Altered N170 and mood symptoms in bipolar disorder: An electrophysiological study of configural face processing

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145368/1/bdi12587.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145368/2/bdi12587_am.pd

Auditory feature perception and auditory hallucinatory experiences in schizophrenia spectrum disorder

Schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ) is associated with deficits in auditory perception as well as auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). However, the relationship between auditory feature perception and auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), one of the most commonly occurring symptoms in psychosis, has not been well characterized. This study evaluated perception of a broad range of auditory features in SZ and to determine whether current AVHs relate to auditory feature perception. Auditory perception, including frequency, intensity, duration, pulse-train and temporal order discrimination, as well as an embedded tone task, was assessed in both AVH (n = 20) and non-AVH (n = 24) SZ individuals and in healthy controls (n = 29) with the Test of Basic Auditory Capabilities (TBAC). The Hamilton Program for Schizophrenia Voices Questionnaire (HPSVQ) was used to assess the experience of auditory hallucinations in patients with SZ. Findings suggest that compared to controls, the SZ group had greater deficits on an array of auditory features, with non-AVH SZ individuals showing the most severe degree of abnormality. IQ and measures of cognitive processing were positively associated with performance on the TBAC for all SZ individuals, but not with the HPSVQ scores. These findings indicate that persons with SZ demonstrate impaired auditory perception for a broad range of features. It does not appear that impaired auditory perception is associated with recent auditory verbal hallucinations, but instead associated with the degree of intellectual impairment in SZ

Impaired Effective Connectivity During a Cerebellar-Mediated Sensorimotor Synchronization Task in Schizophrenia

Prominent conceptual models characterize schizophrenia as a dysconnectivity syndrome, with recent research focusing on the contributions of the cerebellum in this framework. The present study examined the role of the cerebellum and its effective connectivity to the cerebrum during sensorimotor synchronization in schizophrenia. Specifically, the role of the cerebellum in temporally coordinating cerebral motor activity was examined through path analysis. Thirty-one individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 40 healthy controls completed a finger-tapping fMRI task including tone-paced synchronization and self-paced continuation tapping at a 500 ms intertap interval (ITI). Behavioral data revealed shorter and more variable ITIs during self-paced continuation, greater clock (vs motor) variance, and greater force of tapping in the schizophrenia group. In a whole-brain analysis, groups showed robust activation of the cerebellum during self-paced continuation but not during tone-paced synchronization. However, effective connectivity analysis revealed decreased connectivity in individuals with schizophrenia between the cerebellum and primary motor cortex but increased connectivity between cerebellum and thalamus during self-paced continuation compared with healthy controls. These findings in schizophrenia indicate diminished temporal coordination of cerebral motor activity by cerebellum during the continuation tapping portion of sensorimotor synchronization. Taken together with the behavioral finding of greater temporal variability in schizophrenia, these effective connectivity results are consistent with structural and temporal models of dysconnectivity in the disorder

Long-Term Aberrations To Cerebellar Endocannabinoids Induced By Early-Life Stress

Emerging evidence points to the role of the endocannabinoid system in long-term stress-induced neural remodeling with studies on stress-induced endocannabinoid dysregulation focusing on cerebral changes that are temporally proximal to stressors. Little is known about temporally distal and sex-specific effects, especially in cerebellum, which is vulnerable to early developmental stress and is dense with cannabinoid receptors. Following limited bedding at postnatal days 2-9, adult (postnatal day 70) cerebellar and hippocampal endocannabinoids, related lipids, and mRNA were assessed, and behavioral performance evaluated. Regional and sex-specific effects were present at baseline and following early-life stress. Limited bedding impaired peripherally-measured basal corticosterone in adult males only. In the CNS, early-life stress (1) decreased 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and arachidonic acid in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus in males only; (2) decreased 2-arachidonoyl glycerol in females only in cerebellar Crus I; and (3) increased dorsal hippocampus prostaglandins in males only. Cerebellar interpositus transcriptomics revealed substantial sex effects, with minimal stress effects. Stress did impair novel object recognition in both sexes and social preference in females. Accordingly, the cerebellar endocannabinoid system exhibits robust sex-specific differences, malleable through early-life stress, suggesting the role of endocannabinoids and stress to sexual differentiation of the brain and cerebellar-related dysfunctions

Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Transplantation of Hematological Diseases from Related, Haploidentical Donors after Reduced-Intensity Conditioning

AbstractIn a multicenter collaboration, we carried out T cell–replete, peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantations from related, HLA-haploidentical donors with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (Cy) as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in 55 patients with high-risk hematologic disorders. Patients received 2 doses of Cy 50 mg/kg i.v. on days 3 and 4 after infusion of PBSC (mean, 6.4 × 106/kg CD34+ cells; mean, 2.0 × 108/kg CD3+ cells). The median times to neutrophil (500/μL) and platelet (>20,000/μL) recovery were 17 and 21 days respectively. All but 2 of the patients achieved full engraftment. The 1-year cumulative incidences of grade II and grade III acute GVHD were 53% and 8%, respectively. There were no cases of grade IV GVHD. The 2-year cumulative incidence of chronic GHVD was 18%. With a median follow-up of 509 days, overall survival and event-free survival at 2 years were 48% and 51%, respectively. The 2-year cumulative incidences of nonrelapse mortality and relapse were 23% and 28%, respectively. Our results suggest that PBSC can be substituted safely and effectively for bone marrow as the graft source for haploidentical transplantation after RIC

Psychotropic medications in older people in residential care facilities and associations with quality of life: a cross-sectional study

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Background Psychotropic medications have been associated with many adverse outcomes in older people living in residential care. Home-like models of residential care may be preferable to traditional models of care and we hypothesized that this model may impact on the prevalence of psychotropic medications. The objectives were to: 1) examine associations between psychotropic medications and quality of life in older adults living in residential care facilities with a high prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia and 2) determine if there was a difference in prevalence of psychotropic medications in facilities which provide a small group home-like model of residential care compared to a ‘standard model’ of care. Methods Participants included 541 residents from 17 residential aged care facilities in the Investigating Services Provided in the Residential Environment for Dementia (INSPIRED) study. Cross-sectional analyses were completed to examine the above objectives. Quality of life was measured with the dementia quality of life questionnaire (DEMQOL) and the EQ-5D-5L completed by the resident or a proxy. Results Overall, 70.8% (n = 380) of the population had been prescribed/dispensed at least one psychotropic medication in the 100 days prior to recruitment. An increased number of psychotropic medications was associated with lower quality of life according to DEMQOL-Proxy-Utility scores (β (SE): − 0.012 (0.006), p = 0.04) and EQ-5D-5L scores (− 0.024 (0.011), p = 0.03) after adjustment for resident-level and facility-level characteristics. Analysis of the individual classes of psychotropic medications showed antipsychotics were associated with lower DEMQOL-Proxy-Utility scores (− 0.030 (0.014), p = 0.03) and benzodiazepines were associated with lower EQ-5D-5L scores (− 0.059 (0.024), p = 0.01). Participants residing in facilities which had a home-like model of residential care were less likely to be prescribed psychotropic medications (OR (95% CI): 0.24 (0.12, 0.46), p < 0.001). Conclusions An increased number of psychotropic medications were associated with lower quality of life scores. These medications have many associated adverse effects and the use of these medications should be re-examined when investigating approaches to improve quality of life for older people in residential care. Home-like models of residential care may help to reduce the need for psychotropic medications, but further research is needed to validate these findings

Erratum to: The effectiveness of the peer delivered Thinking Healthy Plus (THPP+) Programme for maternal depression and child socio-emotional development in Pakistan: study protocol for A three-year cluster randomized controlled trial

Unfortunately, the original version of this article [1] contained an error. An error was introduced to the original title of this article. The title was incorrectly published as: The effectiveness of the peer-delivered Thinking Healthy PLUS (THPP+) Program for maternal depression and child socioemotional development in Pakistan: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial The correct title is below: The effectiveness of the peer delivered Thinking Healthy Plus (THPP+) Programme for maternal depression and child socio-emotional development in Pakistan: study protocol for a three-year cluster randomized controlled trial

Determinants of fatal outcome in patients admitted to intensive care units with influenza, European Union 2009–2017

Free PMC article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/32258201/Background: Morbidity, severity, and mortality associated with annual influenza epidemics are of public health concern. We analyzed surveillance data on hospitalized laboratory-confirmed influenza cases admitted to intensive care units to identify common determinants for fatal outcome and inform and target public health prevention strategies, including risk communication. Methods: We performed a descriptive analysis and used Poisson regression models with robust variance to estimate the association of age, sex, virus (sub)type, and underlying medical condition with fatal outcome using European Union data from 2009 to 2017. Results: Of 13 368 cases included in the basic dataset, 2806 (21%) were fatal. Age ≥40 years and infection with influenza A virus were associated with fatal outcome. Of 5886 cases with known underlying medical conditions and virus A subtype included in a more detailed analysis, 1349 (23%) were fatal. Influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 or A(H3N2) infection, age ≥60 years, cancer, human immunodeficiency virus infection and/or other immune deficiency, and heart, kidney, and liver disease were associated with fatal outcome; the risk of death was lower for patients with chronic lung disease and for pregnant women. Conclusions: This study re-emphasises the importance of preventing influenza in the elderly and tailoring strategies to risk groups with underlying medical conditions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalence and prognostic impact of subclinical cardiovascular disease in individuals with the metabolic syndrome and diabetes

Dostępne dane dotyczące występowania i znaczenia prognostycznego subklinicznej postaci choroby sercowo-naczyniowej (CVD), u pacjentów z zespołem metabolicznym są ograniczone. W prezentowanej pracy zbadano częstość występowania subklinicznej choroby sercowo-naczyniowej u 1945 uczestników próby Framingham Offspring Study (śr. wieku 58 lat, 59% uczestników stanowiły kobiety) z wykorzystaniem elektrokardiografii, echokardiografii, ultra ultrasonografii tętnic szyjnych, wskaźnika ciśnienia tętniczego kostka&#8211;ramię oraz wydalania albumin z moczem. W pracy oceniono w sposób prospektywny częstość występowania subklinicznej choroby sercowo-naczyniowej związanej z zespołem metabolicznym i cukrzycą, w zależności od obecności subklinicznej postaci tego schorzenia lub jej braku. Przekrojowo u 51% z 581 uczestników z zespołem metabolicznym zdiagnozowano subkliniczną formę choroby sercowo-naczyniowej w przynajmniej jednym z badań dodatkowych, co było częstsze niż u chorych bez zespołu metabolicznego [iloraz szans skorygowany pod względem wielu zmiennych 2,06 (95% CI: 1,67&#8211;2,55); p < 0,0001]. W trakcie dalszej obserwacji klinicznej (śr. 7,2 lat) jawna klinicznie choroba sercowo-naczyniowa rozwinęła się u 139 pacjentów, 59% tej liczby stanowiły osoby z zespołem metabolicznym (10,2%). Uogólniając, występowanie zespołu metabolicznego było związane ze zwiększonym ryzykiem występowania CVD [iloraz ryzyka skorygowany pod względem wielu zmiennych (HR, hazard ratio) 1,61 (95% CI: 1,12&#8211;2,33)]. U pacjentów z zespołem metabolicznym oraz subkliniczną postacią choroby sercowo-naczyniowej zaobserwowano zwiększone ryzyko wystąpienia jawnej klinicznie postaci choroby sercowo-naczyniowej [2,67 (1,62&#8211;4,41) w porównaniu z chorymi bez zdiagnozowanego zespołu metabolicznego, cukrzycy lub subklinicznej formy choroby sercowo-naczyniowej]. Zaobserwowano także mniejszy związek występowania zespołu metabolicznego z rozwinięciem się choroby sercowo-naczyniowej u pacjentów bez subklinicznej postaci CVD [HR 1,59 (95% CI: 0,87&#8211;2,90)]. Podobne zmniejszenie ryzyka wystąpienia choroby sercowo-naczyniowej u pacjentów bez subklinicznej postaci CVD obserwowano u chorych na cukrzycę. Występowanie subklinicznej formy CVD stanowiło istotny predyktor rozwinięcia się jawnej klinicznie choroby sercowo-naczyniowej u pacjentów bez zespołu metabolicznego lub cukrzycy [1,93 (1,15&#8211;3,24)]. W niniejszym populacyjnym badaniu osób z zespołem metabolicznym zaobserwowano częstsze występowanie subklinicznej postaci miażdżycy, co prawdopodobnie przyczynia się do wyższego ryzyka wystąpienia jawnej klinicznie postaci CVD związanej z tym schorzeniem.Data are limited regarding prevalence and prognostic significance of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with metabolic syndrome. We investigated prevalence of subclinical CVD in 1,945 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 58 years; 59% women) using electrocardiography, echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, ankle-brachial blood pressure, and urinary albumin excretion. We prospectively evaluated the incidence of CVD associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes according to presence versus absence of subclinical disease. Cross-sectionally, 51% of 581 participants with metabolic syndrome had subclinical disease in at least one test, a frequency higher than individuals without metabolic syndrome [multivariable- adjusted odds ratio 2.06 (95% CI: 1.67- 2.55); p < 0.0001). On follow-up (mean 7.2 years), 139 individuals developed overt CVD, including 59 with metabolic syndrome (10.2%). Overall, metabolic syndrome was associated with increased CVD risk [multivariableadjusted hazards ratio (HR) 1.61 (95% CI: 1.12-2.33)]. Participants with metabolic syndrome and subclinical disease experienced increased risk of overt CVD [2.67 (1.62-4.41) compared with those without metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or subclinical disease], whereas the association of metabolic syndrome with CVD risk was attenuated in absence of subclinical disease [HR 1.59 (95% CI: 0.87&#8211;2.90)]. A similar attenuation of CVD risk in absence of subclinical disease was observed also for diabetes. Subclinical disease was a significant predictor of overt CVD in participants without metabolic syndrome or diabetes [1.93 (1.15-3.24)]. In our community-based sample, individuals with metabolic syndrome have a high prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis that likely contributes to the increased risk of overt CVD associated with the condition

Vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults aged 65 years and older in primary care: I-MOVE-COVID-19 project, Europe, December 2020 to May 2021

I-MOVE-COVID-19 primary care study team (in addition to authors above): Nick Andrews, Jamie Lopez Bernal, Heather Whitaker, Caroline Guerrisi, Titouan Launay, Shirley Masse, Sylvie van der Werf, Vincent Enouf, John Cuddihy, Adele McKenna, Michael Joyce, Cillian de Gascun, Joanne Moran, Ana Miqueleiz, Ana Navascués, Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín, Carmen Ezpeleta, Paula López Moreno, Javier Gorricho, Eva Ardanaz, Fernando Baigorria, Aurelio Barricarte, Enrique de la Cruz, Nerea Egüés, Manuel García Cenoz, Marcela Guevara, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Carmen Sayón, Verónica Gomez, Baltazar Nunes, Rita Roquete, Adriana Silva, Aryse Melo, Inês Costa, Nuno Verdasca, Patrícia Conde, Diogo FP Marques, Anna Molesworth, Leanne Quinn, Miranda Leyton, Selin Campbell, Janine Thoulass, Jim McMenamin, Ana Martínez Mateo, Luca Basile, Daniel Castrillejo, Carmen Quiñones Rubio, Concepción Delgado-Sanz, Jesús Oliva.The I-MOVE-COVID-19 network collates epidemiological and clinical information on patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virological characterisation in 11 European countries [1]. One component of I-MOVE-COVID-19 is the multicentre vaccine effectiveness (VE) study at primary care/outpatient level in nine European study sites in eight countries. We measured overall and product-specific COVID-19 VE against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among those aged 65 years and older. We also measured VE by time since vaccination.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101003673.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio