11,702 research outputs found
Partial-wave contributions to pairing in nuclei
We present a detailed study of partial-wave contributions of nuclear forces
to pairing in nuclei. For T=1, J=0 pairing, partial waves beyond the standard
1S0 channel play an interesting role for the pair formation in nuclei. The
additional contributions are dominated by the repulsive 3P1 partial wave. Their
effects, and generally spin-triplet nuclear forces between paired nucleons, are
influenced by the interplay of spin-orbit partners. We explore the impact of
including partial waves beyond the 1S0 channel on neutron-neutron pairing gaps
in semi-magic isotopic chains. In addition, we show that nuclear forces favor
T=1, J=0 over T=0, J=1 pairing, except in low-j orbitals. This is in contrast
to the free-space motivation that suggests the formation of deuteron-like T=0
pairs in N=Z nuclei. The suppression of T=0 pairing is because the 3S1 strength
is distributed on spin-orbit partners and because of the effects of the
repulsive 1P1 channel and of D waves.Comment: 10 pages, 16 figure
Co-Emergence of Specialized Endothelial Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells.
A well-formed and robust vasculature is critical to the health of most organ systems in the body. However, the endothelial cells (ECs) forming the vasculature can exhibit a number of distinct functional subphenotypes like arterial or venous ECs, as well as angiogenic tip and stalk ECs. In this study, we investigate the in vitro differentiation of EC subphenotypes from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Using our staged induction methods and chemically defined mediums, highly angiogenic EC subpopulations, as well as less proliferative and less migratory EC subpopulations, are derived. Furthermore, the EC subphenotypes exhibit distinct surface markers, gene expression profiles, and positional affinities during sprouting. While both subpopulations contained greater than 80% VE-cad+/CD31+ cells, the tip/stalk-like EC contained predominantly Flt4+/Dll4+/CXCR4+/Flt-1- cells, while the phalanx-like EC was composed of higher numbers of Flt-1+ cells. These studies suggest that the tip-specific EC can be derived in vitro from stem cells as a distinct and relatively stable EC subphenotype without the benefit of its morphological positioning in the sprouting vessel
Strain-Compensated InGaAsP Superlattices for Defect Reduction of InP Grown on Exact-Oriented (001) Patterned Si Substrates by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition.
We report on the use of InGaAsP strain-compensated superlattices (SC-SLs) as a technique to reduce the defect density of Indium Phosphide (InP) grown on silicon (InP-on-Si) by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Initially, a 2 μm thick gallium arsenide (GaAs) layer was grown with very high uniformity on exact oriented (001) 300 mm Si wafers; which had been patterned in 90 nm V-grooved trenches separated by silicon dioxide (SiO₂) stripes and oriented along the [110] direction. Undercut at the Si/SiO₂ interface was used to reduce the propagation of defects into the III-V layers. Following wafer dicing; 2.6 μm of indium phosphide (InP) was grown on such GaAs-on-Si templates. InGaAsP SC-SLs and thermal annealing were used to achieve a high-quality and smooth InP pseudo-substrate with a reduced defect density. Both the GaAs-on-Si and the subsequently grown InP layers were characterized using a variety of techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD); atomic force microscopy (AFM); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); and electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI); which indicate high-quality of the epitaxial films. The threading dislocation density and RMS surface roughness of the final InP layer were 5 × 10⁸/cm² and 1.2 nm; respectively and 7.8 × 10⁷/cm² and 10.8 nm for the GaAs-on-Si layer
Accuracy of a teleported trapped field state inside a single bimodal cavity
We propose a simplified scheme to teleport a superposition of coherent states
from one mode to another of the same bimodal lossy cavity. Based on current
experimental capabilities, we present a calculation of the fidelity that can be
achieved, demonstrating accurate teleportation if the mean photon number of
each mode is at most 1.5. Our scheme applies as well for teleportation of
coherent states from one mode of a cavity to another mode of a second cavity,
both cavities embedded in a common reservoir.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, in appreciation for publication in Physical
Review
Measured performance of the new University of California gamma ray telescope
The design of the new medium energy balloon-borne gamma ray telescope is discussed. This telescope is sensitive to 1-30 MeV gamma rays. The results of the initial calibration are described. The position and energy resolutions of 32 plastic and NaI(Tl) scintillator bars, each 100 cm long are discussed. The telescope's measured angular and energy resolutions as a function of incident angle are compared with detailed Monte Carlo calculations at 1.37, 2.75 and 6.13 MeV. The expected resolutions are 5 deg FHWM and 8% at 2.75 MeV. The expected area-efficiency is 250 cm
Nanoscale spatially resolved infrared spectra from single microdroplets
Droplet microfluidics has emerged as a powerful platform allowing a large
number of individual reactions to be carried out in spatially distinct
microcompartments. Due to their small size, however, the spectroscopic
characterisation of species encapsulated in such systems remains challenging.
In this paper, we demonstrate the acquisition of infrared spectra from single
microdroplets containing aggregation-prone proteins. To this effect, droplets
are generated in a microfluidic flow-focussing device and subsequently
deposited in a square array onto a ZnSe prism using a micro stamp. After
drying, the solutes present in the droplets are illuminated locally by an
infrared laser through the prism, and their thermal expansion upon absorption
of infrared radiation is measured with an atomic force microscopy tip, granting
nanoscale resolution. Using this approach, we resolve structural differences in
the amide bands of the spectra of monomeric and aggregated lysozyme from single
microdroplets with picolitre volume.Comment: 5 pages, 3 Figure
Analysis of the isolation valve system in water distribution networks using the segment graph
The mechanical reliability of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is a relevant technical and scientific issue. During planned maintenance or unplanned interruptions, the affected area must be isolated by valves shutdown. This operation involves the alteration of the network structure, i.e., the domain of the hydraulic system, and for this reason the isolation valve system plays a central role. Some studies started to consider the presence of the isolation valve system in WDNs reliability analysis.
Accordingly, this work uses the Complex Network Theory to analyse the isolation valve system performance and to assess the importance of the segments generated by valves shutdown. Differently from the classic complex network theory approach, in this work the recently proposed WDN-relevance-based betweenness centrality is applied to the segment graph to introduce information about the relevance of the different elements into the network, considering geometric and hydraulic parameters, such as length, demand, risk of disconnection, etc. The proposed strategy also suggests an improvement in the representation of the segment graph with respect to the presence of parallel edges.
The strategy is presented using a small network, while it is demonstrated and discussed using a real WDN. The results indicate that the WDN-relevance-based betweenness centrality allows to effectively assess the importance of the segments generated by valves shutdowns, also providing indications to improve the isolation valve system design
The regional market for non-timber forest products
The fate of tropical forests is shaped by their perceived value, which in turn depends on awareness of their benefits. Regional markets for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) could both help rural people generate income from forests and raise urban awareness of forest benefits. We assess the urban market for NTFPs in Belém do Pará, the largest metropolitan area in the Brazilian Amazon, through a survey of consumers in 2006 – 2009. We segmented the urban consumer market in order to explore patterns in consumption and knowledge about NTFPs. We find that the market segments that consume the greatest number of NTFPs were characterized by relatively higher income and education as well as more recent migration to Belém. This suggests that demand for non-timber forest products does not fade with improved socioeconomic status. However, environmental education is needed to convert this demand into recognition of the benefits provided by forests, as many consumers are not aware that the products they consume come from the forest. In the two largest consumer segments, most consumers could not spontaneously list any forest product they consume, even though when a list of NTFPs was presented, many (>75%) indicated that they did consume the two most popular forest products: açaí palm fruit (Euterpe oleraceae) and Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa). Consumers in these largest segments have lower incomes, are more likely to have been born in Belém and are less likely to have completed postsecondary education. In addition to not recognizing that they consume forest products, many of these consumers had no direct experience of the forest: less than half of the survey respondents in these segments reported that they had ever visited the forest, despite living in a city located in the midst of the largest tropical forest in the world
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