A Zero Suppression Micro-Circuit for Binary Readout CMOS Monolithic Sensors

The EUDET-JRA1 beam telescope and the STAR vertex detector upgrade will be equipped with CMOS pixel sensors allowing to provide high density tracking adapted to intense particle beams. The EUDET sensor Mimosa26, is designed and fabricated in a CMOS-0.35μm Opto process. Its architecture is based on a matrix of 1152x576 pixels, 1152 column-level Analogue-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) by discriminators and a zero suppression circuitry. This paper focused on the data sparsification architecture, allowing a data compression factor between from 10 and 1000, depending on the hit density per frame. It can be extended to the final sensor for the STAR upgrade

Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Efek Sitotoksik Ekstrak Kola (Cola Nitida) Pada Kulter Sel Kanker Hati (HepG-2)

Liver cancer is one among cancers with increasing incidence in the world. Cola fruit (Cola nitida) is a fruit that is rich in properties and has been known since the Dutch colonial era. This fruit contains ingredients such as those contained in tea and chocolate such as methylxanthine and its derivatives. This study aims to determine the content of antioxidants and cytotoxic effects of cola fruit extracts obtained from Indonesia and Malaysia on liver cancer cell lines. Antioxidant content of fruit extracts of cola was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate) and cytotoxic effects were studied using MTT (3 - (4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)diphenyltetrazolium bromide -2.5) on human liver cancer cell lines (HepG2). The results showed that cola fruit from Malaysia contained high antioxidant with the IC50 value of 37.2 ?g/mL whereas IC50 of value of its Indonesias cola fruit was 66.0 ug / mL. The similar results have been shown in the cytotoxic test using HepG-2 liver cancer cell lines. Malaysias cola fruit extract has a smaller IC50 value of 6.5 ?g / mL while the fruit extract of Indonesias cola showed IC50 value of 39.5 ?g / mL. These values indicates that the fruit extract of cola is a potential anticancer activities especially on liver cancer. Further studies are required to clarify this hypothesis

Aktivitas antioksidan dan efek sitotoksik ekstrak Kola (Cola nitida) pada kulter sel kanker hati (HepG-2)

Liver cancer is one among cancers with increasing incidence in the world. Cola fruit (Cola nitida) is a fruit that is rich in properties and has been known since the Dutch colonial era. This fruit contains ingredients such as those contained in tea and chocolate such as methylxanthine and its derivatives. This study aims to determine the content of antioxidants and cytotoxic effects of cola fruit extracts obtained from Indonesia and Malaysia on liver cancer cell lines. Antioxidant content of fruit extracts of cola was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate) and cytotoxic effects were studied using MTT (3 - (4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)diphenyltetrazolium bromide -2.5) on human liver cancer cell lines (HepG2). The results showed that cola fruit from Malaysia contained high antioxidant with the IC50 value of 37.2 ?g/mL whereas IC50 of value of its Indonesia’s cola fruit was 66.0 ug / mL. The similar results have been shown in the cytotoxic test using HepG-2 liver cancer cell lines. Malaysia’s cola fruit extract has a smaller IC50 value of 6.5 ?g / mL while the fruit extract of Indonesia’s cola showed IC50 value of 39.5 ?g / mL. These values indicates that the fruit extract of cola is a potential anticancer activities especially on liver cancer. Further studies are required to clarify this hypothesis

A ten thousand frames per second readout MAPS for the EUDET beam telescope

Designed and manufactured in a commercial CMOS 0.35 μm OPTO process for equipping the EUDET beam telescope, MIMOSA26 is the first reticule size pixel sensor with digital output and integrated zero suppression. It features a matrix of pixels with 576 rows and 1152 columns, covering an active area of ~224 mm2. A single point resolution of about 4 μm was obtained with a pixel pitch of 18.4 μm. Its architecture allows a fast readout frequency of ~10 k frames/s. The paper describes the chip design, test and major characterisation outcome

Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Published in European Physical Journal

Infrastructure for Detector Research and Development towards the International Linear Collider

The EUDET-project was launched to create an infrastructure for developing and testing new and advanced detector technologies to be used at a future linear collider. The aim was to make possible experimentation and analysis of data for institutes, which otherwise could not be realized due to lack of resources. The infrastructure comprised an analysis and software network, and instrumentation infrastructures for tracking detectors as well as for calorimetry.Comment: 54 pages, 48 picture

Tolerance of the MIMOSIS-1 CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor to ionizing radiation

International audienceMIMOSIS is a CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (CPS) developed to equip the Micro Vertex Detector (MVD) of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR/GSI. The sensor will combine a spatial resolution of -5 µm with a time resolution of 5 µs and provide a peak hit rate capability of ∼80 MHz/cm$^{2}$. To fulfil its task, MIMOSIS will have to withstand ionising radiation doses of ∼5 MRad and fluences of ∼7 × 10$^{13}$ n$_{eq}$/cm$^{2}$ per year of operation.The paper summarises major requirements of the CBM-MVD and compares them to the detection performances of the first full scale prototype, called MIMOSIS-1, recently evaluated in the laboratory and with particle beams. The tolerance of the sensor to the expected ionising radiation load was evaluated; the paper describes the measurements performed and their outcome