DNA-free RNA isolation protocols for Arabidopsis thaliana, including seeds and siliques

Background High throughput applications of the reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for quantification of gene expression demand straightforward procedures to isolate and analyze a considerable number of DNA-free RNA samples. Published protocols are labour intensive, use toxic organic chemicals and need a DNase digestion once pure RNAs have been isolated. In addition, for some tissues, the amount of starting material may be limiting. The convenience of commercial kits is often prohibitive when handling large number of samples. Findings We have established protocols to isolate DNA-free RNA from Arabidopsis thaliana tissues ready for RT-qPCR applications. Simple non-toxic buffers were used for RNA isolation from Arabidopsis tissues with the exception of seeds and siliques, which required the use of organic extractions. The protocols were designed to minimize the number of steps, labour time and the amount of starting tissue to as little as 10–20 mg without affecting RNA quality. In both protocols genomic DNA (gDNA) can be efficiently removed from RNA samples before the final alcohol precipitation step, saving extra purification steps before cDNA synthesis. The expression kinetics of previously characterized genes confirmed the robustness of the procedures. Conclusion Here, we present two protocols to isolate DNA-free RNA from Arabidopsis tissues ready for RT-qPCR applications that significantly improve existing ones by reducing labour time and the use of organic extractions. Accessibility to these protocols is ensured by its simplicity and the low cost of the materials used

Notions of Development and its Link with the Educational System

El objetivo de este trabajo es dilucidar cómo la política y la literatura científica han establecido un diálogo a partir de las nociones de desarrollo y las perspectivas de educación. En primer lugar, desde una perspectiva histórica, se aborda la relación entre modelo de desarrollo y sistema educativo, mostrando cómo éste último ha sido determinado por los esquemas ideológicos y políticos de los estados latinoamericanos (especialmente el chileno) en los últimos cien años. En seguida, se presenta una revisión de la educación como dimensión del desarrollo desde la perspectiva tradicional de Naciones Unidas y desde una noción de desarrollo amplio, a partir de los aportes de Dag Hammarskjöld y Amartya Sen. Por último, se incluye un análisis de los desafíos que se desprenden para los países latinoamericanos en materia educativa, a partir de las exigencias del mundo globalizante, especialmente respecto de la educación para el desarrollo sostenible, para concluir sobre los desafíos que se derivan de aspectos contemporáneos que intervienen en los procesos educativos, tales como las desigualdades en educación, la cultura individualista, la revolución tecnológica y las brechas educativas asociadas a la educación digital.This essay deals with the relationship between the development models of the Latin American countries (especially the Chilean case) and the structure of their educational systems. The objective is to study the relationship between the evolution of Latin American states and the conceptualization of education within each politicalinstitutional framework. A review of education as a dimension of development from the traditional perspective of the United Nations and from a notion of broad development is presented, based on the contributions of Dag Hammarskjöld and Amartya Sen. Also, an analysis of the challenges that arise for the Latin American countries in educational matters is included, based on the demands of the global world, especially regarding education for sustainable development. As conclusion, the educational systems creates a high stratified social system, with a concentration of students with similar socio-economic background and a social culture that promotes individualism and the exploitation of human relations, dispelling public sense

Treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaw related to bisphosphonates and other antiresorptive agents

The clinical management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients treated with bisphosphonates and other antiresorptive agents is subject to controversy. The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) has developed guidelines for the correct management of the disorder which are revised and updated by a panel of experts. The present systematic review analyzes the different treatments currently used to treat this clinical condition, based on the PRISMA® (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement published in 2009. An electronic Medline search was made of the PubMed database, covering the period 2006-2014. The last search date was 31 December 2014. A total of 29 articles were selected from the initial search according to the different drugs implicated in the appearance of osteonecrosis; the treatment modality used according to the stage of the disease; and the recorded success rate. It is currently still recommended that the management of MRONJ should be decided according to the stage of the disease ? conservative treatment being preferred in early stages without symptoms, while surgical management is preferred in the case of bone exposure with symptoms

Aspectos odontoestomatológicos en oncología infantil

Las neoplasias infantiles han ido adquiriendo a lo largo de los últimos años una relevancia progresiva en el ámbito de la pediatría. Esta importancia, se ha visto acompañada por una espectacular mejoría en el tratamiento del cáncer infantil, alcanzando supervivencias a largo plazo incluso del 90% en algunos tumores, lo que hace que este tipo de población requiera una mayor asistencia médico-sanitaria a todos los niveles pues estos avances, crean una nueva responsabilidad que consiste en preveer y, en lo posible, evitar las complicaciones derivadas de la propia neoplasia y de su tratamiento. Entre los efectos secundarios existentes, se encuentran las manifestaciones orales, de carácter agudo o crónico, que suponen una frecuente causa de malestar, focos potenciales de infecciones sistémicas y secuelas a largo plazo, que estarán en función del momento evolutivo de desarrollo en el que se encuentre el niño. La incidencia y severidad de una mayoría de complicaciones orales, se asocian con factores preexistentes (caries, gingivitis y mala higiene) que afectan notoriamente al inicio, aumento y persistencia de las mismas. Es lamentable que el paciente desarrolle un problema en la cavidad bucal que una medida preventiva o un tratamiento oral e higiénico simple pudieran prevenir o reducir.Childhood neoplasias have become increasingly important in recent years in the ambit of paediatric medicine. This phenomenon has been accompanied by a spectacular improvement in the treatment of childhood cancer, long-term survival rates reaching 90% in the case of some tumours. A corollary of this success is the obligation to provide new and improved medical assistance both as regards the possible prevention of any alterations and, if possible, the avoidance of complications derived from the neoplasm itself and its treatment. Among possible secondary effects are oral manifestations of a chronic or acute nature, which may cause great discomfort, act as foci of sytemic infections or have long-term after effects, all of which will depend on the exact moment of the child s development that treatment is undertaken. The incidence and severity of most oral complications is associated with pre-existent factors, such as caries, gingivitis or generally poor hygiene, which strongly affect the beginning, increase and persistence of the same. It is to be decried that a problem in the buccal cavity is allowed to develop, which a simple preventative measure, simple hygiene or dental conservation treatment could prevent or reduce

Estabilidad de frecuencia en sistemas eléctricos de potencia considerando generación no inercial

Los sistemas eléctricos de potencia cuentan cada vez más con energías renovables no convencionales como fuentes de generación, siendo las más relevantes la energía solar y fotovoltaica, en tal sentido la implementación en grandes cantidades de estos tipos de generación en el sistema eléctrico puede afectar a la estabilidad de la frecuencia. El sistema eléctrico presenta condiciones de respuestas ante una falla o perturbación, la inercia de las maquinas es una de ellas, esta actúa como primera respuesta siendo así una parte fundamental de la recuperación de la frecuencia, por lo tanto, es imprescindible el estudio de la estabilidad del sistema ya que las fuentes de generación eólica y fotovoltaica no poseen inercia. Por lo expuesto, el presente documento se enfoca en desarrollar un modelo de simulación de la estabilidad de la frecuencia mediante el software DIgSILENT Power Factory, obteniendo como resultado el comportamiento de la frecuencia ante una falla del sistema, de tal modo que la simulación se realice con los modelos propuestos por WECC (West Electricity Coordinating Council) variando las características de control eléctrico de cada tipo de generador.Electric power systems increasingly have non-standard renewable energies as sources of generation, the most relevant being solar and photovoltaic energy, in this sense the implementation in large quantities of these types of generation in the electrical system can affect the frequency stability. The electrical system has conditions to response to a fault or disturbance, the inertia of the machines is one of them, these acts as the first response, thus being a fundamental part of the recovery of the frequency, therefore, the study of the System stability and sources of wind and photovoltaic generation not limited inertia. Therefore, this document focuses on developing a simulation model of frequency stability using the DIgSILENT Power Factory software, obtaining as a result the frequency behavior in the event of a system failure, so that the simulation is performed with the models proposed by WECC (Western Electricity Coordination Council) varying the electrical control characteristics of each type of generator

Broad application of a simple and affordable protocol for isolating plant RNA

BACKGROUND: Standard molecular biological methods involve the analysis of gene expression in living organisms under diverse environmental and developmental conditions. One of the most direct approaches to quantify gene expression is the isolation of RNA. Most techniques used to quantify gene expression require the isolation of RNA, usually from a large number of samples. While most published protocols, including those for commercial reagents, are either labour intensive, use hazardous chemicals and/or are costly, a previously published protocol for RNA isolation in Arabidopsis thaliana yields high amounts of good quality RNA in a simple, safe and inexpensive manner. FINDINGS: We have tested this protocol in tomato and wheat leaves, as well as in Arabidopsis leaves, and compared the resulting RNA to that obtained using a commercial phenol-based reagent. Our results demonstrate that this protocol is applicable to other plant species, including monocots, and offers yield and purity at least comparable to those provided by commercial phenol-based reagents. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we show that this previously published RNA isolation protocol can be easily extended to other plant species without further modification. Due to its simplicity and the use of inexpensive reagents, this protocol is accessible and affordable and can be easily implemented to work on different plant species in laboratories worldwide

Inherited, congenital and acquired disorders by hemostasis (vascular, platelet & plasmatic phases) with repercussions

The hemostasis alterations, either congenital or hereditary origin, and acquired, are circumstances that hinder oral care to patients who suffer them and also generates in the professional who has to attend, high stress. Bleeding control once established and dental treatment planning, both in the aspect of preparation, as the realization of the odonto-stomatological therapeutic, has suffered updates that do need to remember certain aspects of the care of these patients. But we must not forget that the hematologist or internist who controls the patient's medical condition, is a cornerstone for the planning and implementation of treatment plans. We must also remember that, in certain circumstances, treatment should be performed in a hospital setting. In this review, we aim to provide the odonto-stomatologist guidance on how to address the problem and provide simple and updated guidelines to apply in the treatment of these people

Clinical diseases with thrombotic risk and their pharmacologycal treatment: how they change the therapeutic attitude in dental treatments

The new antiplatelets and anticoagulant drugs have been recently introduced in the daily medical practices for the control of thromboembolism associated with different diseases. The dental assistance of these patients forces us to know these drugs, understand their action mechanisms and try to decrease the risks that entail ours actions in these patients, making a thorough analysis of the risk of bleeding that is going to be related to our medical intervention, as well as the use of all the control measures of the hemorrhage from our knowledge with these patients, and to be prudent. The communication with the medical specialist that supervises these patients must be maxim, being necessary to make clinic trials for establishing protocols or guides of the handling with these patients during the odontological treatment

Crisis económica y Estado de bienestar, estudio exploratorio en Cádiz, España

This article is a review of the existing literature and the analysis of the data obtained in a pilot study whose main objective was the search for the association with economic crisis and welfare state. The connection of the crisis was studied in the categories such as citizenship, resilience, social transformations, movements and social groups, and its investigation in health, socio-community, and citizenship sectors in general. This article is a review of the existing literature and the analysis of the data obtained in a pilot study whose main objective is the search for the association between economic crisis and welfare state. We study the connection of the crisis in categories such as citizenship, resilience, social transformations, movements and social groups, and its investigation in health, socio-community, and citizenship sectors in general. The main reason for the investigation is the consequences of the economic recession of the years 2008/09, which has passed into world economic history for its intensity and for being the first truly global economic crisis. Theoretical research requires a qualitative methodology to analyze their discourses on the relationship between economic crisis and the welfare state. The research concludes that the economic crisis was not the cause, but the excuse to justify the crisis of the welfare state and faces political challenges that question its raison d'être in effectiveness and legitimacy.El presente artículo es una revisión de la literatura existente y el análisis de los datos obtenidos en un estudio piloto cuyo objetivo principal es la búsqueda de la asociación entre crisis económica y Estado de bienestar. Se estudia el entroncamiento de la crisis en categorías como ciudadanía, resiliencia, transformaciones sociales, movimientos y grupos sociales, y su indagación en sectores de la salud, socio-comunitarios y en ciudadanía en general. El principal motivo de la investigación son las consecuencias de la recesión económica de los años 2008/09, que ha pasado a la historia económica mundial por su intensidad y por ser la primera crisis económica verdaderamente global. A partir de la investigación teórica se precisa de una metodología cualitativa para analizar sus discursos sobre la relación existente entre crisis económica y Estado de bienestar. La investigación concluye que la crisis económica no fue la causa, sino la excusa para justificar la crisis del Estado de bienestar, y enfrenta desafíos de índole político que cuestionan su razón de ser en eficacia y legitimidad

Strategy and communication in social media: A study about the influence of the RealFooding movement

Actualmente han aparecido nuevos perfiles profesionales como son los denominados influencers, personas quienes de manera estratégica construyen su propia marca personal y generan contenido de interés para sus públicos en las redes sociales. La popularidad de los influencers ha provocado que las marcas se aproximen a ellos como medio para llegar a sus públicos de interés de una manera más efectiva. Hasta el momento, hemos sido testigos de una aceleración en el uso estratégico de los influencers por parte de marcas comerciales, pero, ¿qué ocurre cuando ese contenido está relacionado con la alimentación y la salud? Es el denominado movimiento RealFooding, liderado por el influencer Carlos Ríos, quien ha generado una estrategia de comunicación basada en un estilo de vida al que se han sumado cientos de miles de seguidores por redes sociales. Por medio de este artículo, presentamos un estudio del movimiento estratégico RealFooding en las diferentes plataformas y redes sociales (análisis de contenido). Con el fin de conocer el nivel de influencia de Carlos Ríos respecto a sus seguidores, se ha aplicado una metodología de carácter cuantitativo mediante una encuesta online a estudiantes universitarios de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 25 años y a padres y madres que tienen hijos y que son responsables de realizar la compra en el hogar. Como resultado principal hemos comprobado que el nivel de influencia de este movimiento es diferente según el público, así como el tipo de contenido que se publica en las distintas redes sociales.New professional profiles have appeared recently such as the so-called influencers, people who strategically build their own personal brand and generate content of interest for their audiences on social media. The popularity of influencers has caused brands to approach them as a means to reach their target audiences in a more effective way. So far, we have witnessed an acceleration in the strategic use of influencers by brands. But what happens when the content is related to food and health? There is a movement called RealFooding led by Carlos Ríos who has created a communication strategy based on a lifestyle to which hundreds of thousands of followers have joined through social media. This article presents a study of the strategic RealFooding movement on different platforms and social media (content analysis). In order to know Carlos Ríos’ level of influence over his followers, a quantitative methodology was applied through an online survey to 18 to 25 year-old university students, and to parents with children who are responsible for buying the groceries at home. We have found, as a main result, that the level of influence of this movement is different according to the audience as well as the type of content that is published on different social media