Опыт использования телемедицинских технологий в системах здравоохранения зарубежных стран и Российской Федерации: систематический обзор

Background. Today, the development and widespread use of digital technologies in medicine is considered as one of the most promising mechanisms for optimizing costs and improving the efficiency of healthcare and the quality of life of the aging society.Objective: to study the experience of using telemedicine technologies for providing medical care in the health systems of different countries, including the Russian Federation.Material and methods. To obtain the necessary information, an overview of the most relevant studies published in Medscape, PubMed/ MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, eLibrary, CyberLeninka databases, World Health Organization repository and open sources from Google and Yandex search, as well as relevant regulatory documents was carried out.Results. The experience of using telemedicine technologies for medical care in healthcare systems of different countries, including Russia, presented in the article, demonstrates both the advantages of these technologies, and the limitations for their use in healthcare.Conclusion. Despite all the undisputed advantages of telemedicine technologies, their development should not become an end in itself. The expediency of their use in each specific case of providing medical care and exclusively as another, additional tool to improve the quality and accessibility of medical care should be considered.Актуальность. На сегодняшний день развитие и широкое внедрение цифровых технологий в медицине рассматривается как один из перспективных механизмов оптимизации затрат, способов повышения эффективности здравоохранения и качества жизни «стареющего общества».Цель: изучить опыт использования телемедицинских технологий для оказания медицинской помощи в системах здравоохранения разных стран, включая Российскую Федерацию.Материал и методы. Для получения необходимой информации проведен обзор наиболее релевантных исследований, опубликованных в электронных базах Medscape, РubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, eLibrary, КиберЛенинка, банке документов Всемирной организации здравоохранения и отобранных путем поиска в системах Yandex и Google, а также регламентирующих данное направление нормативных документов.Результаты. Опыт использования телемедицинских технологий для оказания медицинской помощи в системах здравоохранения разных стран, в т.ч. России, представленный в статье, демонстрирует как преимущества данных технологий, так и ограничения, влияющие на активность их применения в сфере здравоохранения.Заключение. При всей неоспоримой перспективности телемедицинских технологий их развитие не должно становиться самоцелью. К целесообразности их использования в каждом конкретном случае необходимо подходить индивидуально и исключительно как к еще одному, дополнительному инструменту для повышения качества и доступности медицинской помощи

The Incremental Cooperative Design of Preventive Healthcare Networks

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Soheil Davari, 'The incremental cooperative design of preventive healthcare networks', Annals of Operations Research, first published online 27 June 2017. Under embargo. Embargo end date: 27 June 2018. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-017-2569-1.In the Preventive Healthcare Network Design Problem (PHNDP), one seeks to locate facilities in a way that the uptake of services is maximised given certain constraints such as congestion considerations. We introduce the incremental and cooperative version of the problem, IC-PHNDP for short, in which facilities are added incrementally to the network (one at a time), contributing to the service levels. We first develop a general non-linear model of this problem and then present a method to make it linear. As the problem is of a combinatorial nature, an efficient Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS) algorithm is proposed to solve it. In order to gain insight into the problem, the computational studies were performed with randomly generated instances of different settings. Results clearly show that VNS performs well in solving IC-PHNDP with errors not more than 1.54%.Peer reviewe

Türk Toraks Derneği Üyesi Olan Göğüs Hastalıkları Hekimleri Arasında Sigara Bırakma Polikliniği Yapılma Sıklığı ve İlişkili Faktörler

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Cross-Country Analysis of Funding Models of Medical Organizations in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: The COVID-19 coronavirus infection has made significant adjustments to the management of the health care system, both in Russia and abroad. Different models of financing health systems in different ways responded to the management in emergency situations. According to experts, systems with a state-based socially oriented model of health care were more effective. At the same time, opinions were divided on the effectiveness of the insurance model for financing medical organizations that provide different types of medical care to the population. The article analyzes measures to provide medical organizations with financial and material and technical resources in countries with different economic models of the health system, and on the example of outpatient clinics in Moscow, compares changes in the main financial indicators in the first half of 2020 and assesses the financial stability of medical organizations during the period of restrictions on preventing the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus infection. The hypothesisis that financial condition of polyclinics during the period of restrictions has improved. It is based on the assumption that declining number of visits to medical organizations reduces the level of organizations’ expenditures while maintaining the volume of their income at almost the same level due to the principle of per capita state financing of medical organizations that provide outpatient medical care. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the financial stability of adult polyclinics is maintained and the financial stability of children's polyclinics is increased

Can the use of smokeless tobacco products be accepted as a harm reduction method in tobacco addiction?

© 2014 by Turkish Thoracic Society.The goal of smoking cessation treatment is to keep the patient completely away from tobacco and tobacco products. The aim of harm reduction strategies in tobacco control is to reduce the risks associated with tobacco use. In order to turn it into an opportunity, tobacco companies have developed smokeless tobacco products. Some epidemiological studies have reported that smokeless tobacco products are safer than tobacco smoke. However, this method is not completely harmless. In this review, we will discuss all aspects of tobacco harm reduction methods