1,116 research outputs found
The European Union, Russia and the Eastern region: The analytics of government for sustainable cohabitation
This article applies the Foucauldian premise of governmentality and the analytics of government framework to demonstrate how exclusive modalities of power â of the European Union (EU) and Russia â and their competing rationalities relate, intersect and become, counter-intuitively, inextricable in their exercise of governance over the eastern neighbourhood. This particular approach focuses on power as a process to gauge the prospects for compatibility and cohabitation between the EU and Russia. Using original primary evidence, this article contends that cohabitation between these two exclusive power modalities is possible and even inevitable, if they were to legitimise their influence over the contested eastern region. It also exposes a fundamental flaw in the existing power systems, as demonstrated so vividly in the case of Ukraine â that is, a neglect for the essential value of freedom in fostering subjection to oneâs authority, and the role of âthe otherâ in shaping the EUâRussian power relations in the contested regio
From âUnilateralâ to âDialogicalâ: Determinants of EUâAzerbaijan Negotiations
The European Union (EU) and Azerbaijan have negotiated three different agreements for a new legal basis underpinning their relationship since 2010. Whereas the EU tries to adhere to a more unilateral approach, Azerbaijan wants cooperation to take place on a more inclusive, dialogical, basis. The essay will present a model of âbargaining powerâ to analyse how the Azerbaijani government has tried to enforce this, and to what degree it has been successful. It finds that the bargaining power model can explain some of the changing power dynamics in EUâAzerbaijan relations, and that these might speak to the broader Eurasian region too
The sensitivity of seabird populations to density-dependence, environmental stochasticity and anthropogenic mortality
The balance between economic growth and wildlife conservation is a priority for many governments. Enhancing realism in assessment of populationâlevel impacts of anthropogenic mortality can help achieve this balance. Population Viability Analysis (PVA) is commonly applied to investigate population vulnerability, but outcomes of PVA are sensitive to formulations of densityâdependence, environmental stochasticity and life history. Current practice in marine assessments is to use precautionary models that assume no compensation from densityâdependence or rescueâeffects via âreâseedingâ from other colonies. However, if we could empirically quantify regulatory population processes, the responses of populations to additional anthropogenic mortality may be assessed with more realism in PVA.
Using Bayesian stateâspace models fitted to population time series from three sympatric seabird populations, selected for varied life histories, we inferred the extent to which their dynamics are driven by environmental stochasticity and densityâdependence.
Based on these inferences, we conducted an exhaustive PVA across credible parameterizations for intrinsic and extrinsic population regulation, simulated as a closed and reâseeded system. Scenarios of anthropogenic mortality, along a sliding scale of precaution, were applied both proportionally and as a fixed quota using Potential Biological Removal (PBR).
Baseline results from fitting revealed clear environmental regulation in two of our three species. Crucially, we found that for our empirically derived, realistic model parameterizations there are risks of decline to real populations even under very precautionary mortality scenarios. We find that PBR is dubious in application as a sustainable tool for population assessment when we account for regulation. Closed versus reâseeded models showed a large divergence in outcomes, with sharper declines in closed simulations. Fixedâquota mortality typically induced greater population declines comparative to proportional mortality, subject to regulation and reâseeding.
Synthesis and applications. Practitioners using arbitrary formulations of population regulation risk overâprecaution (economic constraint) or underâprecaution (endangering populations). The demands of increased economic development and preservation of wildlife require that methodologies apply techniques that confer reality and rigour to assessment. The current practice of employing models lacking densityâdependence and empirical environmental information imposes limitations in the efficacy of estimating impacts. Here, we provide a method to quantify the conditions that predominantly regulate a population and exacerbate the risk of decline from anthropogenic mortality. It is in the interests of both developers and conservationists to apply methods in population impact assessments that capture realism in the processes driving population dynamics
The Political Economy of Competitiveness and Continuous Adjustment in EU Meta-Governance
What Make the Impact of the Financial Crisis on Innovation Different Across European Countries?
This paper finds that the financial crisis has tremendously impacted innovation in most European countries with Greece and Lithuania being the most affected while Finland and Austria have the least negative effect on their innovation activities. Greece and Lithuaniaâs national innovation systems share many common characteristics which are in sharp contrast to those shared by Finland and Austria, including most notably culture, quality of the higher education system, science and technological capability, and structure of the economy. Those identified distinctions along the main dimensions of the national innovation systems between the most and least affected countries could to a large extent explain why the effect of the financial crisis is heterogeneous across European countries
Cultivating the Installed Base: The Introduction of e-Prescription in Greece
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Economic crisis and youth unemployment: Comparing Greece and Ireland
Both Greece and Ireland have long suffered high youth unemployment rates and have been pressured to restructure their employment and social systems under the European Employment Strategy. Problems were aggravated by the harsh conditions imposed by the Troika following bail-outs. Yet there was significant divergence in youth employment outcomes between Greece and Ireland despite a convergence of policies. In Ireland, tighter conditionality of benefits and stronger âactivationâ were already on the agenda of the social actors, so their implementation was not forcefully contested. In Greece, the lack of effective social protection made it difficult for successive governments to build support for flexibilization, and the escalating insecurity of young Greeks and their families gave rise to social unrest and political instability. This contrast leads to a reappraisal of the convergenceâdivergence debat
How can the ambitious goals for the EUâs future bioeconomy be supported by sustainable and efficient wood sourcing practices?
Governance capacity and regionalist dynamics
The debate on the effects of regionalism and European integration on European nation states has been prominent for more than a decade. Regionalization of EU states has not brought with it genuine regional autonomy and regionalism has not emerged as a bottom-up public demand in European regions. It is contended here that to determine the future of regional devolution, whether as a result of bottom-up or top-down processes, the factors at play must be contextualized. This paper examines some determinants of regional political capacity, as identified in the policy literature, in tandem with a number of determinants of economic prospects and the existence of an economic milieu. This is done in a comparative context across 12 regions of the EU. It is suggested that the potential for regionalist pressures to emerge is dependent on regional governance capacity and the relative economic weight of a region. © Taylor & Francis
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