Gambaran Latihan Fisik pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Masa Pandemi COVID-19

This study aims to identify physical exercise features in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used is a narrative review by searching articles using Pubmed, Cinahl, and Sage Journals. The results of the study showed that eight pieces reported that there was a decrease in the frequency and intensity of physical exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and two articles reported that respondents continued to do physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, the frequency of physical activity carried out by people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased and remained the same. Still, most of them are described as experiencing a decrease in exercise intensity and frequency.   Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Physical Exercise, COVID-19 Pandemi

Low to High Intensity Exercise dalam Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah pada Pasien DM Tipe 2

This study aims to map and synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of low to high-intensity exercise in reducing blood sugar levels in type 2 DM patients according to patient characteristics. The method used is a scoping review with a search strategy using the PICO(s) format. Pubmed, Science Direct, CINAHL, and the Google Scholar search engine are the databases used. The research results showed that eight articles were in English, five studies showed a significant reduction in blood sugar, and three others showed no significant decrease. Apart from that, it was also found that there was an increase in insulin, which showed a significant increase in HbA1c, and there was no increase in the dose of anti-diabetic therapy. Several types of exercise are used at all intensities depending on the patient's ability, including walking, jogging, power cycling, and walking on a treadmill. In conclusion, exercise can reduce weight for obese patients and increase muscle strength, followed by improved physical function for patients with weight loss.   Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Exercise Therapy, Blood Glucos

Analisis Multifaktor yang Berhubungan dengan Self-Management pada Pasien Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU)

This study aims to analyze self-management factors in Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) patients. This research uses the literature review method with keywords in EBSCO Host, Willey, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Research Gate databases. The study results obtained that the stress factor is the factor that most influences self-management in diabetic patients. Stress can be overcome by having a good level of spirituality in patients, as encouragement and motivation in carrying out good self-management. External support factors and the support of those closest to them can also motivate DFU patients to carry out self-management. Cultural and spiritual factors also influence DFU patients in carrying out and undergoing self-management in everyday life. In conclusion, stress factors, education, foot care self-care behavior, duration of DM, culture, and spirituality have a relationship to self-management of diabetic foot ulcer patients (DFU).   Keywords: Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Self Managemen

Pengaruh Program Edukasi Perawatan Kaki Berbasis Keluarga Terhadap Perilaku Perawatan Kaki Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Perilaku perawatan kaki merupakan komponen yang penting dalam pencegahan kaki diabetik. Namun, banyakpasien Diabetes Melitus (DM) yang tidak menjalankannya akibat rendahnya pengetahuan dan self-efficacy pasienmaupun keluarga. Di sisi lain, dukungan dan keterlibatan keluarga merupakan aspek penting dalam terlaksananyaperilaku perawatan kaki pasien DM. Pengembangan program peningkatan perawatan kaki DM berbasis keluargapenting dilakukan guna mengatasi kelemahan program sejenis yang berbasis individu. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh program edukasi perawatan kaki berbasis keluarga terhadap perilakuperawatan kaki pasien DM. Penelitian quasi experiment dengan pre-test and post-test with control group designini melibatkan 72 responden DM Tipe 2 dan keluarganya yang diseleksi secara purposive dari populasi respondenDiabetes Melitus di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pasirkaliki Kota Bandung. Sampel dibagi menjadi kelompokintervensi dan kontrol dengan masing-masing 36 responden. Responden pada kelompok intervensi mendapatkanprogram edukasi perawatan kaki berbasis keluarga, konseling serta tindak lanjut 1 kali melalui telepon dan tigakali melalui kunjungan langsung ke rumah. Perilaku perawatan kaki dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner.Data dianalisis menggunakan paired dan independent t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaankarakteristik antar kelompok. Perilaku perawatan kaki post test (M=84.69, SD=4.49) pada kelompok intervensiberbeda secara bermakna (p = 0.000) lebih tinggi dibanding pre test (M=49.50, SD=9.40), sedangkan padakelompok kontrol ada penurunan skor setelah pengukuran (sebelum M=51,33, SD=8,58; sesudah M=49,50,SD=9,40; p=0,219). Program edukasi perawatan kaki berbasis keluarga efektif meningkatkan perilaku perawatankaki pasien DM. Dengan demikian, perawat dapat mengintegrasikan program edukasi perawatan kaki berbasiskeluarga ke program perkesmas sebagai upaya pencegahan kaki diabetik pada pasien Diabetes Melitus

Larutan Pembersih PeriuretraSebelum Pemasangan Kateter Urin Menetap: Literature Review

Pemasangan kateter urin menetap pada pasien baru di rumah sakit adalah 23,2% setiap bulan. Delapan puluh persen kejadian infeksi saluran kemih disebabkan oleh kateter urin menetap yang tidak aseptik. Kematian akibat infeksi ini adalah 32% dari seluruh kasus infeksi nosokomial. Penggunaan larutan pembersih periuretra sebelum pemasangan kateter urin menetap dalam mengurangi infeksi saluran kemih kurang memadai. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review, dengan pencarian pada database CINAHL, proquest, dan google scholar yang dipublikasikan dari tahun 1995 sampai dengan 2013. Kata kunci yang digunakan meliputi catheterization, indwelling urinary catheter, bacteriuria, meatal atau periurethral cleaning, urinary tract infection, dan nursing. Dua puluh lima literatur yang berkaitan didapatkan. Larutan yang umum digunakan adalah air kran, air steril, larutan antiseptik, dan salin normal. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik antara kejadian infeksi saluran kemih dengan penggunaan air kran dibandingkan dengan povidone-iodine10% atau chlorhexidine0.1%. Hal yang sama juga ditemui saat pengunaan air steril dibandingkan dengan povidone-iodineatau chlorhexidine gluconate10% atau 0.05%, saat penggunaan air dan sabun, busa pembersih kulit, povidone-iodine10%, dan salin normal. Air steril adalah larutan hipotonik, tidak mahal, dan tidak mengiritasi kulit. Salin normal juga lebih murah dan kurang mengiritasi kulit. Larutan antiseptik cukup mahal, dapat mengiritasi kulit, dan memiliki efek samping alergi atau toksik. Sabun memiliki sedikit kadar antiseptik dan relatif murah. Larutan pembersih periuretra sebelum pemasangan kateter yang dapat digunakan adalah air kran, air steril, larutan antiseptik, salin normal, dan air dan sabun. Diperlukan penelitian selanjutnya tentang penggunaan air steril atau salin normal

EFEKTIFITAS TERAPI SLOW STROKE BACK MASSAGE (SSBM) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Hipertensi pada lanjut usia disebabkan oleh pembuluh darah yang mengeras dan kaku sehingga jantung memompa darah lebih kuat. Salah satu terapi non farmakologis yang dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi hipertensi adalah terapi Slow Stroke Back Massage (SSBM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keefektifan terapi Slow Stroke Back Massage (SSBM) terhadap tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi lanjut usia. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan systematic review dengan melibatkan 3 database yaitu Google Scholar, Pubmed, dan Garuda dengan kriteria berupa artikel nasional dan internasional yang bersifat experimental study yang sudah terindeks dengan populasi sampel penderita hipertensi lanjut usia 60 tahun hingga 75 tahun. Hasil meliputi 2 artikel menggunakan metode quasi experimental, 2 artikel menggunakan pre-experimental dan 1 artikel menggunakan non-blind clinical trial. Menilai dan menganalisis kualitas setiap studi dilakukan menggunakan The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terapi Slow Stroke Back Massage (SSBM) berpengaruh terhadap tekanan darah pada lansia penderita hipertensi.Kata Kunci: Slow stroke back massage, tekanan darah, hipertensi, lanjut usi

Kombinasi Sinar Inframerah, Cadexomer Iodine Powder, dan Zinc Cream Pada Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU): Sebuah Case Report

The management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) infections has undergone many developments. Some of therapies used, namely infrared, cadexomer iodine, and zinc cream as single therapies that have been proven effective. However, the combinations of these therapy is not yet known whether it’s more effective or not than single or double  therapy. It’s important to know the outcome of combination of these therapys on the wound healing process. This case report was applied to DM Type 2 patient with DFU score 47 from Bates-Jansen Wound Assessment Tool (BJWAT) and hyperglycemic condition (355 mg/dL). Wound treatment was carried out using the TIME Concept and applying 3M principles which were repeated in 4 home visits for 11 days. The result showed wound improvement as indicated by decrease in BJWAT score from 47 to 38. The improvement in this case was supported by the strength of each therapy which is combined in the wound healing process compared to single or double therapy. The client's wound care has the potential to address bacterial colonization and prevent biofilm formation, maintain wound moisture, and autolysis of necrotic tissue in a faster time. However, there are several complicating factors of client’s wound healing process, namely hyperglycemia, non-adherence of insulin injection, infection, hypertension, and hyperurisemia. The combination of these three therapies was shown to wound healing in terms of wound depth, type and amount of necrotic tissue, peripheral edema, granulation, and epithelialization and accelerate wound repair compared to single or double combinations

Non-Pharmacological Pain Management In Patient With Gouty Arthritis: A Narrative Review

Gouty arthritis is a condition characterized by joint inflammation due to the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in the joint, resulting in severe pain, reduced musculoskeletal ability, and poor QoL. Therefore, this study aims to identify non-pharmacological pain management in gouty arthritis sufferers. This study is a narrative review including three databases such as ScienceDirect, Proquest, Pubmed, and the search engine Google Scholar. It was conducted using keywords such as gouty arthritis, non-pharmacology, and pain management. The article was sorted by cyclical criteria, and assessment was performed using JBI Critical Appraisal tools. The results showed that non-pharmacological interventions such as warm compresses using moringa leaves, lemongrass decoction water, ginger, cinnamon, soursop leaves, and CQBG (compound Qingbi granules) are effective in reducing gouty arthritis pain and have no side effects. Therefore, this study is expected to provide useful information and insights regarding pain management to health workers, nurses, sufferers, and the general public

Larutan Pembersih PeriuretraSebelum Pemasangan Kateter Urin Menetap: Literature Review

Monthly, 23.2% of new patients in hospital had an indwelling urinary catheter, and 80% of them had urinary tract infections. Data showed that this infection was contributed to 32% of death in nosocomial infection cases. Using the periurethral cleaning solution before the insertion of indwelling catheter to reduce urinary tract infections are still debated. This literature review used some databases such as CINAHL, proquest and google scholar that published between 1995 and 2013. Key words included catheterization, indwelling urinary catheter, bacteriuria, meatal or periurethral cleaning, urinary tract infection, and nursing. This study reviewed 25 appropriate literatures. The solution were tap water, sterile water, antiseptic solution, and normal saline. Statistically, there was no differences of incidences of urinary tract infection when tap water solution compared with povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine 0.1% as well the use of sterile water compared with povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine gluconate 10% or 0.05%, water and soap, skin cleansing foam, povidone iodine, and normal saline. Sterile water is an inexpensive hypotonic solution and does not irritate the skin. Normal saline is also less expensive and less irritating to the skin. Antiseptic solution is quite expensive, can irritate the skin, and have an allergic or toxic side effects. Soap has little value as an antiseptic and relatively inexpensive. Tap water, sterile water, antiseptic solution, normal saline, and water and soap are some solutions that can be us as periuretral cleaning solution. Further study related to the USAge of steril water or normal saline is needed