INFLUENCE OF REGIME FACTORS ON EFFECTIVENESS OF GTU PERFORMANCE

In the work influence of regime factors on of GTU performance is considered. The analysis of efficiency of simple cycle GTU and cycle with intermediate cooling depending on ambient temperature, pressure ratio of air in the compressor is made. It is shown that with increase in pressure ratio, temperature of the GT exhaust gases decreases that leads in the case of the gas turbine operation as a part of the combined cycle to decrease in efficiency of the CCGT owing to decrease in potential of the GT exhaust gases.В работе рассмотрено влияние режимных факторов на экономичность работы ГТУ. Выполнен анализ эффективности ГТУ простого цикла и цикла с промежуточным охлаждением в зависимости от температуры окружающего воздуха, степени повышения давления воздуха в компрессоре. Показано, что с увеличением степени повышения давления температура выхлопных газов ГТ снижается, что приводит при работе газовой турбины в составе парогазовой установки к снижению КПД ПГУ вследствие снижения потенциала выхлопных газов ГТ

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics and effectiveness of antiviral therapy for COVID-19 in children: The experience of the first year of the pandemic

Background. The use of antiviral agents can shorten the duration of the viral infection. The aim: to study the clinical and epidemiological features and the effectiveness of antiviral therapy for new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in outpatient children.Materials and methods. From April 2020 to March 2021, 9334 outpatient children aged from 0 months to 17 years were randomly tested for new coronavirus infection. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in oropharyngeal and nasal material by PCR. Patients with confirmed new coronavirus infection were prescribed interferon-alpha (IFN-α) intranasally, antiviral agents of systemic action. The control group consisted of children with COVID-19 who did not receive treatment.Results. When examining clinically healthy contact children, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 7.4 % of cases. In the structure of ARI, the specific weight of COVID-19 was 12.3 % with the peak incidence in April-May (up to 22.8 %) and NovemberDecember (up to 30.0 %). In half of the cases, children became infected in the family, and usually adults were the index patient. In 47.7 % of cases, an asymptomatic form of COVID-19 was registered without significant differences in patients of different ages. In one third of children with concomitant pathology, the disease was asymptomatic, in half it was mild, in other cases moderate severity was diagnosed. The clinical picture of COVID-19 did not differ from other ARIs. Anosmia (9.4 %) in half of the cases was combined with ageusia (4.4 %) and was significantly more common in boys. The duration of clinical manifestations in children of the control group and those who received antiviral therapy did not statistically significantly differ in mild and severity of the disease. Also, various antiviral therapy options did not significantly affect the duration of SARS-CoV-2 detection in children with various forms of COVID-19.Conclusion. In the first year of the pandemic, the novel coronavirus infection did not dominate the pattern of respiratory diseases in outpatient children. Further research is required to develop pediatric guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 at the outpatient stage

БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПЕДИАТРИЧЕСКОЙ КОМБИНИРОВАННОЙ ВАКЦИНЫ ДЛЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ДИФТЕРИИ, КОКЛЮША, СТОЛБНЯКА, ПОЛИОМИЕЛИТА И ГЕМОФИЛЬНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ ТИП B В ПЕРВИЧНОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ ВАКЦИНАЦИИ И ПЕРВОЙ РЕВАКЦИНАЦИИ

The results of studies of the safety of a combined five-component pediatric vaccine to prevent diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV//Hib) in children in the primary vaccination and for the first boosterisation are shown. On the introduction of 208 doses of 264 (75.8%) there were no any local or general reactions registered. The registered local or general reactions occurred usually on the 1st day after vaccination and lasted for 1–2 days. Local reactions with a diameter ≥ 2 cm were reported in 2 cases (0.8%) and did not exceed the diameter of 2 cm. Increased body temperature ≥ 38,5°C was recorded in 3 cases (1.1%) and was not higher than 39,0°C. There have been fixed no cases of anaphylactic reactions, seizures, encephalitic reactions. Due to the high-profile security vaccine DTaP-IPV//Hib is suitable for wide application in outpatient conditions for the standard routine and catch-up vaccination of healthy children and children with underlying medical conditions.Представлены результаты исследования безопасности применения пятикомпонентной комбинированной педиатрической вакцины для профилактики дифтерии, коклюша, столбняка, полиомиелита, гемофильной инфекции тип B (DTaP-IPV//Hib) у детей в рамках первичного комплекса вакцинации и первой ревакцинации. На введение 208 доз вакцины из 264 (75,8%) не зарегистрировано ни местных, ни общих реакций. Отмечаемые местные или общие реакции возникали на 1-й день после введения вакцины и длились в течение 1–2 дней. Местные реакции зарегистрированы в 2 случаях (0,8%) и не превышали диаметра 2 см. Повышение температуры тела ≥ 38,5°С зарегистрировано в 3 случаях (1,1%) и не превышало 39,0°С. Не зафиксировано случаев анафилактической реакции, судорог, энцефалических реакций. В связи с высоким профилем безопасности вакцина DTaP-IPV//Hib целесообразна для широкого применения в амбулаторно-поликлинических условиях для стандартной плановой, а также догоняющей вакцинации здоровых детей и детей с сопутствующими заболеваниями

Which States Matter? An Application of an Intelligent Discretization Method to Solve a Continuous POMDP in Conservation Biology

When managing populations of threatened species, conservation managers seek to make the best conservation decisions to avoid extinction. Making the best decision is difficult because the true population size and the effects of management are uncertain. Managers must allocate limited resources between actively protecting the species and monitoring. Resources spent on monitoring reduce expenditure on management that could be used to directly improve species persistence. However monitoring may prevent sub-optimal management actions being taken as a result of observation error. Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) can optimize management for populations with partial detectability, but the solution methods can only be applied when there are few discrete states. We use the Continuous U-Tree (CU-Tree) algorithm to discretely represent a continuous state space by using only the states that are necessary to maintain an optimal management policy. We exploit the compact discretization created by CU-Tree to solve a POMDP on the original continuous state space. We apply our method to a population of sea otters and explore the trade-off between allocating resources to management and monitoring. We show that accurately discovering the population size is less important than management for the long term survival of our otter population

КОРЬ У ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА

A clinical observation and treatment of 36 children between the ages of 5 months up to 3 years old with measles. In 34 persons. (94.4%) diagnosed with typical moderate forms, from 2 people (5.6%) — atypical (mitigirovannaya) a mild form of the disease. All children are vaccinated against measles. Typical measles char-acterized by moderate forms of cyclical flow with the change of the classical period and the presence of characteristic clinical syndromes. Pathognomonic symptom found: spots Belsky — Filatov — Koplik (67.7%), stages a rash (100%), stages of pigmentation (100%). Causal therapy was VIFERON®. Revealed the rapid disappearance of intoxication and normalization of body temperature, the early decline in the severity and duration of catarrhal syndrome, reducing the severity and frequency of complications, no stratification of SARS.Проведено клиническое наблюдение и лечение 36 детей в возрасте от 5 мес. до 3-х лет, больных корью. У 34 чел. (94,4%) диагностирована типичная среднетяжелая форма, у 2-х чел. (5,6%) — атипичная (митигированная) легкая форма болезни. Все дети не были привиты против кори. Типичная среднетяжелая форма кори характеризовалась цикличностью течения со сменой классических периодов и наличием характерных клинических синдромов. Патогномоничные симптомы выявлены: пятна Бельского-Филатова-Коплика (67,7%), этапность высыпания (100%), этапность пигментации (100%). Этиотропная терапия проводилась препаратом ВИФЕРОН®.Выявлены быстрое исчезновение интоксикации и нормализация температуры тела, раннее снижение выраженности и продолжительности катарального синдрома, снижение тяжести и частоты развития осложнений, отсутствие наслоения ОРВИ.

Характеристика противокоревого иммунитета у студентов педиатрического факультета медицинского университета

Objective: to evaluate the intensity of measles immunity in students of I–VI courses of the pediatric faculty of St. Petersburg State Medical University.Materials and methods: titers of antibodies to measles virus were determined in 986 students of I–VI courses in May –June 2019. The level of measles antibodies was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: positive (protective) titres of measles antibodies were detected in 555 people. (56.4%), the absence of measles immunity was found in 431 people. (43.6%), including 57 people. (5.8%) specific antibodies were not detected. The relationship between the level of collective immunity and the duration of the period after the last vaccination against measles was revealed.Conclusions: in the majority of examined students (96.2%), protective titers of measles antibodies remained for 10 years after the last vaccination. Subsequently, a significant decrease in the level of measles antibodies was noted. All students who do not have a protective IgG titer are shown measles vaccination with live measles vaccine in accordance with the instructions for use. Цель: оценить напряженность противокоревого иммунитета у студентов I–VI курсов педиатрического факультета Санкт-Петербургского государственного педиатрического медицинского университета.Материалы и методы: определены титры антител к вирусу кори у 986 студентов I–VI курсов в мае – июне 2019 г. Уровень противокоревых антител определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа.Результаты: положительные (защитные) титры противокоревых антител выявлены у 555 чел. (56,4%), отсутствие противокоревого иммунитета установлено у 431 чел. (43,6%), в том числе у 57 чел. (5,8%) специфические антитела не обнаружены. Выявлена взаимосвязь уровня коллективного иммунитета и длительности периода после последней прививки против кори.Заключение: у большинства обследованных студентов (96,2%) защитные титры противокоревых антител сохранялись в течение 10 лет после проведения последней прививки. В дальнейшем отмечалось значительное снижение уровня противокоревых антител. Всем студентам, не имеющим защитного титра IgG, показана вакцинация против кори живой коревой вакциной в соответствии с инструкцией по применению.

Refined physical map of the human PAX2/HOX11/NFKB2 cancer gene region at 10q24 and relocalization of the HPV6AI1 viral integration site to 14q13.3-q21.1

BACKGROUND: Chromosome band 10q24 is a gene-rich domain and host to a number of cancer, developmental, and neurological genes. Recurring translocations, deletions and mutations involving this chromosome band have been observed in different human cancers and other disease conditions, but the precise identification of breakpoint sites, and detailed characterization of the genetic basis and mechanisms which underlie many of these rearrangements has yet to be resolved. Towards this end it is vital to establish a definitive genetic map of this region, which to date has shown considerable volatility through time in published works of scientific journals, within different builds of the same international genomic database, and across the differently constructed databases. RESULTS: Using a combination of chromosome and interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), BAC end-sequencing and genomic database analysis we present a physical map showing that the order and chromosomal orientation of selected genes within 10q24 is CEN-CYP2C9-PAX2-HOX11-NFKB2-TEL. Our analysis has resolved the orientation of an otherwise dynamically evolving assembly of larger contigs upstream of this region, and in so doing verifies the order and orientation of a further 9 cancer-related genes and GOT1. This study further shows that the previously reported human papillomavirus type 6a DNA integration site HPV6AI1 does not map to 10q24, but that it maps at the interface of chromosome bands 14q13.3-q21.1. CONCLUSIONS: This revised map will allow more precise localization of chromosome rearrangements involving chromosome band 10q24, and will serve as a useful baseline to better understand the molecular aetiology of chromosomal instability in this region. In particular, the relocation of HPV6AI1 is important to report because this HPV6a integration site, originally isolated from a tonsillar carcinoma, was shown to be rearranged in other HPV6a-related malignancies, including 2 of 25 genital condylomas, and 2 of 7 head and neck tumors tested. Our finding shifts the focus of this genomic interest from 10q24 to the chromosome 14 site

Eukaryotic Cells Producing Ribosomes Deficient in Rpl1 Are Hypersensitive to Defects in the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System

It has recently become clear that the misassembly of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells can have deleterious effects that go far beyond a simple shortage of ribosomes. In this work we find that cells deficient in ribosomal protein L1 (Rpl1; Rpl10a in mammals) produce ribosomes lacking Rpl1 that are exported to the cytoplasm and that can be incorporated into polyribosomes. The presence of such defective ribosomes leads to slow growth and appears to render the cells hypersensitive to lesions in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Several genes that were reasonable candidates for degradation of 60S subunits lacking Rpl1 fail to do so, suggesting that key players in the surveillance of ribosomal subunits remain to be found. Interestingly, in spite of rendering the cells hypersensitive to the proteasome inhibitor MG132, shortage of Rpl1 partially suppresses the stress-invoked temporary repression of ribosome synthesis caused by MG132.United States. National Institutes of Health (GM25532)United States. National Institutes of Health (ARRAGM25532-S1)United States. National Institutes of Health (GM085177)United States. National Institutes of Health (CAI-3330)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC

Геморрагическая лихорадка с почечным синдромом у ребенка раннего возраста

In Russia, Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) takes the leading place among all natural focal infections, the incidence rate in 2018 was 3,99 per 100 thousand population. In the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, HFRS occurs much less frequently – 1,46 cases per 100 thousand population. The disease is more susceptible to men aged 16–50 years, children rarely get sick. In 2019, 73 cases of HFRS (1,36 per 100 thousand population) were registered in St. Petersburg, among them only 2 episodes – in children under 18 years of age. A clinical case of HFRS in a child aged 1 year and 8 months is presented. The diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical and epidemiological data (acute onset of the disease, the presence of fever, thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, oliguria, anuria, information on cases of HFRS at the place of residence of the child) and laboratory data (detection of specific IgM antibodies to the Hantaan virus) in the later stages of the disease. The described case should alert pediatricians regarding possible natural focal diseases, including HFRS. A thorough analysis of the anamnestic, epidemiological and clinical data of the patient will help in the early stages of the disease to suggest a diagnosis, conduct laboratory diagnostics and prescribe appropriate therapy.В России геморрагическая лихорадка с почечным синдромом (ГЛПС) занимает ведущее место среди всех природно-очаговых инфекций, показатель заболеваемости в 2018 г. составил 3,99 на 100 тыс. населения. В СевероЗападном федеральном округе Российской Федерации ГЛПС встречается значительно реже – 1,46 случаев на 100 тыс. населения. Заболеванию больше подвержены мужчины в возрасте 16–50 лет, дети болеют редко. В Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 г. зарегистрировано 73 случая ГЛПС (1,36 на 100 тыс. населения), среди них только 2 эпизода у детей до 18 лет. Представлен клинический случай геморрагической лихорадки с почечным синдромом у ребенка в возрасте 1год 8 мес. Диагноз установлен на основании клинико-эпидемиологических (острое начало заболевания, наличие лихорадки, тромбогеморрагического синдрома, олигурии, анурии, сведений о случаях ГЛПС по месту жительства ребенка) и лабораторных (обнаружение специфических IgM-антител к Hantaanвирусу) данных в поздние сроки болезни. Описанный случай должен насторожить врачей-педиатров в отношении возможных природно-очаговых заболеваний, в том числе ГЛПС. Тщательный анализ анамнестических, эпидемиологических и клинических данных больного поможет в ранние сроки болезни предположить диагноз, провести лабораторную диагностику и назначить соответствующую терапию