47 research outputs found
A Wind-Band in Cork in the first decade of the 1800s
This chapter discusses the ‘Galway Band’, the band of the
Galway Regiment of Militia, referred to in the advertisement and
outlines the military and non-military repertoire that has survived in
part-books in the Manuscript Library of Trinity College, Dublin. The
chapter asserts that the band belongs to the English tradition of the
European genre of wind-band music referred to as Harmoniemusik
Maynooth Musicology: Postgraduate Journal
The second issue of Maynooth Musicology Postgraduate Journal will
be a memorable one for the student editors, and for me too as founder
and general editor. Many of the young musicologists who have written
these essays will embark on new journeys, leaving our department with
MLitts. or PhDs, some bringing their experience at Maynooth to bear on
studies further afield. It is to the students of this volume and to
musicology students in general that this preface is directed, for what
matters on such occasions is not so much the educational givens of your
background but the state of readiness of your own spirit. In fact, the
ability to start out upon your own impulse is fundamental to the gift of
keeping going on your own terms, not to mention the further and more
fulfilling gift of getting going all over again -never resting upon the oars
of success or in the doldrums of disappointment, but getting renewed
and revived by some further transformation
The development of systems of milk production and grazing management based on low stocking rates and very low artificial nitrogen inputs.
End of Project ReportThere is increasing pressure on to reduce nitrogen (N) inputs to agricultural production systems within the
European Union. This three-year experiment examined the impact of lowering N-input/ha on milk output,
carrying capacity and N losses. In Ireland, a dairy cow is classified as excreting 85 kg organic N per year.
There were four treatments involving annual stocking rates and fertilizer N inputs as follows: (1) 2.5 cows/ha
& 350 kg/ha (Intensive), (2) 2.5 cows/ha & 250 kg/ha (Moderate), (3) 2.1 cows/ha & 175 kg/ha (Extensive)
and (4) 1.75 cows/ha & 80 kg/ha (Minimal). Swards were initially composed predominantly of perennial
ryegrass and contained white clover. The primary aim was to supply sufficient pasture to meet the feed
requirements of the lactating cows during the main grazing season. Subject to meeting this requirement the
objective was to produce enough grass to meet winter-feed requirements as grass-silage. Production of grasssilage
was indicative of carrying capacity. There were 18 cows per treatment each year. Concentrates fed were
595 kg/cow/year.
There were no significant differences in yields (mean ± SEM kg/cow/year) of solids-corrected milk (6210 ±
97), fat (263 ± 4.4), protein (225 ± 3.3) and lactose (301 ± 5.2) between treatments combined over years.
Silage production was sufficient to meet winter-feed requirements (i.e. 1.40 t DM/cow) on all treatments
except Moderate, which was 0.87 of requirement. Measurement of soil mineral N concentrations indicated
largest losses from Intensive during the winter. However, measurement of nitrate N in drainage water during
the winter indicated low concentrations (mg/litre) from all treatments; 2.4 from Intensive, 2.0 from Mininal,
0.9 from Moderate and 0.9 from Extensive. The comparably high mean concentrations associated with
Minimal were attributed to the high proportion of white clover in these swards and the breakdown of clover
stolon releasing mineral N into the soil during the winter months.
The main findings were:
(1) No difference in milk output per cow even under low fertilizer N inputs
(2) A relationship between requirement for fertiliser N and stocking rate along the line:
Fertilizer N req. = (SR x 300) – (300 + background-N)
Where SR is stocking rate in cows per ha and background N is the release of N from net mineralization
of soil organic matter N. The average value for background-N is around 130 kg/ha. (3) Very high levels of productivity from grass + white clover swards receiving 80 kg N/ha/year with around
80% of the carrying capacity of the Intensive treatment.
(4) Very low losses of nitrate-N in drainage water under organic N loads of up to 300 kg/ha. Losses of
nitrate-N in drainage water accounted for less than 5% of N losses in the experiment except on the
clover-system. It is likely that denitrification and losses of di-nitrogen (N2) and nitrous oxide (N2O)
gasses were the main pathways for loss. This is consistent with the heavy wet imperfectly drained soils,
high rainfall, intermittent soil saturation and the mild conditions experienced at Solohead
Carbohydrate Syntrophy enhances the establishment of Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 in the neonatal gut
The non-digestible oligosaccharide fraction of maternal milk represents an important of carbohydrate and energy source for saccharolytic bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal tract during early life. However, not all neonatal bifidobacteria isolates can directly metabolise the complex sialylated, fucosylated, sulphated and/or N-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharide structures present in mothers milk. For some bifidobacterial strains, efficient carbohydrate syntrophy or crossfeeding is key to their establishment in the gut. In this study, we have adopted advanced functional genomic approaches to create single and double in-frame deletions of the N-acetyl glucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase encoding genes, nagA1 and nagA2, of B. breve UCC2003. In vitro phenotypic analysis followed by in vivo studies on co-colonisation, mother to infant transmission, and evaluation of the relative co-establishment of B. bifidum and B. breve UCC2003 or UCC2003 Delta nagA1 Delta nagA2 in dam-reared neonatal mice demonstrates the importance of crossfeeding on sialic acid, fucose and N-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharides for the establishment of B. breve UCC2003 in the neonatal gut. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of in vivo gene expression shows upregulation of genes associated with the utilisation of lactose, sialic acid, GlcNAc-6-S and fucose in B. breve UCC2003, while for UCC2003 Delta nagA1 Delta nagA2 only genes for lactose metabolism were upregulated
Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial
Background
Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy
Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial
Background:
Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events.
Methods:
The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627).
Findings:
Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29–146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0– 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25–1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39–1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65–1·60]; p=0·92).
Interpretation:
These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention
Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial
Background:
Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events.
Methods:
The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627).
Findings:
Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29–146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0– 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25–1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39–1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65–1·60]; p=0·92).
Interpretation:
These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention
Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial
BACKGROUND: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. METHODS: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). FINDINGS: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29-146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0- 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25-1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39-1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65-1·60]; p=0·92). INTERPRETATION: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation
A Wind-Band in Cork in the first decade of the 1800s
This chapter discusses the ‘Galway Band’, the band of the
Galway Regiment of Militia, referred to in the advertisement and
outlines the military and non-military repertoire that has survived in
part-books in the Manuscript Library of Trinity College, Dublin. The
chapter asserts that the band belongs to the English tradition of the
European genre of wind-band music referred to as Harmoniemusik
A Wind-Band in Cork in the first decade of the 1800s
This chapter discusses the ‘Galway Band’, the band of the
Galway Regiment of Militia, referred to in the advertisement and
outlines the military and non-military repertoire that has survived in
part-books in the Manuscript Library of Trinity College, Dublin. The
chapter asserts that the band belongs to the English tradition of the
European genre of wind-band music referred to as Harmoniemusik