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Bibliography and photographs of a display of government documents from Minnesota State University, Mankato.https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/lib-services-govdoc-display-maps/1000/thumbnail.jp

Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling by a Soluble Collagen-Derived Frizzled Domain Interacting with Wnt3a and the Receptors Frizzled 1 and 8

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway controls cell proliferation, death and differentiation. Several families of extracellular proteins can antagonize Wnt/β-catenin signaling, including the decoy receptors known as secreted frizzled related proteins (SFRPs), which have a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) structurally similar to the extracellular Wnt-binding domain of the frizzled receptors. SFRPs inhibit Wnt signaling by sequestering Wnts through the CRD or by forming inactive complexes with the frizzled receptors. Other endogenous molecules carrying frizzled CRDs inhibit Wnt signaling, such as V3Nter, which is proteolytically derived from the cell surface component collagen XVIII and contains a biologically active frizzled domain (FZC18) inhibiting in vivo cell proliferation and tumor growth in mice. We recently showed that FZC18 expressing cells deliver short-range signals to neighboring cells, decreasing their proliferation in vitro and in vivo through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Here, using low concentrations of soluble FZC18 and Wnt3a, we show that they physically interact in a cell-free system. In addition, soluble FZC18 binds the frizzled 1 and 8 receptors' CRDs, reducing cell sensitivity to Wnt3a. Conversely, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was partially rescued by the expression of full-length frizzled 1 and 8 receptors, but enhanced by the expression of a chimeric cell-membrane-tethered frizzled 8 CRD. Moreover, soluble, partially purified recombinant FZC18_CRD inhibited Wnt3a-induced β-catenin activation. Taken together, the data indicate that collagen XVIII-derived frizzled CRD shifts Wnt sensitivity of normal cells to a lower pitch and controls their growth

Overview of the MOSAiC expedition—Atmosphere

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore cross-cutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system scientific research and provide an important foundation for advancing multiscale modeling capabilities in the Arctic

Role of the \alpha \mbox{--} \varepsilon transition on the damage patterns of iron

This paper is a part of the study we lead on the dynamic damage and fracture of iron below and above \alpha \mbox{--}\varepsilon phase transition. According to the peak pressure level, one can observe some remarkable patterns which have been correlated with the \alpha \mbox{--}\varepsilon allotropic transformation. In order to explain these different features, a multiphase equation of state has been developed and implemented in the 1D version of the hydrocode Hesione. This equation of state (EoS) is based on Birch formalism for each solid phase and on the thermodynamic equilibrium assumption in the phase transitions. It accounts for complex mechanisms that can occur in the material during the shock-release path such as shock splitting, release shock wave... The numerical results we get with such an EoS explain the different damage patterns observed on recovered sample

Impact du niveau socioéconomique dans l'estimation de l'âge dentaire des non-adultes

Le but de cette étude est d'observer l'éventuel impact du niveau socioéconomique sur le stade du développement dentaire macroscopique. L'échantillon est constitué de 456 enfants d'origine européenne, âgés de 3,5 à 16 ans (242 filles et 214 garçons). Nous exploitons une méthode radiographique d'estimation de l'âge dentaire d'individus non-adultes basée sur le théorème de Bayes. Le niveau socioéconomique ainsi que l'origine géographique des quatre grands-parents de l'enfant sont relevés par l'intermédiaire d'un questionnaire élaboré à cet effet. Dans un premier temps, les résultats obtenus avec la méthode Bayésienne dépendante (méthode BD) sont comparés avec ceux obtenus grâce à une méthode d'estimation d'âge dentaire communément employée, associant l'Analyse des Correspondances multiples et la Régression linéaire (méthode CAR). Par la suite, deux approches sont proposées afin de tester d'éventuelles relations entre le niveau socioéconomique et le stade du développement dentaire macroscopique. Elles reposent sur la comparaison des distributions des diachronies observées (différences entre l'âge civil et l'âge dentaire d'un individu) en fonction du niveau socioéconomique de l'enfant. Les résultats obtenus par la méthode BD sont de meilleure qualité que ceux obtenus avec la méthode CAR. Aucun effet du niveau socioéconomique sur le stade du développement dentaire macroscopique n'est ici démontré

Impact du niveau socioéconomique dans l'estimation de l'âge dentaire des non-adultes

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