141 research outputs found
Evaluating student evaluations: Evidence of gender bias against women in higher education based on perceived learning and instructor personality.
Given student evaluations are an integral part of academic employment and progression in higher education, it is crucial to explore various biases amongst students that may influence their ratings. Several studies report a clear gender bias in student evaluation where male instructors receive significantly higher ratings as compared to female instructors. However, there is very limited research about gender biases in underrepresented samples such as South Asia and the Middle East. We examined whether perception of male and female instructors differed in terms of how they facilitate learning and level of engagement, using an experimental design. Six hundred and seventy-one university students were asked to watch a video of an online lecture on psychology, delivered by either a male or female lecturer, after which they were asked to evaluate their experience and instructor personality characteristics. To ensure consistency across content, tone, delivery, environment, and overall appearance, photorealistic 3D avatars were used to deliver the lectures. Only gender as a factor was manipulated. Given the racial representation in the region, a total of four videos were developed representing males (n = 317) and females (n = 354) of White and South Asian race. Overall, male instructors scored significantly higher in variables representing personality characteristics such as enthusiasm and expressiveness compared to female instructors. Participants did not however view male and female instructors to be different in terms of presentation and subject knowledge. Findings related to facilitating learning suggest that male instructors were perceived to have made instructions more interesting, kept participants' attention for longer, and were more interesting compared to female instructors. In terms of engagement, male instructors were perceived to be more expressive, enthusiastic, and entertaining, compared to female instructors. Given the experimental design, these findings can clearly be attributed to gender bias, which is also in line with previous research. With an underrepresented sample, an online platform delivery, and inclusion of multiple races, these findings significantly add value to the current literature regarding gender stereotypes in higher education. The results are even more concerning as they provide strong evidence of gender bias which may contribute to subconscious discrimination against women academics in the region
Agrogenic evolution of automorphic chernozems in the forest-steppe zone (Belgorod oblast)
Agrochronosequences of chernozems with different periods of their use in rainfed farming with application of traditional technologies have been studied in a typical forest-steppe area in Belgorod oblast. Certain stages in the development of these soils during more than two centuries of their agricultural use have been identifie
Comparison of Depolarization and Depolarization in Mathematical Models of the Left Ventricle and the Longitudinal Ventricular Slice
Myocardial slices are widely used for cardiac electrophysiology research but correspondence of electrophysiological properties between the cardiac slices and the whole heart has not been studied in details. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in electrophysiological properties between the left ventricle and the longitudinal ventricular slice passing through the apex using mathematical models. ECG signals and the time of activation and repolarization, repolarization dispersion and dispersion of action potential duration were compared. We have shown that the electrophysiological processes in the ventricle and the longitudinal ventricular slice are quite similar, so we believe that cardiac slices can be used to evaluate global electrophysiological properties of the ventricles. The local differences obtained can be explained by differences in geometry and fiber orientation locally affecting depolarization and repolarization in the myocardium. Β© 2018 Creative Commons Attribution.Russian Foundation for Basic Research,Β RFBR: 16-31-60015,Β 18-31-00401This work was supported by IIF UrB RAS theme #AAAA-A18-118020590031-8, RFE Government Act #211 of March 16, 2013, the Program of the Presidium RAS #27 and RFBR (#16-31-60015, 18-31-00401)
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΡΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ² Π·Π° ΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΡΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ.Electronic multimedia editions may contain some sound, which was written with music symbols. Choice of technological process for making multimedia editions and filesβ format of sound connected with each other when multimedia sound publication engineering is held. Therefore we have a definition problem connected with optimal method for entering sound, which depend on filesβ format, its compatibility with formats of multimedia editions and functions of future edition. In this article the analysis of possible factors which influence on sound quality was held. As a result Isikava diagram was done, which allows to identify possible reasons of sound files parameter mismatch while sound digitizing method engineering. The classification of multimedia sound edition was done. It was held the analysis and systematization of entering methods of sound, which written with music symbols and expert comparison of software to recognizing music symbols in priority parameters and recognition quality of information. The optimal method of entering sound for making music edition was chosen. The optimization is reached by replacement of music skills and instruments by software to recognizing music symbols. Also Systematization of errors, which may emerge while recognizing, optimizes the technological process of sound digitizing.ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Phase distortions of attosecond pulses produced by resonance-enhanced high harmonic generation
Resonant enhancement of high harmonic generation can be obtained in plasmas
containing ions with strong radiative transitions resonant with harmonic
orders. The mechanism for this enhancement is still debated. We perform the
first temporal characterization of the attosecond emission from a tin plasma
under near-resonant conditions for two different resonance detunings. We show
that the resonance considerably changes the relative phase of neighbouring
harmonics. For very small detunings, their phase locking may even be lost,
evidencing strong phase distortions in the emission process and a modified
attosecond structure. These features are well reproduced by our simulations,
allowing their interpretation in terms of the phase of the recombination dipole
moment
DETERMINANTS AND MODERN PECULIARITIES OF LABOR MIGRATION OF RURAL YOUTH
The problems of rural youth and the state of the information base in the field of state youth policy have been considered. A significant problem of the state youth policy is the lack of a system of analysis and social monitoring of the state of the youth environment. A sample survey has shown high labor mobility of the young rural population of the agrarian republic. It has been installed, that the large-scale outflow of rural youth to the city affects negatively on the development of the agricultural cluster of the republicβs economy, especially those in need of young specialists of different profiles. The negative impact on the socio-economic development of the region can have a permanent decline in the number of rural youth, which will subsequently lead to a reduction in the number of rural population
Cell-wall lectins during winter wheat cold hardening
The polypeptide composition and functional activity of cell-wall lectins from roots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Mironovskaya 808) seedlings during cold hardening were studied. Several phases of lectin activity changes were observed, which indicates their involvement in the development of general adaptation syndrome of the cell. After 0.5-h low-temperature treatment, marked alterations occurred in the profile of protein elution: lectins with mol wts of 78 and 42.5 kD disappeared and new ones with mol wts of 72, 69, 37, and 34.5 kD appeared. It was established that 17.5-and 69-kD lectins and most lectins eluted with glucose were arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), which permitted a supposition that these lectins were involved in the interaction between the cell wall and cytoskeleton. After 7-day-long hardening, total protein content reduced and lectins with mol wts of 69 and 37 kD disappeared, which corresponded to reduced lectin activity by the end of hardening. A transient appearance of 37-and 69-kD lectins, which are AGP, might indicate their involvement in the triggering the development of plant-cell defense responses. Β© 2006 Nauka/Interperiodica
Evolution of forest pedogenesis in the south of the forest-steppe of the Central Russian Upland in the Late Holocene
The Late Holocene stage of forest pedogenesis has been studied on the interfluves along river valleys in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland. The development of gray forest soils from the former chernozems as a result of the Late Holocene advance of forest vegetation over steppes is discusse
Transformation of the Bryansk paleosol in microdepressions in the center of the East European forest-steppe during the maximum of valdai glaciation and in the Holocene
Recent and Late Pleistocene soils of the central forest-steppe in the East European Plain have been studied. The main objective of the work is to reveal changes in the properties of the Bryansk paleosol (final phase of MIS 3), one of the most important geosols of the Late Pleistocene. These changes could be induced by cryogenesis during the Valdai glaciation maximum (MIS 2) and by the Holocene pedogenesis (MIS 1) under different conditions of the modern microtopography. We have studied the catena of Holocene soils underlain by the Bryansk paleosol within a small closed depression in the Kazatskaya Steppe of the V.V. Alekhin Central Chernozemic Biospheric Reserve in Kursk oblas
Magnetic field, chemical composition and line profile variability of the peculiar eclipsing binary star AR Aur
AR Aur is the only eclipsing binary known to contain a HgMn star, making it
an ideal case for a detailed study of the HgMn phenomenon. HgMn stars are a
poorly understood class of chemically peculiar stars, which have traditionally
been thought not to possess significant magnetic fields. However, the recent
discovery of line profile variability in some HgMn stars, apparently
attributable to surface abundance patches, has brought this belief into
question. In this paper we investigate the chemical abundances, line profile
variability, and magnetic field of the primary and secondary of the AR Aur
system, using a series of high resolution spectropolarimetric observations. We
find the primary is indeed a HgMn star, and present the most precise abundances
yet determined for this star. We find the secondary is a weak Am star, and is
possibly still on the pre-main sequence. Line profile variability was observed
in a range of lines in the primary, and is attributed to inhomogeneous surface
distributions of some elements. No magnetic field was detected in any
observation of either stars, with an upper limit on the longitudinal magnetic
field in both stars of 100 G. Modeling of the phase-resolve longitudinal field
measurements leads to a 3 sigma upper limit on any dipole surface magnetic
field of about 400 G.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 11 pages, 9 figure
- β¦