки

Objective: to analyze the spectrum of toxic reactions associated with various polyradiomodification regimens used in the combination therapy for rectal cancer.Materials and methods. We have conducted a retrospective analysis of the data from a prospectively collected database. We included patients with stages сT2–3N0M0 and сT2–3N1–2M0 resectable rectal cancer. Polyradiomodification regimens included a course of radiotherapy (5 × 5 Gy) with the following radiomodifiers: rectal administration of a biopolymer composition containing metronidazole (MZ)  at a dose of 10 g/m2 (twice), intracavitary local microwave hyperthermia (three times on days 3–5) and oral capecitabine (Cap).Results. The study included 241 participants. Toxic reactions were observed in less than 33.2 % of patients receiving polyradiomodification as a part of combination therapy. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal toxicity and neurotoxicity, diagnosed in 28.6 % and 17.4 % of cases respectively. The frequency of toxic reactions was significantly higher in patients receiving Cap14 + MZ regimen than in those receiving Cap5 + MZ regimen (p = 0.0038). However, the inclusion of microwave hyperthermia in both Cap5 and Cap14 therapeutic regimens had no impact on the frequency of toxic reactions (44.2 and 31.5 % respectively, p = 0.146). The proportion of patients with grade III gastrointestinal toxicity did not significantly vary across the groups (p = 0.16).Conclusion. The course of polyradiomodification included into the combination therapy for rectal cancer has an acceptable toxicity profile and can be used to improve long-term outcomes of combination treatment for rectal cancer.Цель исследования – изучить профиль токсических проявлений программы полирадиомодификации в схемах комбинированного лечения больных раком прямой кишки.Материалы и методы. Исследование основано на ретроспективном анализе проспективно собранной базы данных. Включались пациенты с резектабельным раком прямой кишки и стадиями заболевания сT2–3N0M0 и сT2–3N1–2M0. Программа полирадиомодификации состояла из курса лучевой терапии 5 × 5 Гр с использованием следующих радиомодификаторов: 2-кратное внутриректальное введение биополимерной композиции с метронидазолом (МЗ) (10 г/м2), 3-кратная внутриполостная локальная сверхвысокочастотная гипертермия (дни 3–5) и пероральный прием капецитабина (Кап).Результаты. В исследование включен 241 пациент. Установлено, что в процессе проведения комбинированного лечения в сочетании с программой полирадиомодификации токсические проявления диагностированы не более чем у 33,2 % пациентов. Наиболее часто отмечались гастроинтестинальная токсичность (28,6 %) и нейротоксичность (17,4 %); при использовании Кап14 + МЗ в схеме полирадиомодификации токсические проявления диагностировались достоверно (p = 0,0038) чаще, чем при использовании схемы Кап5 + МЗ. В то же время добавление к схемам лечения Кап14 и Кап5 локальной сверхвысокочастотной гипертермии не приводило к достоверному увеличению (p = 0,146) частоты токсических проявлений (44,2 и 31,5 % соответственно). Показатели гастроинтестинальной токсичности III степени во всех группах больных достоверно не различались (p = 0,16).Выводы. Программа полирадиомодификации, включенная в схему комбинированного лечения больных раком прямой кишки, обладает приемлемым профилем токсичности и может быть применена для улучшения отдаленных результатов комбинированного метода лечения больных раком прямой кишки

Magnetic Field Generation in Stars

Enormous progress has been made on observing stellar magnetism in stars from the main sequence through to compact objects. Recent data have thrown into sharper relief the vexed question of the origin of stellar magnetic fields, which remains one of the main unanswered questions in astrophysics. In this chapter we review recent work in this area of research. In particular, we look at the fossil field hypothesis which links magnetism in compact stars to magnetism in main sequence and pre-main sequence stars and we consider why its feasibility has now been questioned particularly in the context of highly magnetic white dwarfs. We also review the fossil versus dynamo debate in the context of neutron stars and the roles played by key physical processes such as buoyancy, helicity, and superfluid turbulence,in the generation and stability of neutron star fields. Independent information on the internal magnetic field of neutron stars will come from future gravitational wave detections. Thus we maybe at the dawn of a new era of exciting discoveries in compact star magnetism driven by the opening of a new, non-electromagnetic observational window. We also review recent advances in the theory and computation of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence as it applies to stellar magnetism and dynamo theory. These advances offer insight into the action of stellar dynamos as well as processes whichcontrol the diffusive magnetic flux transport in stars.Comment: 41 pages, 7 figures. Invited review chapter on on magnetic field generation in stars to appear in Space Science Reviews, Springe