Chromosome segregation errors generate a diverse spectrum of simple and complex genomic rearrangements

Cancer genomes are frequently characterized by numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. Here we integrated a centromere-specific inactivation approach with selection for a conditionally essential gene, a strategy termed CEN-SELECT, to systematically interrogate the structural landscape of mis-segregated chromosomes. We show that single-chromosome mis-segregation into a micronucleus can directly trigger a broad spectrum of genomic rearrangement types. Cytogenetic profiling revealed that mis-segregated chromosomes exhibit 120-fold-higher susceptibility to developing seven major categories of structural aberrations, including translocations, insertions, deletions, and complex reassembly through chromothripsis coupled to classical non-homologous end joining. Whole-genome sequencing of clonally propagated rearrangements identified random patterns of clustered breakpoints with copy-number alterations resulting in interspersed gene deletions and extrachromosomal DNA amplification events. We conclude that individual chromosome segregation errors during mitotic cell division are sufficient to drive extensive structural variations that recapitulate genomic features commonly associated with human disease

Finding regions of interest on toroidal meshes

Fusion promises to provide clean and safe energy, and a considerable amount of research effort is underway to turn this aspiration intoreality. This work focuses on a building block for analyzing data produced from the simulation of microturbulence in magnetic confinementfusion devices: the task of efficiently extracting regions of interest. Like many other simulations where a large amount of data are produced,the careful study of ``interesting'' parts of the data is critical to gain understanding. In this paper, we present an efficient approach forfinding these regions of interest. Our approach takes full advantage of the underlying mesh structure in magnetic coordinates to produce acompact representation of the mesh points inside the regions and an efficient connected component labeling algorithm for constructingregions from points. This approach scales linearly with the surface area of the regions of interest instead of the volume as shown with bothcomputational complexity analysis and experimental measurements. Furthermore, this new approach is 100s of times faster than a recentlypublished method based on Cartesian coordinates

Erythropoietin Improves the Survival of Fat Tissue after Its Transplantation in Nude Mice

Background: Autologous transplanted fat has a high resorption rate, providing a clinical challenge for the means to reduce it. Erythropoietin (EPO) has non-hematopoietic targets, and we hypothesized that EPO may improve long-term fat graft survival because it has both pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic properties. We aimed to determine the effect of EPO on the survival of human fat tissue after its transplantation in nude mice. Methodology/Principal Findings: Human fat tissue was injected subcutaneously into immunologically-compromised nude mice, and the grafts were then treated with either 20 IU or 100 IU EPO. At the end of the 15-week study period, the extent of angiogenesis, apoptosis, and histology were assessed in the fat grafts. The results were compared to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-treated and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated fat grafts. The weight and volume of the EPOtreated grafts were higher than those of the PBS-treated grafts, whose weights and volumes were not different from those of the VEGF-treated grafts. EPO treatment also increased the expression of angiogenic factors and microvascular density, and reduced inflammation and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in the fat grafts. Conclusions/Significance: Our data suggest that stimulation of angiogenesis by a cluster of angiogenic factors and decreased fat cell apoptosis account for potential mechanisms that underlie the improved long-term survival of fa

Academic Achievement, Self-Concept, Personality and Emotional Intelligence in Primary Education. Analysis by Gender and Cultural Group

A review of the scientific literature shows that many studies have analyzed the relationship between academic achievement and different psychological constructs, such as self-concept, personality, and emotional intelligence. The present work has two main objectives. First, to analyze the academic achievement, as well as the selfconcept, personality and emotional intelligence, according to gender and cultural origin of the participants (European vs. Amazigh). Secondly, to identify what dimensions of selfconcept, personality and emotional intelligence predict academic achievement. For this, a final sample consisting of 407 students enrolled in the last 2 years of Primary Education were utilized for the study. By gender, 192 were boys (47.2%) and 215 girls (52.8%), with an average age of 10.74 years old. By cultural group, 142 were of European origin (34.9%) and 265 of Amazigh origin (65.1%). The academic achievements were evaluated from the grades obtained in three school subjects: Natural Sciences, Spanish Language and Literature, and Mathematics, and the instruments used for data collection of the psychological constructs analyzed were the Self-Concept Test-Form 5, the Short- Form Big Five Questionnaire for Children, and the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version-Short. Based on the objectives set, first, the grades in the subject of Spanish Language and Literature varied depending on the gender of the students. Likewise, differences were found in self-concept, personality, and emotional intelligence according to gender. Also, the physical self-concept varied according to the cultural group. Regarding the second objective, in the predictive analysis for each of the subjects of the curriculum of Primary Education, the academic self-concept showed a greater predictive value. However, so did other dimensions of self-concept, personality and emotional intelligence. The need to carry out a comprehensive education in schools that addresses the promotion of not only academic but also personal and social competences is discussed. Also, that the study of the variables that affect gender differences must be deepened.This research was co-financed by the Research Group Development, Education, Diversity, and Culture: Interdisciplinary Analysis (HUM-742)

An Inverse Method to Obtain Porosity, Fibre Diameterand Density of Fibrous Sound Absorbing Materials

Characterization of sound absorbing materials is essential to predict its acoustic behaviour. The most commonly used models to do so consider the flow resistivity, porosity, and average fibre diameter as parameters to determine the acoustic impedance and sound absorbing coefficient. Besides direct experimental techniques, numerical approaches appear to be an alternative to estimate the material's parameters. In this work an inverse numerical method to obtain some parameters of a fibrous material is presented. Using measurements of the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient and then using the model proposed by Voronina, subsequent application of basic minimization techniques allows one to obtain the porosity, average fibre diameter and density of a sound absorbing material. The numerical results agree fairly well with the experimental data.This work has been supported by the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia-D.G. Investigacion (BIA2007-68098-C02-01 and BIA2007-68098-C02-02) and also from the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation through the Inter-University and Scientific Research Cooperation Program (A/023748/09).Alba Fernández, J.; Rey Tormos, RMD.; Ramis Soriano, J.; Arenas, JP. (2011). An Inverse Method to Obtain Porosity, Fibre Diameterand Density of Fibrous Sound Absorbing Materials. Archives of Acoustics. 36(3):561-574. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10168-011-0040-xS561574363Allard, J., & Champoux, Y. (1992). New empirical equations for sound propagation in rigid frame fibrous materials. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 91(6), 3346-3353. doi:10.1121/1.402824Attenborough, K. (1983). Acoustical characteristics of rigid fibrous absorbents and granular materials. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 73(3), 785-799. doi:10.1121/1.389045Bies, D. A., & Hansen, C. H. (1980). Flow resistance information for acoustical design. Applied Acoustics, 13(5), 357-391. doi:10.1016/0003-682x(80)90002-xChampoux, Y., Stinson, M. R., & Daigle, G. A. (1991). Air‐based system for the measurement of porosity. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 89(2), 910-916. doi:10.1121/1.1894653Crocker, M. J., & Arenas, J. P. (s. f.). Use of Sound-Absorbing Materials. Handbook of Noise and Vibration Control, 696-713. doi:10.1002/9780470209707.ch57Delany, M. E., & Bazley, E. N. (1970). Acoustical properties of fibrous absorbent materials. Applied Acoustics, 3(2), 105-116. doi:10.1016/0003-682x(70)90031-9Dunn, I. P., & Davern, W. A. (1986). Calculation of acoustic impedance of multi-layer absorbers. Applied Acoustics, 19(5), 321-334. doi:10.1016/0003-682x(86)90044-7Fellah, Z. E. A., Berger, S., Lauriks, W., Depollier, C., Aristégui, C., & Chapelon, J.-Y. (2003). Measuring the porosity and the tortuosity of porous materials via reflected waves at oblique incidence. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 113(5), 2424-2433. doi:10.1121/1.1567275Fellah, Z. E. A., Berger, S., Lauriks, W., Depollier, C., & Fellah, M. (2003). Measuring the porosity of porous materials having a rigid frame via reflected waves: A time domain analysis with fractional derivatives. Journal of Applied Physics, 93(1), 296-303. doi:10.1063/1.1524025Fellah, Z. E. A., Berger, S., Lauriks, W., Depollier, C., Trompette, P., & Chapelon, J. Y. (2003). Ultrasonic measurement of the porosity and tortuosity of air-saturated random packings of beads. Journal of Applied Physics, 93(11), 9352-9359. doi:10.1063/1.1572191Fellah, Z. E. A., Mitri, F. G., Fellah, M., Ogam, E., & Depollier, C. (2007). Ultrasonic characterization of porous absorbing materials: Inverse problem. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 302(4-5), 746-759. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2006.12.007Garai, M., & Pompoli, F. (2005). A simple empirical model of polyester fibre materials for acoustical applications. 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Applied Acoustics, 59(1), 77-87. doi:10.1016/s0003-682x(99)00015-8Umnova, O., Attenborough, K., Shin, H.-C., & Cummings, A. (2005). Deduction of tortuosity and porosity from acoustic reflection and transmission measurements on thick samples of rigid-porous materials. Applied Acoustics, 66(6), 607-624. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2004.02.005Voronina, N. (1994). Acoustic properties of fibrous materials. Applied Acoustics, 42(2), 165-174. doi:10.1016/0003-682x(94)90005-1Voronina, N. (1996). Improved empirical model of sound propagation through a fibrous material. Applied Acoustics, 48(2), 121-132. doi:10.1016/0003-682x(95)00055-eVoronina, N. (1998). An empirical model for elastic porous materials. Applied Acoustics, 55(1), 67-83. doi:10.1016/s0003-682x(97)00098-4Voronina, N. (1999). An empirical model for rigid-frame porous materials with low porosity. Applied Acoustics, 58(3), 295-304. doi:10.1016/s0003-682x(98)00076-0Voronina, N. ., & Horoshenkov, K. . (2003). A new empirical model for the acoustic properties of loose granular media. Applied Acoustics, 64(4), 415-432. doi:10.1016/s0003-682x(02)00105-6Wang, X., Eisenbrey, J., Zeitz, M., & Sun, J. Q. (2004). Multi-stage regression analysis of acoustical properties of polyurethane foams. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 273(4-5), 1109-1117. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2003.09.039Wilson, D. K. (1997). Simple, relaxational models for the acoustical properties of porous media. Applied Acoustics, 50(3), 171-188. doi:10.1016/s0003-682x(96)00048-