Les rapports du canal mandibulaire avec les faces externes du corps de la mandibule et risques qui en découlent de le léser

The investigations of relations and position of the mandibular canal (CM) were carried out on 80 mandibles (33 dentulous, 27 partly edentulous and 20 completely edentulous).The studies of relations of CM to the sides of mandibular body were accomplished by morphometric analysis of CM on consecutive transversal sections of mandibular body (54 preparations). The relation of the CM to be buccal or to the lingual side is expressed as the distance from the surface of the correspondent side of the mandibular body, which is shown in Table 1. According to these data, the position of the canal is at first proximate to the lingual side, and from the first molar tooth (M1) it approaches the buccal surface of the mandibular body.The position of the entire CM was determined by analysis of mandibular preparations (26) after removing the buccal osseous lamina. These investigations revealed that the position of the CM is predominantly buccal. Reconstruction of relations of the CM to the sides of mandibular body, according to the data obtained from transversal sections, and the real position of the CM are presented in Scheme I.The difference in direction lines of relations and of predominant position of the CM is a consequence of morphological characteristics of mandibular body.Le CM a été étudié sur 80 mandibules (dont 33 avec la denture conservée, 27 peu édentées et 20 totalement édentées). L’analyse morphométrique des rapports du CM a été faite sur les coupes frontales de la mandibule (54). La position du CM en entier a été examinée après la trépanation du corps mandibulaire (26 préparations). La reconstruction des rapports du CM d’après les données obtenues sur les coupes fait apparaître que le canal a d’abord une position linguale, ensuite il croise la M1 et se termine dans une position buccale. Dans la plupart des cas, le CM a, dans la majeure partie de son trajet, une position buccale à cause de la configuration caractéristique du corps mandibulaire

Anatomie chirurgicale de la glande sublinguale

Because of its position, the sublingual gland is clinically important especially in the events of injuries and infections in the anterior part of the sublingual region.The morphology and relationships of this gland were studied by dissection methods applied on 80 fresh or formaldehyde fixed preparations of the mouth floor and of the tongue, which were partly (31 preparations) taken out together with the mandible.As for the shape of the gland, three main types were found: 1° the cuneiform type which was the most frequent (71 %), 2° the pyramidal type which was less frequent (16%) and the fusiform type (13%) which comprised the cases of a very elongated gland (up to 65 mm).The space in which the gland lied had four walls. Its internal wall consisted of the mylohyoid muscle and it comprised the hyoglossus muscle as well when the gland was very elongated. The inferior wall consisted of the mylohyoid muscle and sometimes it comprised also a narrow part of the superior surface of the geniohyoglossus muscle. An osseous depression on the internal side of the mandible represented the external wall of the sublingual gland space. The superior wall is clinically the most significant. It consists of the sublingual mucosa and a sublingual fold. This wall represents a main surgical access to the gland. In edentulous mandibles this mucous fold may be at the level of the upper mandibular border which may hinder the use of the lower dental prosthesis.La morphologie et les rapports de la glande sublinguale ont été étudiés par 80 dissections du plancher de la bouche et de la langue.Trois types différents de glandes ont été définis du point de vue forme: le type cunéiforme (71%), le type pyramidal (16%) et le type fusiforme (13%).La loge de la glande sublinguale possède quatre parois: deux (parois inférieure et interne) de nature musculaire, une (paroi externe) de nature osseuse et une (paroi supérieure) de nature muqueuse

Altérations athéroscléreuses de l’artère dentaire inférieure en corrélation avec celles de la bifurcation carotidienne et de l’aorte abdominale

50 corpses from adults aged 20 to 75 have been used in order to study the atherosclerotic lesions occurring in typical regions (bifurcation of the common carotid artery and the abdominal aorta) and their relationship to atherosclerotic changes in the inferior alveolar artery. Histological analysis revealed that atherosclerotic alterations of the inferior alveolar artery may appear sometimes earlier than it would be expected on the ground of age. Intima cell proliferation and thickening of elastic elements in the middle layer of the arterial wall, the first signs of atherosclerosis, were found already at the beginning of the third decade of life when the signs of this process in the typical regions were not yet evident. Atherosclerosis affects essentially the functional capacity of the inferior alveolar artery. The development of atherosclerosis in the wall of this artery favours an hypovascularization of the mandible, which must be of certain importance in every operative procedure in oral surgery, especially in those inducing a severe and long traumatism in bone and soft tissues, such as dental implantations.Cette étude, faite sur 50 cadavres (de 20 à 75 ans) concerne les altérations athéroscléreuses de l’artère dentaire inférieure et leurs rapports avec les altérations athéroscléreuses dans les territoires typiques (bifurcation carotidienne et aorte abdominale). L’examen histologique a fait apparaître que les altérations athéroscléreuses de l’artère dentaire inférieure peuvent être relativement plus évidentes et précoces que l’on ne s’y attendrait compte tenu de l’âge. Une prolifération cellulaire de l’intima et un épaississement de la lame élastique moyenne dans la paroi artérielle, premiers signes de l’athérosclérose, peuvent apparaître dès30 ans, alors que l’on ne trouve pas encore d’altérations de ce type dans les territoires typiques. L’athérosclérose a une influence cruciale sur la capacité fonctionnelle de l’artère dentaire inférieure puisque celle-ci chemine dans le canal osseux, qui empêche sa dilatation. Le développement de l’athérosclérose dans la paroi de cette artère favorise une hypovascularisation de la mandibule, ce qui a une importance certaine lors de toute intervention en chirurgie orale, surtout lorsqu’elle entraîne un traumatisme grave et prolongée de l’os et des parties molles, comme c’est le cas lors de l’insertion d’implants dentaires

Cardiopoietic cell therapy for advanced ischemic heart failure: results at 39 weeks of the prospective, randomized, double blind, sham-controlled CHART-1 clinical trial

Cardiopoietic cells, produced through cardiogenic conditioning of patients' mesenchymal stem cells, have shown preliminary efficacy. The Congestive Heart Failure Cardiopoietic Regenerative Therapy (CHART-1) trial aimed to validate cardiopoiesis-based biotherapy in a larger heart failure cohort

Altérations de l’artère dentaire inférieure en relation avec l’âge

The change of the inferior dental artery connected with age.The inferior dental artery is, in its intraosseus part a blood vessel that undergoes changes during life.Its changes as well as far as the anatomy is concerned as the structure of its wall.Because of the hypertrophy of its elastic blade in advanced age, this vessel becomes sinuous. The thickening of its walls reduces its lulen which makes the artery angiographically «inconstant» and its identification uncertain. Because of the apparition of asymetric atheromateous changes, the diameter of the artery becomes unequal.The structure changes of the inferior dental artery, together with the lass of teeth might be one of the essentiel factors in the progressive atrophy of the alveolar bone but also of the whole body of the mandible

Aphids and parasitolds on willows and poplars in southeastern Europe (Hornoptera : Aphidoidea; Hymenoptera : Braconidae, Aphidiinae)

Aphid and aphid parasitoid associations on willows (Salix spp.) and poplars (Populus spp.) in southeastern Europe are reviewed. In total 13 aphid parasitoid species were reared from aphids on these plants. The specific parasitoid complex of Acyrthosiphon cf. malvae (Mosley) on Salix retusa and the aphids and parasitoids composition on willows and poplars are discussed. The most frequently sampled and the most abundant parasitoid species in poplar aphid-aphid parasitoid associations was Adialytus salicaphis Fitch. Furthermore, Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady was the most abundant species collected on willow-feeding aphids, whereas A. salicaphis, Euaphidius cingulatus (Ruthe) and Binodoxys heraclei (Haliday) were the most frequently sampled parasitoid species on willows. Trophic connections between aphids and parasitoids associated with willow agroecosystems are also discussed. A key for the identification of aphid parasitoids associated with aphids on willows and poplars in southeastern Europe is provided

Seven Recommendations to Make Your Invasive Alien Species Data More Useful

Science-based strategies to tackle biological invasions depend on recent, accurate, well-documented, standardized and openly accessible information on alien species. Currently and historically, biodiversity data are scattered in numerous disconnected data silos that lack interoperability. The situation is no different for alien species data, and this obstructs efficient retrieval, combination, and use of these kinds of information for research and policy-making. Standardization and interoperability are particularly important as many alien species related research and policy activities require pooling data. We describe seven ways that data on alien species can be made more accessible and useful, based on the results of a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) workshop: (1) Create data management plans; (2) Increase interoperability of information sources; (3) Document data through metadata; (4) Format data using existing standards; (5) Adopt controlled vocabularies; (6) Increase data availability; and (7) Ensure long-term data preservation. We identify four properties specific and integral to alien species data (species status, introduction pathway, degree of establishment, and impact mechanism) that are either missing from existing data standards or lack a recommended controlled vocabulary. Improved access to accurate, real-time and historical data will repay the long-term investment in data management infrastructure, by providing more accurate, timely and realistic assessments and analyses. If we improve core biodiversity data standards by developing their relevance to alien species, it will allow the automation of common activities regarding data processing in support of environmental policy. Furthermore, we call for considerable effort to maintain, update, standardize, archive, and aggregate datasets, to ensure proper valorization of alien species data and information before they become obsolete or lost. © Copyright © 2017 Groom, Adriaens, Desmet, Simpson, De Wever, Bazos, Cardoso, Charles, Christopoulou, Gazda, Helmisaari, Hobern, Josefsson, Lucy, Marisavljevic, Oszako, Pergl, Petrovic-Obradovic, Prévot, Ravn, Richards, Roques, Roy, Rozenberg, Scalera, Tricarico, Trichkova, Vercayie, Zenetos and Vanderhoeven