Modelling for Optimal Conjunctive Water Management: Irrigated Crop Production Versus NPS Pollution Prevention

Conjunctive water management{CWM)involves coordinating use of ground and surface water sources. Agricultural (A) and nonagricultural {NA)users compete for available water of adequate quality. A Simulation/Optimization (S/0) conjunctive water management model was developed to aid estimating the effects of water and environmental management decisions on crop yield and water quality. Included subsystems are groundwater, surface water, reservoir, delivery system, drainage, and A and NA water users. The nonlinear model addresses flows described by nonsmooth piecewise-linear functions which have discontinuous derivatives. Embedded constraints describe all significant subsystem flows. For example 1 deep percolation and runoff from surface irrigation are explicitly described as functions of furrow inflow rate. Solution involves quasilinearization and cycling. We apply the model to a study area representative of part of Salt Lake Valley, Utah. We use the E-constraint method to maximize irrigated crop production subject to constraint on leaching to groundwater. Tested scenarios demonstrate model capabilities for transient management

Effect of biofertilizers and neem oil on the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana (Bals.) vuill. and metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) sorok.

The in vitro fungitoxic effect of three biofertilizers, E.M.-4, Multibion Ô and Supermagro used in organic agriculture and the neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana was studied. These products were mixed in a medium where the two fungi were inoculated, and germination, vegetative growth and conidiogenesis were assessed. The biofertilizers Supermagro and E.M.- 4 showed to be less toxic for the two fungi whereas MultibionÔ caused major inhibition on M. anisopliae, with reductions in germination (-37.74%), colony diameter (-30.26%) and conidiogenesis (-42.62%). Neem oil promoted a larger negative effect on B. bassiana, inhibiting germination (-45.27%), colony diameter (-36.62%) and conidiogenesis (-84.93%)

Superfluid turbulence and pulsar glitch statistics

Experimental evidence is reviewed for the existence of superfluid turbulence in a differentially rotating, spherical shell at high Reynolds numbers (\Rey\gsim 10^3), such as the outer core of a neutron star. It is shown that torque variability increases with \Rey, suggesting that glitch activity in radio pulsars may be a function of \Rey as well. The \Rey distribution of the 67 glitching radio pulsars with characteristic ages $\tau_c \leq 10^6$ {\rm yr} is constructed from radio timing data and cooling curves and compared with the \Rey distribution of all 348 known pulsars with $\tau_c \leq 10^6$ {\rm yr}. The two distributions are different, with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov probability $\geq 1 - 3.9 \times 10^{-3}$. The conclusion holds for (modified) Urca and nonstandard cooling, and for Newtonian and superfluid viscosities

Effect of specified edge load on Eucalyptus globulus paper properties

Refining is an important unit operation in the paper production process and consists in the mechanical beating of the pulp fibres in an aqueous medium. The refining conditions affect fibre morphology, pulp suspension characteristics and paper properties. In this study we investigated the effect of refining intensity - given by the specific edge load (SEL) - on the fibre and paper properties. Lower refining intensity led to lower fibre cutting, lower fines generation, and lower ºSR development. Commercial Eucalyptus globulus bleached pulp was refined in a pilot refiner, using different specific edge loads (0.05; 0.1 and 0.2 J/m) and specific energy consumption of 40, 80 and 120 kWh/ton in order to evaluate paper potential. The highest specific edge load tested (0,2 J/m) resulted in a lower average fibre length, as a result of a higher fibre cutting. The papers produced presented higher mechanical resistance, but increasing refinement energy from 80 to 120 kWh/ton did not improve paper properties. On the contrary, with a lowest specific edge load (0,05 J/m), the papers obtained for different specific energy consumption exhibited lower density (i.e., higher open structure, higher air permeability and lower smoothness)

Identificación de especies bacterianas en el sistema radicular de Rhizophora mangle, en el Santuario Nacional Los Manglares de Tumbes, 2011- 2012

En la zona de amortiguamiento y en la zona de reservadel Santuario Nacional los Manglares de Tumbes, durante julio de 2011 a marzo de 2012, se identificaron y caracterizaron especies bacterianas. Se sembró una muestra del raspado del sistema radicular de Rhizophora mangle en medios de cultivo TCBS, TSA, Cetrimide, Mac Conkey y EndoLES, observando las características morfológicas de las unidades formadoras de colonias. Las muestras fueron purificadas y aisladas, luego se seleccionó UFC yextrajo el ADNutilizando la PCR, la migración del ADN (de los productos de amplificación), y posteriormente fue enviado el amplicon para su secuenciamiento mediante el programa MEGA. Se identificaron las especies bacterianas: B. pumilus, B. megaterium, Bacillus sp., B. aryabhattai, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, Exiguobacteriumsp., y Staphylococcus epidermidis, la bacteria no cultivable Firmicutes y otras no cultivables

Approximation of Ruin Probabilities via Erlangized Scale Mixtures

In this paper, we extend an existing scheme for numerically calculating the probability of ruin of a classical Cram\'er--Lundberg reserve process having absolutely continuous but otherwise general claim size distributions. We employ a dense class of distributions that we denominate Erlangized scale mixtures (ESM) and correspond to nonnegative and absolutely continuous distributions which can be written as a Mellin--Stieltjes convolution $\Pi\star G$ of a nonnegative distribution $\Pi$ with an Erlang distribution $G$. A distinctive feature of such a class is that it contains heavy-tailed distributions. We suggest a simple methodology for constructing a sequence of distributions having the form $\Pi\star G$ to approximate the integrated tail distribution of the claim sizes. Then we adapt a recent result which delivers an explicit expression for the probability of ruin in the case that the claim size distribution is modelled as an Erlangized scale mixture. We provide simplified expressions for the approximation of the probability of ruin and construct explicit bounds for the error of approximation. We complement our results with a classical example where the claim sizes are heavy-tailed

Motivaciones en el voluntariado. ONGs en San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México

Tesis para obtener el grado de Licenciada en TurismoLos viajes por voluntariado han existido a lo largo de la historia y pueden realizarse dentro del propio país o fuera del mismo con la finalidad de ayudar a poblaciones en necesidad. Al hacer voluntariado lo primordial es contribuir de alguna forma a una población, a su entorno o a un lugar. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue explorar las motivaciones de los voluntarios que apoyan diferentes proyectos de ONGs en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, y para tal efecto se partió de la perspectiva conceptual del turismo de voluntariado y de metodologías cualitativas

A randomised control trial protocol of MuST for vascular access cannulation in hemodialysis patients (MuST Study): contributions for a safe nursing intervention

Background: The vascular access preservation and the maintenance of a complication-free fistula remains an Achilles’heel of hemodialysis in chronic kidney patients due to its substantial contribution to the morbidity and mortality. Systematic studies in the area of examining cannulation practices, achieving complication-free cannulation, and strategies to improve fistula survival are needed. For this reason, we consider it essential to create and investigate new methodologies for approaching fistula in patients on regular HD. The Multiple Single Cannulation Technique (MuST) is based on the association between the rope-ladder (RL) using the arteriovenous vessel through progressive rotation, and the buttonhole (BH) since there are three specific cannulation sites for each cannulation day during the week. The MuST is simple to implement and seems to be a very promising technique in terms of patient safety. Previous studies already showed an arteriovenous fistula survival similar to RL but significantly higher than BH. Methods: This MuST study is a multicenter, prospective, non-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with the intervention group submitted to MuST and a control group undergoing the rope-ladder, up to 100 subjects for each group. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to one of two cannulation technique (CT), and the follow-up period of this study will be 12 months. Primary outcome is to evaluate the arteriovenous fistula survival rate at 12 months determined by the percentage of fistulas in use from the beginning of the study to the date of the first clinical intervention by angioplasty or vascular surgery, to maintain or restore patency (unassisted patency). Secondary outcome is to evaluate arteriovenous fistula survival rate at 12 month determined by the percentage of fistulas in use from the study start to the date of access abandonment due to dysfunction, patient abandonment, or death, treatment change modality or study end. We will also evaluate the assisted primary patency and include the following secondary outcomes associated with the cannulation technique: Infection, Hematoma, Aneurysm development, and pain. Discussion: The study will investigate whether fistula survival can be improved when using cannulation by MuST compared to the RL. MuST study will provide important information on fistula survival when cannulated by MuST but also information related to its use in fistulas previously cannulated by other CTs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio