The main issues of quality assurance of radiopharmaceuticals

One of the prerequisites for successful application of nuclear medicine technologies is the production and clinical use of radiopharmaceuticals (RPs) of a reliably high quality. The aim of the review is to discuss specific properties of RPs, which stipulate specific approaches to their production (or preparation) and quality control. The decisive requirement for the management of RPs at all stages of their life cycle is the observance of the radiation safety rules and regulations. The paper considers the main approaches to assessing the risks of medical radiation exposure to patients and radiation protection of nuclear medicine staff. The choice of a particular quality parameter and the corresponding analytical procedure should be made taking into account the duration of the test, which, like the production time, should be comparable with the radionuclide half-life. The feasibility of the analytical procedure should also be taken into account, given the high radioactivity of the samples tested. Now that theranostics has caught on, new approaches are being developed all over the world concerning regulatory aspects of transition from preclinical studies of RPs to clinical trials, because, according to experts, this is becoming a key condition for rapid implementation of nuclear medicine achievements. The results and conclusions of the present study can be used in the development and expert review of monographs and other specifications required for RP marketing and use. The results of the analysis suggest that it is necessary to develop specific requirements and guidelines for RP testing and evaluation for their successful promotion on the EAEU market

Design of Pre-Dumping Ring Spin Rotator with a Possibility of Helicity Switching for Polarized Positrons at the ILC

The use of polarized beams enhance the possibility of the precision measurements at the International Linear Collider (ILC). In order to preserve the degree of polarization during beam transport spin rotators are included in the current TDR ILC Lattice. In this report some advantages of using a combined spin rotator/spin flipper are discussed. A few possible lattice designs of spin flipper developed at DESY in 2012 are presented.Comment: Talk presented at the International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS15), Whistler, Canada, 2-6 November 201

The nexus of soil radon and hydrogen dynamics and seismicity of the northern flank of the Kuril-Kamchatka subduction zone

The comparison of kinematics and dynamic parameters of radon and molecular hydrogen concentration in subsoil air on the stations network at the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky geodynamic proving ground with seismicity of the northern flank of the Kuril-Kamchatka subduction zone was fulfilled in the period from July till August 2004. On the basis of correlation analysis of the regional seismicity and variations of radon flux density calculated using the data of gas-discharge counters of STS-6 type and SSNTDs it was shown that the radon mass transfer abnormal variations are conditioned by both regional seismicity in total and the subduction zone of proving ground. The azimuths of «geodeformation waves» coming to the registration points are calculated during clearly expressed anomaly beginnings, which coincide with directions to earthquake epicenters taking place at the same time. The geochemical anomalies recorded are presumptively deformative by nature and can be conditioned by processes of «quasi-viscous» flow of the lithosphere during rearrangement of tectonic stress fields of the subduction zone. The short-term (predicted time Τ <14 days) precursor of the earthquakes swarm was revealed in hydrogen dynamics on August, 4-5 (four earthquakes had M≥5.3 and epicentral distance about 130 km from the Paratunka base station)

Revision of Cerinomyces (Dacrymycetes, Basidiomycota) with notes on morphologically and historically related taxa

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The AuthorsCerinomyces (Dacrymycetes, Basidiomycota) is a genus traditionally defined by corticioid basidiocarps, in contrast to the rest of the class, which is characterized by gelatinous ones. In the traditional circumscription the genus is polyphyletic, and the monotypic family Cerinomycetaceae is paraphyletic. Aiming for a more concise delimitation, we revise Cerinomyces s.l. with a novel phylogeny based on sequences of nrDNA (SSU, ITS, LSU) and protein-coding genes (RPB1, RPB2, TEF1-α). We establish that monophyletic Cerinomyces s.s. is best characterized not by the corticioid morphology, but by a combination of traits: hyphal clamps, predominantly aseptate thin-walled basidiospores, and low content of carotenoid pigments. In our updated definition, Cerinomyces s.s. encompasses five well-supported phylogenetic clades divided into two morphological groups: (i-iii) taxa with arid corticioid basidiocarps, including the generic type C. pallidus; and (iv-v) newly introduced members with gelatinous basidiocarps, like Dacrymyces enatus and D. tortus. The remaining corticioid species of Cerinomyces s.l. are morphologically distinct and belong to the Dacrymycetaceae: our analysis places the carotenoid-rich Cerinomyces canadensis close to Femsjonia, and we transfer the clamps-lacking C. grandinioides group to Dacrymyces. In addition, we address genera related to Cerinomyces s.l. historically and morphologically, such as Ceracea, Dacryonaema and Unilacryma. Overall, we describe twenty-four new species and propose nine new combinations in both Cerinomycetaceae and Dacrymycetaceae.Peer reviewe

Semantic Typology Pandemic Vocabulary: Covid Neologisms in English, French and German

Neologisms that appeared under the influence of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection Covid-19 are considered, based on the material of English, French and German languages. The basis of the study is formed by neologisms collected by continuous sampling from available lexicographic sources and foreign language Internet resources. The relevance of this work is confirmed by the rapid growth of neologisms in all the languages under consideration. The novelty of the study lies in a comparative approach to the analysis of nomination processes and in determining the dominant areas of semantic attraction in these linguistic cultures. The elements that have shown the greatest productivity and stable functioning are singled out. The author’s classification of covid neologisms is proposed. The question is raised about the susceptibility of these languages to new realities, their productivity in the process of responding to changes in various spheres of society. It is concluded that the number of English neologisms prevails over the corresponding units in French and German. It is confirmed that the structure of the lexico-semantic groups identified during the analysis is heterogeneous and in some cases has a lacunar character. It is suggested that the reason for this may be both the specificity of the word formation of languages, and the peculiarities of the mentality inherent in a particular linguocultural community

Экспериментальные исследования алгоритма определения углов крена и тангажа с использованием только оптической информации

Дослідження відноситься до проблеми проведення експериментальних випробувань розробленої вимірювальної системи на базі зображення. Вказана система здатна визначати лінію горизонту на зображенні та обчислювати її відносне положення з точки зору кутів крену і тангажу, які прийняті в якості кутів орієнтації камери. Система складається з двох алгоритмів вимірювання на базі зображення: алгоритму розпізнавання лінії горизонту та алгоритму оцінки значень кутів крену і тангажу. Другий алгоритм засновано на розробленій методиці оцінки значень кутів, використовуючи внутрішні параметри камери. Використовуючи matlab-мову програмування розроблено програмне забезпечення для оцінки кутів орієнтації на основі алгоритму розпізнавання горизонту. Проведено серія експериментів для з'ясування характеристик тестової камери. Крім того, для виявлення властивостей розробленої системи проведено серію тестів у контрольованому середовищі. В якості базового датчика використано тривісний акселерометр, який виконував роль інклінометра. В роботі похибка оцінювання представлена швидше як різниця між вимірами акселерометра і розробленого програмного забезпечення, аніж абсолютна похибка вимірювання. Таким чином, з'ясовано, що різниця між вимірами акселерометра і програмними підрахунками експоненціально зростає зі збільшенням кута крену, тоді як в області малих кутів значення приблизно збігаються. Також відзначається деяка взаємна залежність між двома кутами орієнтації обчисленими за допомогою програмного забезпечення. Результати обробки реальних зображень горизонту показали, що розроблена система виявляє лінію горизонту в більшості випадків правильно за винятком складних ситуацій перекриття горизонту та малого перепаду контрасту навколо області лінії горизонту.The research concerns the problem of carrying out experimental tests of an image-based measurement system that is able to detect horizon line and calculate it relative position on the image in terms of roll and pitch angles, which assumed to be attitude angles of the camera. Such a system includes two image-based measurement algorithms: horizon line recognition and roll and pitch values estimation. The latter one is based on developed technique of angle values estimation using intrinsic parameters of a camera. Also the matlab-based software for roll and pitch estimation based on horizon detection algorithm is developed. The set of experiments to discover the camera lens characteristics is performed. In order discover the performances of developed system the set of tests in controlled environment is carried out. As a reference sensor a 3-axial accelerometer in the form of inclinometer is used. In this work estimation errors appear rather as a difference between accelerometer and developed software measurements than absolute measurement errors. Thus it is found out that the difference between accelerometer and software measurements exponentially increases with increasing roll angle where as in a range of small angles values are approximately coincide. Also it is noticed some cross-correlation between roll and pitch angles in software calculations. Processing results of real horizon images showed that the developed system detects the horizon line in most cases correctly excluding the hard cases of overlapped horizon and low contrast drop around horizon line area.Исследование относится к проблеме проведения экспериментальных испытаний разработанной измерительной системы на базе изображения. Указанная система способна определять линию горизонта на изображении и вычислять ее относительное положение с точки зрения углов крена и тангажа, которые приняты в качестве углов ориентации камеры. Система состоит из двух алгоритмов измерения на базе изображения: алгоритма распознавания линии горизонта и алгоритма оценки значений углов крена и тангажа. Второй алгоритм основан на разработанной методике оценки значений углов с использованием внутренних параметров камеры. Используя язык программирования matlab разработано программное обеспечение для оценки углов ориентации на основе алгоритма распознавания горизонта. Проведена серия экспериментов для определения характеристик тестовой камеры. Кроме того, для выявления свойств разработанной системы проведена серия тестов в контролируемой среде. В качестве базового датчика используется трехосный акселерометр, выполняющий функцию инклинометра. В данной работе погрешность оценивания представлена скорее как разница между измерениями акселерометра и разработанного программного обеспечения, чем абсолютная погрешность измерения. Таким образом, установлено, что разница между измерениями акселерометра и программными вычислениями экспоненциально возрастает с увеличением угла крена, тогда как в области малых углов значения примерно совпадают. Также отмечается некоторая взаимная зависимость между двумя углами ориентации вычисленными с помощью программы. Результаты обработки реальных изображений горизонта показали, что разработанная система определяет линию горизонта в большинстве случаев правильно за исключением сложных случаев перекрытия горизонта и малого перепада контраста вокруг области линии горизонта

Complex oteneurological evaluation of vestibular disoders in mild blast traumatic brain injury

Due to the non-specific character of the symptoms complex and certain difficulties in clinical evaluation, it is important to develop diagnostic criteria for the vestibular symptoms in patients with blast traumatic brain injury due to the explosive effect for maintaining high quality of life and full social adaptation. Objective. To analyze the vestibular symptoms in those injured during a military traumatic injury due to an explosive effect. Materials and methods: the results of clinical and instrumental studies of 39 patients who were examined and treated in the neurotrauma department of the State Institution “Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, with documented mine-explosive head injury obtained in the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine during the period of 2014–2017 were analyzed. Results: Most often and most clearly there is a certain stable clinical symptom complex; the statistically significant criteria of stabilographic indicators of quantitative assessment of the state of the vestibular system in patients with combat TBI caused by explosion were determined; the development and implementation of standardized evaluation and analysis of vestibular violations in combat TBI caused by explosions have an important clinical and expert value in the evaluation of vestibular dysfunction for medical-social and forensic medical examinations, timely adequate rehabilitation and social adaptation of participants of armed conflicts. Conclusions: According to the data of subjective audiometry, among examined patients with combat TBI caused by explosions, sensorineural hearing loss of various degrees of severity, including deafness was diagnosed in 29 (74.4 %) patients. Tonic audiometric curves of patients had mostly descending, or often a broken type. The complex of diagnostic criteria was based on the analysis of stabilographic indicators, specifically, the general center of gravity, the frequency-amplitude spectrum of the stabilogram, the integral index of the quality of the vestibular function for the definition of the vestibular system state of patients with combat TBI caused by explosions, that helps to determine the level of damage for the vestibular analyzer , the level of preservation of function and compensation of central regulatory mechanisms of the static-kinetic system. Violation of the vestibular function in combat TBI caused by explosions is an important military-civilian proble

Expression of DROSHA and DICER genes in peripheral blood leukocytes in lung sarcoidosis

Aim. To study the expression level of the genes DROSHA and DICER in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of patients with sarcoidosis of the lungs Materials and methods. The study included 32 patients diagnosed with persistent lung sarcoidosis (mean age 41.56±1.27 years) and 36 healthy donors (control; mean age 42.79±1.95 years). The level of expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) of the genes DROSHA and DICER were determined in PBL of healthy donors and patients with sarcoidosis of the lung by polymerase chain reaction in real time. Results. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that the level of drosha gene expression in PBL patients with sarcoidosis of lungs is significantly reduced in comparison with the control (

ВВОД ПРОБЫ АРОМАТИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ С КОНЦЕНТРАТОРОВ В ПОЛИКАПИЛЛЯРНУЮ КОЛОНКУ МЕТОДОМ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕСОРБЦИИ

At present, there is an increased interest in geochemical methods of searching for hydrocarbon deposits by detecting on the Earth's surface the scattering halos of hydrocarbons that migrated from those deposits, namely the aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylenes. The concentrations of the migrated hydrocarbons on the surface of the Earth are usually low and could only be detected at the threshold level of the gas analyzers. Therefore, for their registration, the preconcentration is applied, in particular, the passive preconcentration. For this purpose, the concentrators are used, which are laid at shallow depths in the explored area. The survey technology that is being developed by the authors uses the reusable concentrators in the form of hollow stainless-steel tubes with SE-30 siloxane-based sorbent applied on their inner surface. The concentrators placed in the analytical containers are laid in the ground for 1-2 days. The analysis of the samples from the concentrators is carried out on a portable multicapillary gas chromatograph in the field conditions. The current article is devoted to the development of a special device for the sample injection from the passive concentrators and the experimental determination of the optimal mode of thermal desorption sample injection from the concentrators into the multicapillary column. The original injection scheme is given, where the gas-dynamic isolation of the injection device camera and the multicapillary column during the concentrator heating and sample analysis is implemented; the optimum concentrator heating time and the optimum sample injection time are determined.Keywords: passive concentrators, thermal desorption sample injection, gas-dynamic isolation of the injection device and columnDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.3.003(Russian)V.M. Gruznov1,2,3, M.N. Baldin1, A.O. Malysheva1,3 1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptug Avenue, 3, Novosibirsk, 630090,Russian Federation2Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation3Novosibirsk State Technical University, Prospekt K. Marx Avenue, 20, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russian FederationВ настоящее время возрос интерес к геохимическим методам поиска залежей углеводородов по выявлению на поверхности Земли ореолов углеводородов, мигрирующих из залежей, в частности ароматических углеводородов: бензола, толуола, ксилолов. Концентрации мигрирующих углеводородов на поверхности Земли, как правило низкие, и находятся на уровне пороговых значений для газоаналитических приборов. Поэтому для их регистрации применяют концентрирование, в частности пассивное. Для этого используют концентраторы, закладываемые на небольшие глубины на разведываемой площади. В технологии съёмки, разрабатываемой авторами, используются многоразовые концентраторы в виде полых трубок из нержавеющей стали с сорбентом на основе силоксана SE-30, нанесенного на внутреннюю поверхность. Концентраторы в аналитических контейнерах закладываются в грунт на 1-2 суток. Анализ проб с концентраторов осуществляется на портативном поликапиллярном газовом хроматографе в полевых условиях. Статья посвящена специальному устройству ввода пробы с пассивных концентраторов и экспериментальному определению оптимального режима термодесорбционного ввода пробы с концентраторов в поликапиллярную колонку. Приведена оригинальная схема ввода, в которой реализована газодинамическая изоляция камеры устройства ввода и поликапиллярной колонки во время нагрева концентратора и анализа пробы, определено оптимальное время нагревания концентраторов и время ввода пробы.Ключевые слова: пассивные концентраторы, ввод методом термической десорбции, газодинамическая изоляция устройства ввода и колонкиDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2019.23.3.00