ELECTROOSMOTIC PERMEABILITY OF ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES.

The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the current density and of the concentration of the equilibrium solution on the rate of electroosmotic flow in the solution-membrane-solution system. Experimental evidence indicates that the volume flow rate increases in proportion to the current density, confirming that Widemann's law is also valid for ion-exchange membranes, and the electroosmotic permeability is independent of current density in the range studied, from 3 to 60 mA/cm**2. The form of the dependence of the electroosmotic permeability both of homogeneous and of heterogeneous membranes on concentration is determined by the water content in the ion-exchange material

Impact of the “core” incomes of the regional budgets on the resilience of social-economic subsystems

Objective: estimation of the risks of forming the budget incomes of the Russian subjects as a tool for determining the resilience of the regional subsystem.Methods: abstract-logical method, economic-mathematical analysis, coefficient analysis. Results: it was found that for less economically developed regions, the most stable income is gratuitous revenues. It is proved that in accordance with theoretical concepts, risks are determined by the income stability, while in fact, for regions with low and intermediate levels of economic development, the priority role is played by the possibilities of mobilization, which are most obvious for gratuitous revenues. Based on the calculation and evaluation of the income structure indicators, variations of budgets by income and growth rates of the key types of budget income, and using the Federal Treasury data on execution of budgets of the Volga Federal district subjects, it was found that the lowest level of variation is shown by the tax on physical persons incomes; to a lesser extent - the tax levied within the simplified system of taxation, and the tax on property of organizations.Scientific novelty: the authors formulated a hypothesis of a “core” of the subject’s budget revenues, formed with the revenues with a low probability of deviations and high stability, reflected in a single and consistent information base and reflecting the resilience of the region’s economy. It is found that the composition of the “core” income of such regions does not meet the criteria of economic feasibility in the interests of social development and should be altered.Practical significance: the study results can be used in the development of budget and tax policy areas that provide for the decentralization of budget system revenues and the introduction of risk management in the public administration sector

Improvement of the mechanism of the state support of business activity

Государственная поддержка предпринимательства представляет собой сознательное создание экономических и правовых условий.State support of entrepreneurship is a conscious creation of economic and legal conditions, incentives for business development

FRUIT AND BERRY CROPS IN THE ENVIRONMENTS OF THE BUZULUKSKY BOR NATIONAL PARK

Buzuluksky Bor is the name of the largest woodland in the steppe zone (86,600 ha) of Northern Eurasia, and the only one in the Transvolga steppe. Woody vegetation of this forest consists of conifers (70%) and broadleaf trees (30%). Many of the latter produce edible fruits and berries. In addition to indigenous species, a significant part is formed by the introduced ones which have adapted to the specific conditions of this woodland. In 2007, a large area of the pine forest became part of the Buzuluksky Bor National Park

Основная социальная сеть для продвижения развивающихся бизнесов

At the moment, viewing, reading and publishing content on social networks has become the main daily activity for a large number of Internet users. Also, this activity is a way of earning money for many people. Marketing and promotion solely rely on social media. This article aims at exploring the relationship of social networks in order to better promote a growing business. Through the analysis of related research and observation of users, this article answers the following questions: what social networks are used in other countries and in Russia; how social networks interact with each other and what this can lead to in the field of SMM; and what features popular social networks, such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn and YouTube, Google+, VK have and which of them are more suitable for the marketing of developing companies. This study can help start-up and developing companies to understand which social network or several networks are best used for promotion.На сегодняшний момент, просмотр, чтение и публикация контента в социальных сетях стало для большого количества интернет-пользователей главной ежедневной деятельностью. И для большей части из них эта деятельность является способом заработка. Маркетинг и продвижение исключительно полагаются на социальные медиа. Данная статья направлена на изучение взаимосвязей социальных сетей в целях лучшего продвижения и раскрутки развивающегося бизнеса. С помощью анализа сопутствующих исследований и наблюдения за пользователями, эта статья дает ответы на следующие вопросы: 1) какие социальные сети используют в других странах и, непосредственно, в России; 2) как взаимодействуют социальные сети друг с другом и к чему это может привести в области SMM; и 3) какие особенности имеет каждая социальная сеть – Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn и YouTube, Google+, VK – и какие из них в большей мере подходят для маркетинга развивающихся компаний. Это исследование помогает начинающим и развивающимся компаниям понять, какую социальную сеть или совместно нескольких сетей лучше всего использовать для продвижения. Статья завершается будущим путем маркетинга в социальных сетях

ДОСВІД ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ІНТРАТЕКАЛЬНОГО СИНТЕЗУ АНТИТІЛ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З УРАЖЕННЯМИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЇ НЕРВОВОЇ СИСТЕМИ

The aim of the work – to study the frequency of intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies at patients with inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system.Patients and methods. In this work the data of the determination of intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies (ITSA) in 90 patients are given who were treated at the Lev Hromashevskyi Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. The research included quantitative definition of antibodies of the class IgG in serum (S) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to neurotropic pathogens: herpes simplex virus 1/2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella zoster virus, rubella virus, Borrelies. Calculations of ITSA indicators were carried out according to the method of Reiber H. The condition of a hematoencephalic barrier (HEB) was estimated by means of coefficient of albumine (Qalb) taking into account age norms.Results. ITSA was established in (25.6±4.6) % of the examined patients with damages of the central nervous system. In patients with ITSA most often (in 52.2 %) simultaneously present antibodies to several neurotropic pathogens. Detection of ITSA at the examined patients didn’t depend on concentration of specific antibodies in S and CSF and wasn’t followed by malfunction of HEB. The incidence of HEB dysfunction at patients with ITSA and without ITSA appeared with an identical frequency (13,0 % and 13,6 % respectively).Мета роботи. Вивчити частоту інтратекального синтезу специфічних антитіл у пацієнтів зі запальними ураженнями центральної нервової системи.Пацієнти і методи. В роботі наведені дані визначення інтратекального синтезу специфічних антитіл (ІТСА) у 90 пацієнтів, які проходили лікування в клініці ДУ «Інститут епідеміології та інфекційних хвороб ім. Л.В. Громашевського». Дослідження включало кількісне визначення антитіл класу Ig G в сироватці крові (СК) та спинномозковій рідині (СМР) до нейротропних збудників: вірусу простого герпесу 1/2 типу, цитомегаловірусу, вірусу Епштейна-Барр, вірусу оперізувального лишаю, вірусу кору, вірусу краснухи, бореліям. Розрахунки показників ІТСА проведені за методикою Reiber H. Стан гематоенцефалічного бар’єру (ГЕБ) оцінювали за допомогою коефіцієнту альбуміну (Qalb) з урахуванням вікових норм.Результати. ІТСА встановлений у (25,6±4,6) % обстежених пацієнтів з ураженнями ЦНС. У пацієнтів з ІТСА найчастіше (у 52,2 %) одночасно були присутні антитіла до декількох нейротропних збудників. Виявлення ІТСА в обстежених пацієнтів не залежало від концентрації специфічних антитіл у СК і СМР і не супроводжувалося порушенням функції ГЕБ. Випадки дисфункції ГЕБ у пацієнтів з ІТСА та без ІТСА виявлялися з однаковою частотою (13,0 та 13,6 % відповідно)

Primary Terminal Haemochromatosis in a 50 Year-Old Patient

Aim. A clinical description of end-stage hereditary haemochromatosis manifested with chronic alcohol abuse.Key points. A 50-yo patient referred with marked general weakness as a major complaint. The patient had a history of long-term alcohol consumption at toxic doses, putative cirrhosis, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient's severity on admission was conditioned by marked hypotension. Further examination aimed at excluding occult gastrointestinal bleeding, adrenal insufficiency, decompensated heart failure. Bronze skin and icteric sclerae were positive. Blood tests revealed severe macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia, thrombocytopae-nia, hyperbilirubinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, hypocoagulation, elevated transaminases, hyponatraemia, elevated creatinine (CKD DPI 63 mL/min), severe hyperferritinaemia. Faecal occult blood test and EGDS for bleeding were negative. Abdominal ultrasound exposed signs of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (ascites, splenomegaly). Echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy of all chambers, a reduced 24% ejection fraction at absent acute myocardial infarction. Primary haemochromatosis was suspected upon high ferritin, transferrin iron saturation and multiple organ dysfunction. Genotyping revealed the HFE 845G > A variant diagnostic of haemochromatosis type 1. Clinical diagnosis: Primary disease: haemochromatosis (homozygous variant HFE 845G > A (A/A)): liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class C. Portal hypertension: splenomegaly, ascites. Dilated cardiomyopathy. Diabetes mellitus. Complications: multiple organ dysfunction (SOFA 16). Liver failure: jaundice, hypoalbuminaemia, hypocoagulation. Cardiac rhythm and conduction disorder: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Acute cardiac failure with underlying CHF IIb, NYHA class 3. Acute renal failure (anuria) with underlying CKD stage 3 (CKD DPI 63 mL/min). Moderate macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia. Acute and chronic adrenal failure. Despite a cardiovascular and renal failure compensation therapy and albumin transfusion, the patient died. Autopsy revealed a marked organ infiltration with haemosiderin (heart, stomach, liver, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands).Conclusion. The case describes a classical clinical manifestation of haemochromatosis: bronze skin hyperpigmentation, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy, adrenal insufficiency. Terminal haemochromatosis, severe cardiac and renal failure decompensation precluded phlebotomy and chelation therapy. A lethal outcome was conditioned by multiple organ dysfunction with underlying massive haemosiderin deposition in most organs

Эффективность использования экстракта крапивы двудомной при выращивании цыплят-бройлеров

Currently, agricultural specialists have a great interest in poultry feed additives that can become an alternative to antibiotics. Medicinal plants are a source of a wide range of biologically active compounds that have, among others, antimicrobial effects. The authors believe that a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of their use under production conditions should be carried out. This evaluation is necessary to obtain a fuller picture of the potential use of various forms of medicinal plants, in particular their extracts, in poultry production. The authors studied the effect of feeding different doses of water-ethanol extract of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) on growth, carcass quality, safety and chemical composition of meat of broiler chickens of ISA F15 cross from one day old to 40 days old. The experiment was conducted in an industrial poultry farm of Kuzbass, where a control group and five experimental groups of 35-day-old chickens were selected by the method of similar groups. Throughout the experiment, the chickens of the control group were fed complete feed according to the phases of rearing, and the birds of the experimental groups were fed additional nettle extract in different doses. Feeding broiler chickens with nettle extract at the doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg body weight increased the intensity of their growth by 0,4-1,4% and reduced feed conversion by 0,6-2,3%. High survival was noted in the groups which received the extract at doses of 5, 10, 20 mg/kg body weight. When nettle extract is added to complete feed for broiler chickens, the tendency to increase the carcass slaughter yield by 0,3-0,75% in groups 2, 3, and 4 of experimental and the caloric content of poultry meat by 0,8-6,6% in all experimental groups is established. Based on the results of the poultry meat production efficiency index evaluation, the authors suggest including nettle extract at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight in the composition of complete feed when raising broiler chickens in order to increase the level of profitability.В настоящее время специалисты АПК испытывают большой интерес к кормовым добавкам для птицеводства, способным стать альтернативой антибиотикам. Лекарственные растения являются источником широкого спектра биологически активных соединений, обладающих, в том числе, антимикробными эффектами. Для получения более полной картины потенциального использования различных форм лекарственных растений, в частности их экстрактов, в птицеводстве, необходимо проводить всестороннюю оценку эффективности их использования в производственных условиях. Мы изучили влияние скармливания различных доз водно-этанольного экстракта крапивы двудомной (Urtica dioica L.) на показатели роста, качества тушек, сохранность и химический состав мяса цыплят-бройлеров кросса ISA F15 с суточного до 40-дневного возраста. Эксперимент проводили в условиях промышленной птицефабрики Кузбасса, где по методу аналогичных групп были подобраны контрольная и пять опытных групп суточных цыплят по 35 голов. В течение всего опыта цыплятам контрольной группы скармливали полнорационные комбикорма согласно фазам выращивания, а птице опытных групп – дополнительно экстракт крапивы двудомной в различных дозах. Скармливание цыплятамбройлерам экстракта крапивы двудомной в дозах 5, 10, 15 и 20 мг/кг массы тела способствовало повышению интенсивности их роста на 0,4–1,4% и снижению конверсии корма на 0,6–2,3%. Высокая сохранность отмечена в группах, которые получали экстракт в дозах 5, 10, 20 мг/кг массы тела. При введении экстракта крапивы двудомной в полнорационные комбикорма для цыплят-бройлеров установлены тенденции к повышению убойного выхода тушек на 0,3–0,75% во 2, 3, и 4-й опытных группах и калорийности мяса птицы на 0,8–6,6% во всех опытных группах. По результатам оценки индекса эффективности производства мяса птицы предлагаем при выращивании цыплят-бройлеров в целях повышения уровня рентабельности включать в состав полнорационного комбикорма экстракт крапивы двудомной в дозе 10 мг/кг массы тела

Ancient genomic time transect from the Central Asian Steppe unravels the history of the Scythians

The Scythians were a multitude of horse-warrior nomad cultures dwelling in the Eurasian steppe during the first millennium BCE. Because of the lack of first-hand written records, little is known about the origins and relations among the different cultures. To address these questions, we produced genome-wide data for 111 ancient individuals retrieved from 39 archaeological sites from the first millennia BCE and CE across the Central Asian Steppe. We uncovered major admixture events in the Late Bronze Age forming the genetic substratum for two main Iron Age gene-pools emerging around the Altai and the Urals respectively. Their demise was mirrored by new genetic turnovers, linked to the spread of the eastern nomad empires in the first centuries CE. Compared to the high genetic heterogeneity of the past, the homogenization of the present-day Kazakhs gene pool is notable, likely a result of 400 years of strict exogamous social rules.Introduction Results - The IA transition in the Kazakh Steppe - Admixture modeling of IA steppe populations - Post-IA genetic turnovers in the Kazakh Steppe - Dating ancient admixture - Present-day Kazakhs Discussion Material and methods - Radiocarbon dating - DNA extraction, library preparations, and sequencing - Modern DNA genotyping and quality controls - Ancient DNA data processing -- Raw data -- Authentication and contamination estimate -- Genotyping -- Sex determination -- Genetic relatedness estimation - Uniparental haplogroup assignment - Population structure analyses - Individual labeling and population grouping criteria - F-statistics and ancestry modeling - Admixture dating - CHROMOPAINTER and fineSTRUCTURE analyse

The MPIfR-MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey - I. System set-up and early results

Galactic plane radio surveys play a key role in improving our understanding of a wide range of astrophysical phenomena. Performing such a survey using the latest interferometric telescopes produces large data rates necessitating a shift towards fully or quasi-real-time data analysis with data being stored for only the time required to process them. We present here the overview and set-up for the 3000-h Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIfR)-MeerKAT Galactic Plane Survey (MMGPS). The survey is unique by operating in a commensal mode, addressing key science objectives of the survey including the discovery of new pulsars and transients and studies of Galactic magnetism, the interstellar medium and star formation rates. We explain the strategy coupled with the necessary hardware and software infrastructure needed for data reduction in the imaging, spectral, and time domains. We have so far discovered 78 new pulsars including 17 confirmed binary systems of which two are potential double neutron star systems. We have also developed an imaging pipeline sensitive to the order of a few tens of micro-Jansky () with a spatial resolution of a few arcseconds. Further science operations with an in-house built S-band receiver operating between 1.7 and 3.5 GHz are about to commence. Early spectral line commissioning observations conducted at S-band, targeting transitions of the key molecular gas tracer CH at 3.3 GHz already illustrate the spectroscopic capabilities of this instrument. These results lay a strong foundation for future surveys with telescopes like the Square Kilometre Array (SKA)