80 research outputs found
Stability of bicontinuous cubic phases in ternary amphiphilic systems with spontaneous curvature
We study the phase behavior of ternary amphiphilic systems in the framework
of a curvature model with non-vanishing spontaneous curvature. The amphiphilic
monolayers can arrange in different ways to form micellar, hexagonal, lamellar
and various bicontinuous cubic phases. For the latter case we consider both
single structures (one monolayer) and double structures (two monolayers). Their
interfaces are modeled by the triply periodic surfaces of constant mean
curvature of the families G, D, P, C(P), I-WP and F-RD. The stability of the
different bicontinuous cubic phases can be explained by the way in which their
universal geometrical properties conspire with the concentration constraints.
For vanishing saddle-splay modulus , almost every phase considered
has some region of stability in the Gibbs triangle. Although bicontinuous cubic
phases are suppressed by sufficiently negative values of the saddle-splay
modulus , we find that they can exist for considerably lower
values than obtained previously. The most stable bicontinuous cubic phases with
decreasing are the single and double gyroid structures since
they combine favorable topological properties with extreme volume fractions.Comment: Revtex, 23 pages with 10 Postscript files included, to appear in J.
Chem. Phys. 112 (6) (February 2000
Dynamic control of laser driven proton beams by exploiting self-generated, ultrashort electromagnetic pulses
Photonic band gaps in materials with triply periodic surfaces and related tubular structures
We calculate the photonic band gap of triply periodic bicontinuous cubic
structures and of tubular structures constructed from the skeletal graphs of
triply periodic minimal surfaces. The effect of the symmetry and topology of
the periodic dielectric structures on the existence and the characteristics of
the gaps is discussed. We find that the C(I2-Y**) structure with Ia3d symmetry,
a symmetry which is often seen in experimentally realized bicontinuous
structures, has a photonic band gap with interesting characteristics. For a
dielectric contrast of 11.9 the largest gap is approximately 20% for a volume
fraction of the high dielectric material of 25%. The midgap frequency is a
factor of 1.5 higher than the one for the (tubular) D and G structures
Composition and Diversity of Lawn Flora in Differently Managed Village Yards – A Case Study from Southwestern Hungary
The palaeoecological history of the Praz-Rodet bog (Swiss Jura) based on pollen, plant macrofossils and testate amoebae (Protozoa)
The Late Vistulian and Holocene evolution of Jezioro Lake: a record of environmental change in southern Poland found in deposits and landforms
Changes to the Fossil Record of Insects through Fifteen Years of Discovery
The first and last occurrences of hexapod families in the fossil record are compiled from publications up to end-2009. The major features of these data are compared with those of previous datasets (1993 and 1994). About a third of families (>400) are new to the fossil record since 1994, over half of the earlier, existing families have experienced changes in their known stratigraphic range and only about ten percent have unchanged ranges. Despite these significant additions to knowledge, the broad pattern of described richness through time remains similar, with described richness increasing steadily through geological history and a shift in dominant taxa, from Palaeoptera and Polyneoptera to Paraneoptera and Holometabola, after the Palaeozoic. However, after detrending, described richness is not well correlated with the earlier datasets, indicating significant changes in shorter-term patterns. There is reduced Palaeozoic richness, peaking at a different time, and a less pronounced Permian decline. A pronounced Triassic peak and decline is shown, and the plateau from the mid Early Cretaceous to the end of the period remains, albeit at substantially higher richness compared to earlier datasets. Origination and extinction rates are broadly similar to before, with a broad decline in both through time but episodic peaks, including end-Permian turnover. Origination more consistently exceeds extinction compared to previous datasets and exceptions are mainly in the Palaeozoic. These changes suggest that some inferences about causal mechanisms in insect macroevolution are likely to differ as well
Impedance study of the electrophoretic deposition of yttrium silicate from a polymeric precursor sol
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