The Body Overconsumed: Masculinity and Consumerism in Ernest Hemingway’s \u3cem\u3eAcross the River and into the Trees\u3c/em\u3e

On the threat of postwar cultural changes to Cantwell’s idealized masculinity. Argues that the physical deterioration of Cantwell, his struggle to maintain authority through hierarchy, and nostalgic remembrances of youth directly correspond to the loss of traditional masculinity and rise of feminine mass consumption

A Tragedy of Idealism in \u3cem\u3eTo Have and Have Not\u3c/em\u3e

Treats the loss of idealism, suggesting that the novel’s stance on the topic is paradoxical: without idealism, a character’s value is questionable, but to believe in any ideology is impossible within the modern world. Though Nyman discusses the loss of idealism pervading society, he focuses on Morgan’s fatal flaw, his inability to adapt his individualism and idealism in a changing world. Nyman asserts that the novel fails to provide an alternate vision, resulting in an overpowering mood of bleakness. Briefly discusses the connection between language and morality within the novel

Body/Language: Gender and Power in Hard-Boiled Fiction

Classifies To Have and Have Not as an archetypal work of hard-boiled fiction, comparing the novel with Dashiell Hammett’s Red Harvest (1924) and James Mallahan Cain’s The Postman Always Rings Twice (1937). Studies Harry’s exemplification of the genre’s aggressively masculine male with his white, muscular body, appropriation of controlling street language, and domination of all forms of femininity